scholarly journals Optimal Number of Pressure Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Distribution Networks by Using the Hypervolume Indicator

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferreira ◽  
Nelson Carriço ◽  
Dídia Covas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hypervolume Indicator

This article proposes a novel methodology to determine the optimal number of pressure sensors for the real-time monitoring of water distribution networks based on a quality hypervolume indicator. The proposed methodology solves the optimization problem for different numbers of pressure sensors, assesses the gain of installing each set of sensors by means of the hypervolume indicator and determines the optimal number of sensors by the variation of the hypervolume indicator. The methodology was applied to a real case study. Several robustness analyses were carried out. The results demonstrate that the methodology is hardly influenced by the method parameters and that a reasonable estimation of the optimal number of sensors can be easily achieved.

scholarly journals Real-Time Hydraulic Interval State Estimation for Water Transport Networks: a Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios G. Vrachimis ◽  
Demetrios G. Eliades ◽  
Marios M. Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Unaccounted For Water ◽  
Tank Water

Abstract. Hydraulic state estimation in water distribution networks is the task of estimating water flows and pressures in the pipes and nodes of the network based on some sensor measurements. This requires a model of the network, as well as knowledge of demand outflow and tank water levels. Due to modeling and measurement uncertainty, standard state-estimation may result in inaccurate hydraulic estimates without any measure of the estimation error. This paper describes a methodology for generating hydraulic state bounding estimates based on interval bounds on the parametric and measurement uncertainties. The estimation error bounds provided by this method can be applied to estimate the unaccounted-for water in water distribution networks. As a case study, the method is applied to a transport network in Cyprus, using actual data in real-time.

scholarly journals Management of Water Distribution Systems in PDA Condition with Isolation Valves

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Fiorini Morosini ◽  
Olga Caruso ◽  
Paolo Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
System Control ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Pipe Burst

The correct management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) allows to obtain a reliable system. When a pipe failure occurs in a network and it is necessary to isolate a zone, it is possible that some nodes do not guarantee service for the users due to inadequate heads. In these conditions a Pressure Driven Analysis (PDA) is the correct approach to evaluate network behavior. This analysis is more appropriate than the Demand Driven Analysis (DDA) because it is known that the effective delivered flow at each node is influenced by the pressure value. In this case, it is important to identify a subset of isolation valves to limit disrupting services in the network. For a real network, additional valves must be added to existing ones. In this paper a new methodological analysis is proposed: it defines an objective function (OF) to provide a measure of the system correct functioning. The network analysis using the OF helps to choose the optimal number of additional valves to obtain an adequate system control. In emergency conditions, the OF takes into account the new network topology obtained excluding the zone where the broken pipe is located. OF values depend on the demand deficit caused by the head decrement in the network nodes for each pipe burst considered. The results obtained for a case study confirm the efficiency of the methodology.

scholarly journals Optimal Placement of Pressure Sensors Using Fuzzy DEMATEL-Based Sensor Influence

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Francés-Chust ◽  
Bruno M. Brentan ◽  
Silvia Carpitella ◽  
Joaquín Izquierdo ◽  
Idel Montalvo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Fuzzy Dematel ◽  
Control Management

Nowadays, optimal sensor placement (OSP) for leakage detection in water distribution networks is a lively field of research, and a challenge for water utilities in terms of network control, management, and maintenance. How many sensors to install and where to install them are crucial decisions to make for those utilities to reach a trade-off between efficiency and economy. In this paper, we address the where-to-install-them part of the OSP through the following elements: nodes’ sensitivity to leakage, uncertainty of information, and redundancy through conditional entropy maximisation. We evaluate relationships among candidate sensors in a network to get a picture of the mutual influence among the nodes. This analysis is performed within a multi-criteria decision-making approach: specifically, a herein proposed variant of DEMATEL, which uses fuzzy logic and builds comparison matrices derived from information obtained through leakage simulations of the network. We apply the proposal first to a toy example to show how the approach works, and then to a real-world case study.

Bursts Detection in Water Distribution Networks Based on Real-Time State Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 1692-1698
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Ting Lin Huang ◽  
Mei Hua Cao ◽  
Jin Lan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Fuzzy Similarity ◽  
Similarity Ratio

Based on the improved weighted-least-square model and fuzzy similarity ratio method, a methodology is proposed to detect pipe bursts in real-time. When SCADA data is obtained DFP algorithm is used to get the real network state. Then the real values of burst characteristics are computed. And the hypothetical values assuming each pipe as the accident pipe are calculated for comparison. The fuzzy similarity ratio method is used to judge whether there is a pipe burst. If there is, the hypothetical value that is most similar to the real value is the accidental state and the corresponding assumed break is the burst location. According to the methodology a software system is developed with Delphi 7 for verification. The running results of a designed network show that the methodology is reliable and its detection accuracy is over 45%.

Smart Segmented Polymer Injection Pilot: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchao Sun ◽  
Xiaohan Pei ◽  
Xubo Gai ◽  
Shuang Sun ◽  
Shifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Polymer Flood

Abstract Polymer flood is proved an effective method for EOR in China. Traditional segmented polymer injection technique cannot obtain continuous layer parameters. Real-time monitoring is necessary for polymer flood because downhole pressure and flowrate vary more often than waterflood. Existing technique for layered monitoring and flowrate adjustment is wireline test. There is no smart technique which can realize real-time monitoring and automatic flowrate control. In this paper, a smart segmented injection technique for polymer flood well is introduced. A smart distributor is permanently placed in each layer. It is composed of flowmeter, temperature sensor, two pressure sensors, downhole choke and electrical control unit. The special flowmeter is adopted for polymer flowrate test. All the distributors are connected together by a single control line which is set outside of the tubing string. Operator can read the data of each layer and adjust the flowrate whenever needed at any time which makes the technique a smart one. The smart technique for polymer flood wells has been implemented in a polymer well in Daqing oilfield of China. A case study for smart segmented polymer injection pilot is introduced in detail including technical principle, indoor test results, construction process and adjustment process. The application results show that the operator on the ground can easily obtain downhole tubing pressure, layer annulus pressure, temperature and flowrate on line. The sample time can be set to any one between 1-65536s according to geological engineer's advice. There is no limitation caused by battery power because the distributor is powered by cable on the ground. In terms of adjustment, the flowrate can be adjusted according to the target value. And it can also be regulated at any time manually, just needing pushing the mouse in the office. The application also displays that the smart segmented technique has the advantage for polymer injection because of larger change of layered parameters. It can provide more real-time data for oil development engineer and the data are beneficial for better understanding and optimization of the reservoir. Therefore, the smart segmented polymer injection has a great potential for EOR based on polymer flood.

scholarly journals Relevance of hydraulic modelling in planning and operating real-time pressure control: case of Oppegård municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Berardi ◽  
Antonietta Simone ◽  
Daniele B. Laucelli ◽  
Rita M. Ugarelli ◽  
Orazio Giustolisi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Support Pressure ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Operation

Abstract Technical best practices recommend pressure control as an effective countermeasure to reduce leakages in water distribution networks (WDNs). Information and communication technologies allow driving pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in real-time based on pressure observed at remote control nodes (remote real-time control – RRTC), going beyond the limitations of classic PRV control (i.e. with target pressure node just downstream of the device). Nowadays, advanced hydraulic models are able to simulate both RRTC-PRVs and classic PRVs accounting for unreported and background leakages as diffused pressure-dependent outflows along pipes. This paper studies how such models are relevant to support pressure control strategies at both planning and operation stages on the real WDN of Oppegård (Norway). The advanced hydraulic model permits demonstration that RRTC-PRVs in place of existing classic PRVs might reduce unreported and background leakages by up to 40%. The same analysis unveils that advanced models provide reliable evaluation of leakage reduction efforts, overcoming the inconsistencies of lumped indexes like the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). Thereafter, the model allows comparison of three strategies for the real-time electric regulation of PRVs in some of the planned scenarios, thus supporting real-time operation of RRTC-PRVs.

scholarly journals Modelling water quality in drinking water distribution networks from real-time direction data

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nazarovs ◽  
S. Dejus ◽  
T. Juhna
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Time Flow

Abstract. Modelling of contamination spread and location of a contamination source in a water distribution network is an important task. There are several simulation tools developed, however the significant part of them is based on hydraulic models that need node demands as input data that sometimes may result in false negative results and put users at risk. The paper considers applicability of a real-time flow direction data based model for contaminant transport in a distribution network of a city and evaluates the optimal number of flow direction sensors. Simulation data suggest that the model is applicable for the distribution network of the city of Riga and that the optimal number of sensors in this case is around 200.

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