scholarly journals Use of Electrocoagulation for Treatment of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water/Wastewater: A Review Exploring Opportunities and Challenges

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Rahat Alam ◽  
Mohd Sheob ◽  
Bilal Saeed ◽  
Saif Ullah Khan ◽  
Maryam Shirinkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
The Cost

Increasing dependency on pharmaceutical compounds including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and other drugs has threatened the environment as well as human health. Their occurrence, transformation, and fate in the environment are causing significant concerns. Several existing treatment technologies are there with their pros and cons for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW). Still, electrocoagulation is considered as the modern and decisive technology for treatment. In the EC process, utilizing electricity (AC/DC) and electrodes, contaminants become coagulated with the metal hydroxide and are separated by co-precipitation. The main mechanism is charge neutralization and adsorption of contaminants on the generated flocs. The range of parameters affects the EC process and is directly related to the removal efficiency and its overall operational cost. This process only could be scaled up on the industrial level if process parameters become optimized and energy consumption is reduced. Unfortunately, the removal mechanism of particular pharmaceuticals and complex physiochemical phenomena involved in this process are not fully understood. For this reason, further research and reviews are required to fill the knowledge gap. This review discusses the use of EC for removing pharmaceuticals and focuses on removal mechanism and process parameters, the cost assessment, and the challenges involved in mitigation.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TREATMENT OF PARTIAL DEGENERATIVE DAMAGES OF THE ROTARYBICEPITAL COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
А.V. Savchuk ◽  
◽  
О.A. Danilenko ◽  
Е.R. Makarevich ◽  
Е.V. Zhuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

The authors studied the economic efficiency of conservative treatment of 196 patients with injuries of the rotator-bicepital complex on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital № 6 in Minsk for the period from 2013 to 2020 using the developed approaches and the introduction of new technologies. As a result of shortening the length of stay of patients in a hospital with the use of new treatment technologies, it can reduce the cost of money. The total economic effect was 30726 BYN. The study of the parameters of economic efficiency indicates the feasibility of using the introduced medical technologies. As a result, the total amount of savins from reducing economic losses amounted to 24 006 BYN.

Operational Cost of Running Real-Time Mobile Cloud Applications

2015 ◽  
pp. 294-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovunc Kocabas ◽  
Regina Gyampoh-Vidogah ◽  
Tolga Soyata
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cloud Applications

This chapter describes the concepts and cost models used for determining the cost of providing cloud services to mobile applications using different pricing models. Two recently implemented mobile-cloud applications are studied in terms of both the cost of providing such services by the cloud operator, and the cost of operating them by the cloud user. Computing resource requirements of both applications are identified and worksheets are presented to demonstrate how businesses can estimate the operational cost of implementing such real-time mobile cloud applications at a large scale, as well as how much cloud operators can profit from providing resources for these applications. In addition, the nature of available service level agreements (SLA) and the importance of quality of service (QoS) specifications within these SLAs are emphasized and explained for mobile cloud application deployment.

Effect of process parameters on YAG:Ce phosphor properties obtained by co-precipitation method

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 23802-23812
Author(s):  
Vasilica Ţucureanu ◽  
Cosmin Romanițan ◽  
Ioan Albert Tudor ◽  
Cătălin Ţucureanu ◽  
Melania Ana Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Co Precipitation

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride in marine aquaculture wastewater under visible light irradiation with CuO/ZnO

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1249-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Liu ◽  
Xiaocai Yu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Meicen Guo ◽  
Wanting Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A CuO/ZnO photocatalyst nanocomposite was successfully prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by investigating its chemical and physical properties by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The average particle size of CuO/ZnO composite was found to be around 80 nm. The degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride pollutants in marine aquaculture wastewater using ZnO and CuO/ZnO was compared and it was found that CuO/ZnO nanocomposite is more efficient than ZnO. The effects of external factors on the photocatalytic effectiveness of nanocomposite were investigated under visible light. Also, the photocatalytic conditions for the degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride by the nanocomposite were optimized. Based on both ability and efficiency of degradation, and on the cost and availability, 10:2 molar ratio of Zn2+/Cu2+ and 0.7 g/L nanocomposite, was found to be optimal, in which case the average photocatalytic degradation rate of chlortetracycline hydrochloride reached 91.10%.

scholarly journals Transformation of the cost management system for implementing business projects in digital entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasin ◽  
Leyla Gamidullaeva ◽  
Vardan Mkrtchian
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Information Base ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

The report of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development indicates that “digital technology has repeatedly expanded the information base, reduced information costs and created information products. This has facilitated seeking for information, its comparing and exchanging. Moreover, this has contributed to enhancing cohesion and cooperation between economic entities, which in its turn has affected the ways of companies’ operational activity, finding opportunities for people and interacting between citizens and their governments”. The paper deals with the issues specified in the hypothesis that the changes in strategic, tactical and operational cost management are required due to the development of digital entrepreneurship, as well as the changes in goals, criteria for assessing the achievement of goals, subject and object of management and methods of cost management.

scholarly journals A combined experimental and density functional theory study of metformin oxy-cracking for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 13403-13413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Badran ◽  
Abdallah D. Manasrah ◽  
Nashaat N. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Density Functional Theory Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The World

Pharmaceutical compounds are emerging contaminants that have been detected in surface water across the world.

Forming Process Numerical Simulation of Beverage Can

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ji Qiang Zhai ◽  
Ting Hao ◽  
Wen Juan Wang ◽  
Xu Biao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Die Structure ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Time ◽  
Process Method

Numerical simulation in the 200ml beverage can forming process was carried out by means of computer aided engineering. Beverage can drawing production process parameters and a forecast for the production process of all sorts of possible defects were obtained. Based on the results of the simulation, we can improve die structure and process method. Thus the development costs of die will be reduced. The manufacturing time of die will be shortened. The purpose of reducing the cost of production can be achieved ultimately.

Assessing the Operational Cost of Offshore Sourcing Strategies

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Lowson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Acquisition Cost ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Operations Strategy ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Sourcing Strategies ◽  
The Cost

This paper reports on an empirical study to construct an objective and quantifiable method to assess the cost of sourcing from low wage, foreign suppliers. The work details development of a Total Acquisition Cost Model (TACM) that can be used to quantify the supply system costs associated with such sourcing strategies. In so doing, we explore the sourcing policies of a number of European and North American retailers operating in consumer goods sectors. A detailed case study demonstrates the potential inflexibility cost of offshore as opposed to onshore procurement. The research reveals how an understanding of these various metrics can be used to customize an operations strategy; reflecting the contingencies of the particular trading environment

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