scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Water Resources State of Regions around the “Belt and Road”

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2102
Author(s):  
Yaohuan Huang ◽  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Mingxing Chen ◽  
Xiaoyang Song ◽  
Ping Kang
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Water Hazard ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Water resource has become a key constraint for implementing the “Belt and Road” initiative which was raised by the Chinese government. Besides the study of spatial and temporal variability of precipitation, this study created a water hazard risk map along the “Belt and Road” zone through combined flood and drought data from 1985. Our results showed that South-Eastern Asia, southern China and eastern Southern Asia are areas with the most abundant precipitations, while floods in these areas are also the most serious. Northwest China, Western Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia are areas highly vulnerable to drought. Furthermore, the potential influence of flood and drought were also analyzed by associating with population distribution and corridor map. It reveals that China, South-Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, Western Asia and Northern Africa have the largest population number facing potential high water hazard risk. China–India–Burma Corridor and China–Indo-China Peninsula Corridor have the largest areas facing potential high water hazard risk.

Meaning and Update of the Historical Silk Road: Globalization from East to West

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Oleg Suša
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
China And India ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Global Initiatives ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
South Of Europe ◽  
The Silk Road

Abstract The article analyzes the historical Silk Road in its long-term development. It entails reflections on the knowledge of Eastern global interactions providing a long-term contextual framework for Eurasia as a single continent. Eurasian globalization influenced the interactions of regions from China and India, through Western Asia, the Middle East, Eastern and Northern Africa and the Mediterranean, and the south of Europe. An important role was played by the Silk Road, as the main historical long-term network of global interactions and communication, which is now being echoed in the new current global initiatives, particularly the Belt and Road Initiative, which updates the historical Silk Road.

scholarly journals Small-Scale landslide Susceptibility Assessment. The Case Study of the Southern Asia

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Giacomo Titti ◽  
Lisa Borgatti ◽  
Qiang Zou ◽  
Alessandro Pasuto
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Susceptibility Assessment ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Hazard Zoning ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

One of the prioritized project of the Belt and Road Initiative is the Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction. The main aim of the project is to investigate natural hazards affecting Central Asia and Europe in order to understand their evolution and support the spatial planning related to the new infrastructures designing prevention and mitigation measures. The landslide susceptibility zoning is a common practice for land-use planning and environmental impact assessment. Considering the susceptibility as part of the hazard zoning work-flow, a multi-scale (multi-Tier) landslide susceptibility assessment has been carried out and the results are illustrated in this work. Starting from the continental (Tier 1) up to the regional analysis (Tier ≥ 2), the most susceptible areas have been defined to be exploited by successive zoning. Once the most susceptible areas at a regional scale are detected, the hazard zoning can be assessed. In the literature, the landslide susceptibility at continental or global scale has seldom been evaluated. The complexity of the analysis is strictly related to the extension of the study area: the smaller the scale, the higher the complexity of the analysis. Moreover, coordination issues between people and local governments, lack of data due to the absence of strategies for hazards and risk mitigation and data heterogeneity significantly affect the results and forces to find new and innovative solutions from the scientific point of view. In this framework, the Tier 1 landslide susceptibility of the southern Asia has been investigated. It represents the first application of the proposed approach. The results reveal a promising prediction capacity of the method which will be applied to the rest of the Belt and Road study area. The limits, and potentialities of a continental landslide susceptibility are here described. The uncertainty which affect the results of the Tier 1 assessment is mainly related to the lack of consistent data, especially, a global and reliable landslide inventory. However, the Tier 1 landslide susceptibility map has the role to give an overview of the entire study area and to provide the definition of the most landslides prone areas. The method adopted for the analysis is statistically-based and all the resources (software, libraries and data) are open-source. In order to support the reproducibility of the results, a new QGIS tool for statistical analysis has been developed. The Weights of Evidence method has been already implemented, whereas other methods will be coded during further activity.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Freight Trade on Carbon Emission Efficiency: Evidence from the Countries along the “Belt and Road”

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jiangfeng Hu ◽  
Haoming Shi ◽  
Qinghua Huang ◽  
Yalan Luo ◽  
Yamei Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Group Technology ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Extensive research has been carried out on the “Belt and Road” initiative, most of it focusing on geographical economy and international trade. However, there is a lack of research on the carbon emissions efficiency of the countries along the “Belt and Road,” especially regarding the impact of freight trade. To address this research gap, this paper first employs a metafrontier nonradial directional distance function to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 32 countries along the “Belt and Road” from 1990 to 2014. It then examines the role of freight trade. Our main research findings are as follows. Firstly, the carbon emission efficiency of the countries along the “Belt and Road” is generally low. Among them, Russia and Central Asia are mainly due to the large between-group gap in carbon emission efficiency, while Southeast Asia, Western Asia and North Africa, East Asia, South Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe are mainly due to the large within-group gap. Secondly, freight trade promotes carbon emission efficiency, but it will aggravate the gap between the contemporaneous technology and the group technology. Freight trade mainly promotes the contemporaneous carbon emission efficiency (CTCEI) and group-frontier carbon emission efficiency (ITCEI) of low fossil energy dependent countries, and the metafrontier carbon emission efficiency (GTCEI) of high fossil energy dependent countries. Thirdly, foreign direct investment (FDI) has a significant negative effect on a host country’s ITCEI and GTCEI, and it will decrease the gap between the group technology and the metafrontier technology. However, freight trade can effectively prevent the entry of FDI, thereby indirectly improving carbon emission efficiency and reducing carbon emission gap.

scholarly journals The Effect of Geo political risk on China’s OFDI: A Research Based on Countries along the line of The Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Liu Ying
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

China's overall investment in ASEAN, Western Asia and Central Asia has been relatively large since the "one belt and one way" initiative, while the countries in Central and Eastern Europe and South Asia are less. Geopolitical economic risk is an important factor. In this paper, we use the inventory data of China's direct investment in the "one belt and one road" country for 2005-2013 years, the geopolitical risk index calculated by each sub index score of geopolitical risk released in ICRG, and the data of the system's scoring system of the world bank's development index database issued annually. Component analysis and fixed effect stepwise regression model are used to explore the impact of geopolitical risk on China's OFDI along the "one belt and one road" area. The results show that geopolitical risk has a direct negative effect on outward FDI, that is, China tends to invest in countries (regions) with higher geopolitical risk, which may be caused by foreign policy and resource endowment; further analysis found that factors of exchange rate index, per capita GDP, resource endowment, infrastructure, economic and legal freedom positively promote OFDI, while R&D expenditure has a negative impact on OFDI, which may be due to R&D delay. Therefore, we need to stabilize the political and economic relations among the countries along the belt and road, increase the transparency of investment information of the host country, and strengthen the enterprise's self-awareness.

The Earnings of Asian Male Immigrants in the Canadian Labor Market

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1222-1247
Author(s):  
Paul W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Asian Male

The earnings of Asian-born immigrants in the Canadian labor market declined relative to the earnings of native-born workers between 1981 and 1986. Analysis of the labor market performance of immigrants from four regions of Asia—Southern Asia, South East Asia, Eastern Asia and Western Asia—shows that Asian immigrants are a heterogeneous group. However, changes in the birthplace composition of Asian immigrants cannot explain the fall in the relative earnings of the Asian aggregate. Attention is drawn to the switch in the distribution of immigrants across the admission classes as a possible explanation of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Non-malarial febrile illness: a systematic review of published aetiological studies and case reports from Southern Asia and South-eastern Asia, 1980–2015

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poojan Shrestha ◽  
Prabin Dahal ◽  
Chinwe Ogbonnaa-Njoku ◽  
Debashish Das ◽  
Kasia Stepniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Southern Asia

Abstract Background In the absence of definitive diagnosis, healthcare providers are likely to prescribe empirical antibacterials to those who test negative for malaria. This problem is of critical importance in Southern Asia (SA) and South-eastern Asia (SEA) where high levels of antimicrobial consumption and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have been reported. To improve management and guide further diagnostic test development, better understanding is needed of the true causative agents of fever and their geographical variability. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published literature (1980–2015) to characterise the spectrum of pathogens causing non-malarial febrile illness in SA and SEA. We searched six databases in English and French languages: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health (CABI) database, WHO Global Health Library, PASCAL, and Bulletin de la Société Française de Parasitologie (BDSP). Selection criteria included reporting on an infection or infections with a confirmed diagnosis, defined as pathogens detected in or cultured from samples from normally sterile sites, or serological evidence of current or past infection. Results A total of 29,558 records from 19 countries in SA and SEA were screened, of which 2410 (8.1%) met the selection criteria. Bacterial aetiologies were reported in 1235 (51.2%) articles, viral in 846 (35.1%), parasitic in 132 (5.5%), and fungal in 54 (2.2%), and 143 (6.0%) articles reported more than one pathogen group. In descending order of frequency, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus were the commonly reported bacteria, while dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus were common viral pathogens reported. Reports of rarely reported or emerging pathogens included a case report of Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) in India in 2010 and reports of Nipah virus in Singapore and India. Conclusions This review summarises the reported non-malaria pathogens that may cause febrile illness in SA and SEA. The findings emphasise the need of standardising the reporting of aetiological studies to develop effective, evidence-based fever management and improved surveillance. Research and development of diagnostic tools would benefit from up-to-date epidemiological reporting of the regional diversities of non-malaria fever aetiologies. Trial registration PROSPERO registration, CRD42016049281

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

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