scholarly journals Long-Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Extreme Events over Kosi River Basin in India

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Prashant K Srivastava ◽  
Rajani Kumar Pradhan ◽  
George P. Petropoulos ◽  
Varsha Pandey ◽  
Manika Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Sen’S Slope ◽  
Long Term Trend

Analysis of spatial and temporal changes of long-term precipitation and extreme precipitation distribution at a local scale is very important for the prevention and mitigation of water-related disasters. In the present study, we have analyzed the long-term trend of 116 years (1901–2016) of precipitation and distribution of extreme precipitation index over the Kosi River Basin (KRB), which is one of the frequent flooding rivers of India, using the 0.25° × 0.25° resolution gridded precipitation datasets obtained from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), India. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend test together with Sen’s slope estimator was employed to determine the trend and the magnitude of the trend of the precipitation time series. The annual and monsoon seasons revealed decreasing trends with Sen’s slope values of −1.88 and −0.408, respectively. For the extreme indices viz. R10 and R20 days, a decreasing trend from the northeastern to the southwest part of the basin can be observed, whereas, in the case of highest one-day precipitation (RX1 day), no clear trend was found. The information provided through this study can be useful for policymakers and may play an important role in flood management, runoff, and understanding related to the hydrological process of the basin. This will contribute to a better understanding of the potential risk of changing rainfall patterns, especially the extreme rainfall events due to climatic variations.

Interpreting the seasonal and long-term trend of nitrate in both groundwater and spring water in a typical headwater wetland with well-defined groundwater flow pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1338
Author(s):  
Yingjie Cao ◽  
Changyuan Tang ◽  
Zhiwei Han ◽  
Sako Yoko ◽  
Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Long Term Trend

Timescale problems of nitrate behavior (i.e. seasonal variation and long-term trend) in headwater are closely related to its hydrological process. In a typical agricultural headwater catchment in the Chiba prefecture, Japan, the groundwater nitrate concentration showed an increasing trend, while for spring water, a substantial decreasing trend was observed during our monitoring period. Two key issues, (1) identification of multiple flow pathways and (2) evaluation of the residence time for different pathways, were emphasized to reveal the factors controlling the different patterns of nitrate trend. Three major flow pathways including vertical soil water flow (VF), lateral groundwater flow (LG) and deep groundwater flow (DG) along the upland-slope-valley were differentiated. Different timescales of three flow pathways were identified. The residence time of VF was calculated as 9–10 years based on the soil water budget equation and the apparent age of LG was estimated as 41 years by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) traces. The increasing trend of NO3− in groundwater agreed well with the historical nitrate loading, and the decreasing trend of NO3− in spring was mainly influenced by nitrate behavior of LF, which substantially decreased due to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer loadings since 2000.

Long-term trend and multi-annual variability of water temperature in the pristine Bela River basin (Slovakia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 400 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pekárová ◽  
Pavol Miklánek ◽  
Dana Halmová ◽  
Milan Onderka ◽  
Ján Pekár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Long Term Trend

Long-term changes of precipitation in Latvia

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita Lizuma ◽  
Agrita Briede ◽  
Maris Klavins
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Long Term Trend

This study investigated long-term variability and trends in Latvia's annual, seasonal, monthly and daily precipitation using data from 10 meteorological stations for the period 1925–2006 and from station Riga University for the period 1850–2006. The obtained results indicate that during the 20th century a significant increase in precipitation has occurred in the cold season while the warm period showed a decreasing tendency. The annual precipitation totals showed a slight decrease, at half of the studied stations, due to opposite tendencies in cold season and warm season. The long-term trend in the annual precipitation in Riga (from 1850) was positive with large interannual and interdecadal variability. The extreme precipitation events were evaluated using a set of nine climate change indices. Of these, number of wet days, 1-day and 5-days maximum precipitation, moderate wet days and very wet days showed a well pronounced positive tendency in the cold period of the year particularly in winter. No overall long-term trend was detected in extreme precipitation in summer. As in the case of 150-year precipitation pattern, extreme precipitation exhibited cyclic fluctuations that were more pronounced than linear changes. The close correlation between North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and extreme precipitation was found for winter season.

Long-term trend analysis on total and extreme precipitation over Shasta Dam watershed

2018 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinya Toride ◽  
Dylan L. Cawthorne ◽  
Kei Ishida ◽  
M. Levent Kavvas ◽  
Michael L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend

Changes and variability of extreme precipitation index in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Giraldo-Osorio ◽  
David Enrique Trujillo-Osorio ◽  
Oscar Manuel Báez-Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Term Trend

<p>Climate models have not achieved a consensus about the future trend of long-term average of precipitation. As well as, the future trend of extreme values (including both extreme, droughts and heavy events) has higher uncertainties, because are unusual events. The Colombian territory is permanently in risk due to precipitation climatic extremes: during El Niño years, the rain amounts are severely reduced, consequently the rivers flow and the water resource availability; nevertheless, during La Niña years, floods and landslides events are common, because the rain is excessive.</p><p>The precipitation extremes are affected due to long-term trends and the inter-annual variability represented by El Niño/La Niña cycle, then conduct this study is relevant. The selected study area is the Colombian territory. A Satellite Rainfall Estimate (SRE) was used to ensure a whole spatial coverage. The SRE has a daily temporary resolution, then it is suitable for building the selected Extreme Precipitation Indices (EPI). Statistical tests were carried out to verify the long-term change of EPI. The hydrological years were discriminated according to the ENSO, in order to perform a statistical test to probe the hypothesis that EPI, during these particular years (El Niño/La Niña), belong to probability distributions different from that distribution of EPI in “normal” years.</p><p>Mean annual precipitation in the Andean region drops in El Niño years, and it increases in La Niña years. In the Colombian Pacific basin, the number of wet days is reduced by the long-term trend, but the variable is not affected by the ENSO phenomena. However, in the Andean region and the eastern plains, El Niño has a high effect on reducing the number of wet days. Finally, extreme events are affected by both the long-term trend and the ENSO phenomena too; however, the change spatial distribution reveals a high impact on the Andean region.</p>

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