scholarly journals A Weight of Evidence (WOE) Approach to Assess Environmental Hazard of Marine Sediments from Adriatic Offshore Platform Area

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1691
Author(s):  
Loredana Manfra ◽  
Chiara Maggi ◽  
Giuseppe d’Errico ◽  
Alice Rotini ◽  
Barbara Catalano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Chemical Hazard

European legislative framework supports a multidisciplinary strategy of environmental monitoring because the environment is a complex system of abiotic and biotic interactions, and it should not be studied and protected by looking at one single aspect. The resulting heterogeneous data request to be carefully processed, and the application of Weight of Evidence (WOE) approaches is, thereby, an integrated validated tool. In this perspective, the present study aims to: (i). apply a specific model (Sediqualsoft) based on the WOE approach for processing multidisciplinary data related to four Lines Of Scientific Evidence (LOEs: chemical analyses, ecotoxicological bioassays, bioaccumulation tests and biomarkers) regarding sediments from an area of the Adriatic Sea; (ii). evaluate the usefulness of this specific integrated approach to estimate the potential environmental hazard due to the presence of gas production platforms respect to the traditional approach of sediment chemical characterization. This latter recognized a more contaminated area within 100 m of the platforms in which the Sediqualsoft model showed the presence of a chemical hazard, ranging from moderate to severe, and identified the contaminants (e.g., some metals, benzo(a)pyrene and acenaphthene) most responsible for it. A significant hazard also appeared in some of the sampled stations by analyzing the LOEs dedicated to the biological responses. The choice of different reference values (regulatory limits, threshold values or concentrations measured in the control area) influenced only the chemical hazard but not the overall integration with other LOEs, showing a moderate hazard for the majority of stations. Here, the concentrations measured in a control area are firstly proposed as possible reference values in Sediqualsoft model applications; this could be of particular relevance when Sediment Quality Guidelines are not available for all the measured substances. Moreover, the limitations of a conventional pass-to-fail approach or worst-case scenario were overcoming interpreting whole chemical and ecotoxicological results. All data analyzed and discussed confirm Sediqualsoft as a suitable tool for processing environmental data, including those first processed here on a monitoring scenario of gas platforms that discharge Produced Water into the sea.

Multiphase Transient Slugging Flow in Subsea Oil and Gas Production

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
Longbin Tao
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Significant Difference

Slug flow in horizontal pipelines and riser systems in deep sea has been proved as one of the challenging flow assurance issues. Large and fluctuating gas/liquid rates can severely reduce production and, in the worst case, shut down, depressurization or damage topside equipment, such as separator, vessels and compressors. Previous studies are primarily based on experimental investigations of fluid properties with air/water as working media in considerably scaled down model pipes, and the results cannot be simply extrapolated to full scale due to the significant difference in Reynolds number and other fluid conditions. In this paper, the focus is on utilizing practical shape of pipe, working conditions and fluid data for simulation and data analysis. The study aims to investigate the transient multiphase slug flow in subsea oil and gas production based on the field data, using numerical model developed by simulator OLGA and data analysis. As the first step, cases with field data have been modelled using OLGA and validated by comparing with the results obtained using PIPESYS in steady state analysis. Then, a numerical model to predict slugging flow characteristics under transient state in pipeline and riser system was set up using multiphase flow simulator OLGA. One of the highlights of the present study is the new transient model developed by OLGA with an added capacity of newly developed thermal model programmed with MATLAB in order to represent the large variable temperature distribution of the riser in deep water condition. The slug characteristics in pipelines and temperature distribution of riser are analyzed under the different temperature gradients along the water depth. Finally, the depressurization during a shut-down and then restart procedure considering hydrate formation checking is simulated. Furthermore, slug length, pressure drop and liquid hold up in the riser are predicted under the realistic field development scenarios.

Data Inter-Operability Driven by Oceanic Data Assimilation Needs

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Charles Sun
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Station Location

An interactive data access and retrieval system, developed at the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Genter (NODG) and available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" href="http://www.node.noaa.gov">http://www.node.noaa.gov</ext-link>, is presented in this paper. The purposes of this paper are: (1) to illustrate the procedures of quality control and loading oceanographic data into the NODG ocean databases and (2) to describe the development of a system to manage, visualize, and disseminate the NODG data holdings over the Internet. The objective of the system is to provide ease of access to data that will be required for data assimilation models. With advances in scientific understanding of the ocean dynamics, data assimilation models require the synthesis of data from a variety of resources. Modern intelligent data systems usually involve integrating distributed heterogeneous data and information sources. As the repository for oceanographic data, NOAA’s National Oceanographic Data Genter (NODG) is in a unique position to develop such a data system. In support of the data assimilation needs, NODG has developed a system to facilitate browsing of the oceanographic environmental data and information that is available on-line at NODG. Users may select oceanographic data based on geographic areas, time periods and measured parameters. Once the selection is complete, users may produce a station location plot, produce plots of the parameters or retrieve the data.

How Brazil Operators and Regulators Implemented, Audited and Learned from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Biddle ◽  
Jorge Siqueira ◽  
Anne Guedes ◽  
Mariana França ◽  
Nayara Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Exploration And Production

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it the potential risk for personnel abandonment of various oil and gas installations that was unprecedented in the industry. Uncertainties on how to implement and monitor these processes was a significant challenge. This pandemic scenario required that operators and regulators work together to reformulate their normal way of working to decrease the risk of virus exposure to personnel, while still ensuring critical elements were implemented for safe operations. Regulators were required to act quickly to implement and adjust regulations to meet the new demands for safe operations during the global pandemic. Through joint discussions with industry associations and an understanding of the situation, the Brazilian oil and gas industry regulator, ANP, was able to immediately implement tracking requirements and, within less than one month after formal declaration of a state of emergency, issued new regulations for the restart and operations of installations. These measures assisted in a better understanding of the COVID-19 situation onboard offshore installations and in disseminating learnings across Exploration and Production (E&P) industry. Operators across Brazil all implemented modified emergency response plans, new hazard identification measures and means to reduce the risks of these identified hazards in response to COVID-19. The ANP worked to oversee the manner in which these measures were conducted, while successfully assisting in reducing demands on offshore work during the pandemic by migrating to a fully-remote means of regulatory enforcement and auditing. Regulators and operators all worked across five key areas and within the joint efforts significantly mitigated the impacts which COVID-19 had on the industry in Brazil. These key areas were: Operational Safety Documentation, procedures within the regulations and management system to cope with the pandemic scenario; Tracking of COVID-19 cases and effective response measures/learnings across industry; Hazard Identification related to the operational conditions impacted by the COVID-19 crisis; Risk Assessment for the identified hazards because of the pandemic; and Emergency Response plans for response to the worst-case operational scenario during a pandemic. Although severe outbreaks did occur on several installations, causing temporary shutdowns, there have to date been no major operational accidents as a result of COVID-19 personnel evacuations or procedures. Additionally, the total oil and gas production levels for Brazil have been maintained or increased across the sector. These high-level performance indicators demonstrate that through the efforts of the ANP, operators, service providers and other regulators, the pandemic situation is being managed successfully while the industry also continues meet the necessary energy demands of the country. Although the global pandemic has been a sobering and dark period in history for all, there have been positive outcomes for the oil and gas exploration and production industry. The three most apparent positive outcomes are: Ability of regulators and operators to adapt together; A focus by all players on the safety of the workforce and environment;. Effectively operating under adverse conditions with reduced and essential workforce.

scholarly journals Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Bay of Bengal Coast

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. H. Khan ◽  
M. R. Hasan ◽  
M. Khan ◽  
S. Aktar ◽  
K. Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Marine Sediment Quality ◽  
Bay Of Bengal Coast ◽  
The Impact

The concentrations of major (Si, Al, Ca, Fe, and K) and minor (Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn, Co, Cr, As, Cu, Rb, Sr, and Zr,) elements in the surficial sediments were studied in an attempt to establish their concentration in the Bengal coast. It was revealed that the majority of the trace elements have been introduced into the Bengal marine from the riverine inflows that are also affected by the impact of industrial, ship breaking yard, gas production plant, and urban wastes. The concentration of heavy metals was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence instruments. The highest concentrations for several trace elements were thus recorded which generally decrease with distance from the coast. It was observed that the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments generally met the criteria of international marine sediment quality. However, both the contamination factor and pollution load index values suggested the elevation of some metals’ concentrations in the region. Constant monitoring of the Bengal coast water quality needs to be recorded with a view to minimizing the risk of health of the population and the detrimental impacts on the aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in Sediment Quality Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) Assessments

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1517-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme E. Batley ◽  
G. Allen Burton ◽  
Peter M. Chapman ◽  
Valery E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Quality Weight

A new tool for assessing sediment quality based on the Weight of Evidence approach and grey TOPSIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Jiang ◽  
You-Sheng Liu ◽  
Guang-Guo Ying ◽  
Hong-Wei Wang ◽  
Yan-Qiu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Weight Of Evidence

scholarly journals Potential effects and impacts of a coal spill on sensitive aquatic habitat: a weight-of-evidence sediment quality assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
J. Trowell ◽  
G. Gilron ◽  
K. Graf ◽  
L. Patterson ◽  
C. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Metallurgical Coal ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Residual Coal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Recovery Program

Abstract On 11 January 2014, a Canadian Pacific Railway train derailed on the Canadian National Railway Company's Yale Subdivision, Mile 122.7, in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. This derailment resulted in the partial release of metallurgical coal from three rail cars into, and adjacent to, Silver Creek. Following the derailment and subsequent spill, a comprehensive coal recovery program was implemented. As part of the program, coal deposits were removed from the Silver Creek mainstem in the right-of-way during the stabilization work. A total of approximately 143 tonnes of mixed coal, organic and mineral fines were removed during this program. Subsequently, using a weight-of-evidence sediment quality triad approach, a two-year Aquatic Impact Assessment was conducted to evaluate whether the remaining residual coal in Silver Creek and Burnaby Lake presented the potential for impact to the aquatic environment. Lines-of-evidence (LOEs) were evaluated, including sediment chemistry, sediment toxicity, bioaccumulation potential and coal content. The majority of the data from exposed sampling locations indicated that there was low potential for impact, based on the assessed LOEs. Hence, given the overall low potential for residual impacts from the coal deposits in the Silver Creek–Burnaby Lake ecosystem, no further clean up or monitoring was recommended.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Results of Sequential Extraction and Effectiveness of Immobilization Treatment of Lead- and Cadmium-Contaminated Sediment

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena B. Dalmacija ◽  
Miljana D. J. Prica ◽  
Bozo D. Dalmacija ◽  
Srdjan D. Roncevic ◽  
Ljiljana M. Rajic
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Dynamic Leaching

The assessment of the quality of sediment from the Great Backi Canal (Serbia), based on the pseudo-total lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content according to the corresponding Dutch standards and Canadian guidelines, showed its severe contamination with these two metals. A microwave-assisted BCR (Community Bureau of Reference of the Commission of the European Union) sequential extraction procedure was employed to assess their potential mobility and risk to the aquatic environment. Comparison of the results of sequential extraction and different criteria for sediment quality assessment has led to somewhat contradictory conclusions. Namely, while the results of sequential extraction showed that Cd comes under the high-risk category, Pb shows low risk to the environment, despite its high pseudo-total content. The contaminated sediment, irrespective of the different speciation of Pb and Cd, was subjected to the same immobilization, stabilization/solidification (S/S) treatments using kaolinite, montmorillonite, kaolinite-quicklime, montmorillonite-quicklime, fly ash, zeolite, or zeolite-fly ash combination. Semi-dynamic leaching tests were conducted for Pb- and Cd-contaminated sediment in order to assess the long-term leaching behavior of these metals. In order to simulate “worst case” leaching conditions, the semi-dynamic leaching test was modified using 0.014 M acetic acid (pH = 3.25) and humic acid solutions (20 mg TOC l-1) as leachants instead of deionized water. The effectiveness of S/S treatment was evaluated by determining diffusion coefficients (De) and leachability indices (LX). The standard toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was applied to evaluate the extraction potential of Pb and Cd. A diffusion-based model was used to elucidate the controlling leaching mechanisms. Generally, the test results indicated that all applied S/S treatments were effective in immobilizing Pb and Cd, and the treated sediments may be considered acceptable for “controlled utilization” based on LX values, irrespective of their different availability in the untreated samples. In the majority of samples, the controlling leaching mechanism appeared to be diffusion, which indicates that a slow leaching of Cd and Pb could be expected when the above S/S agents were applied. The TCLP results showed that all S/S samples were nonhazardous.

A numerical investigation into gas production under worst case scenario of limited heat transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadman Hasan Khan ◽  
A. Kumari ◽  
G. Dixit ◽  
C. B. Majumder ◽  
A. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Worst Case Scenario
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