scholarly journals Trend Detection of Wave Parameters along the Italian Seas

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caloiero ◽  
Francesco Aristodemo
Keyword(s):  
Kendall Test ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
The Mean

In this paper, trend detection of wave parameters such as significant wave height, energy period, and wave power along the Italian seas was carried out. To this purpose, wave time series in the period 1979–2018 taken from the global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim by European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were considered. Choosing a significance level equal to 90%, the use of the Mann–Kendall test allowed estimating ongoing trends on the mean values evaluated at yearly and seasonal scale. Furthermore, the assessment of the magnitude of the increase/decrease of the wave parameters was performed through the Theil–Sen estimator. The obtained results underlined that the mean values of the considered wave parameters were characterized by a high occurrence of positive trends in the different Italian seas. The findings of this study could have implications for studies of coastal flooding, shoreline variations, and port operations, and for the assessment of the performances of Wave Energy Converters.

scholarly journals Changes of Significant Wave Height, Energy Period and Wave Power in Italy in the Period 1979–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caloiero ◽  
Francesco Aristodemo ◽  
Danilo Algieri Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Significance Levels

An analysis of a 40-year long wave time series was performed, along the coasts of Italy, in order to identify ongoing trends of two synthetic parameters, significant wave height (Hs) and energy period (Te), and of the wave power (P). First, wave data were deduced from the global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-INTERIM by the ECMWF and checked to verify their consistency. Then, a trend analysis was performed on mean values evaluated at annual and seasonal scales through the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test for three different significance levels equal to 90%, 95% and 99%. The obtained results could be useful for analyses linked to beach morphodynamics and on the identification of field installations of Wave Energy Converters (WECs).

POTRET PERILAKU RELIGIUS MAHASISWA UIN SAYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Ay Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Environment Variable ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Level 2

This study describes the religious behavior of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students. The variables used are internal and external environment as independent variable and religious behavior as dependent variable. The internal environment variable consists of gender factor, (male and female). The external environmental variables comprise the faculty environment, the present resident and the place to grow. The present resident consist of dormitories, boarding houses and parents' homes and the place to grow consist of urban and rural environment. Religious behavior variables consist of habluminallah behavior and habluminannas behavior. Habluminallah's behavior measured by (1) knowledge of faith and worship, (2) attitudes toward faith and worship, and (3) practice of faith and worship. The habluminannas variable measured by (1) Islamic behavior for them self, like honest, discipline and good work / studyethics, trust and concern on legality, (2) Islamic behavior with others, like generous, cooperation, caring, respect to the people's rights and tolerance and (3) Islamic behavior for the natural surroundings, like love of nature and nature conservation efforts. The methodology used was (1) Statistical descriptive, (2) MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) and (3) Independent sample t-test. The results showed the religious behavior UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students has a very good category. This is indicated by the mean values for the behavior of haluminallah and habluminannas of 158.85 and 178.76,  espectively. The average value of habluminallah behaviour in the range of values "145-180" with the category of "very good" and habluminannas behavior in the range value "165-205" with the category "very good. Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are different for each faculty. This is indicated by the significance level of Pillai Trace, Wilk Lambda, Hotelling Trace, Roy's Largest Root of 0.00 (<0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are the same for respondents who live in dormitories, boarding houses, and parents' homes. This is indicated by the value of F test and significance at Wilk's Lambda respectively for 2.055 and 0.085 (>0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for urban and rural respondents. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.317 and 0.245 (> 0.05), respectively. Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for male and female. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.950 and 0.307 (> 0.05),respectively. The results of this study are expected to be used to develop university policies that can enhance the Islamic values of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

scholarly journals A Multifaceted Climatology of Atmospheric Blocking and Its Recent Linear Trend

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Croci-Maspoli ◽  
C. Schwierz ◽  
H. C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
The North ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract A dynamically based climatology is derived for Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking events. Blocks are viewed as large amplitude, long-lasting, and negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies located beneath the dynamical tropopause. The derived climatology [based on the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] provides a concise, coherent, and illuminating description of the main physical characteristics of blocks and the accompanying linear trends. The latitude–longitude distribution of blocking frequency captures the standard bimodal geographical distribution with major peaks over the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific in all four seasons. The accompanying pattern for the age distribution, the genesis–lysis regions, and the track of blocks reveals that 1) younger blocks (1–4 days) are more prevalent at lower latitudes whereas significantly older blocks (up to 12 days) are located at higher latitudes; 2) genesis is confined predominantly to the two major ocean basins and in a zonal band between 40° and 50°N latitude, whereas lysis is more dispersed but with clear preference to higher latitudes; and 3) the general northeastward–west-northwest movement of blocks in the genesis–lysis phase also exhibits subtle seasonal and intra- and interbasin differences. Examination of the intensity and spatial-scale changes during the blocking life cycle suggests that in the mean a block’s evolution is independent of the genesis region and its eventual duration. A novel analysis of blocking trends reveals significant negative trends in winter over Greenland and in spring over the North Pacific. It is shown that the changes over Greenland are linked to the number of blocking episodes, whereas a neighboring trend signal to the south is linked to higher-frequency anticyclonic systems. Furthermore, evidence is adduced that changes in blocking frequency contribute seminally to tropopause height trends.

A global coupled atmosphere-ocean model

1989 ◽  
Vol 329 (1604) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Climate Drift ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmosphere Model

A low-resolution version of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts global atmosphere model has been coupled to a global ocean model developed at the Max Planck Institut in Hamburg. The atmosphere model is driven by the sea surface temperature and the ice thickness calculated by the ocean model, which, in turn, is driven by the wind stress, the heat flux and the fresh-water flux diagnosed by the atmosphere model. Even though each model reaches stationarity when integrated on its own, the coupling of both creates problems, because the fields calculated by each model are not consistent with those the other model has to have to stay stationary, as some of the fluxes are not balanced. In the coupled experiment the combined ocean-atmosphere system drifts towards a colder state. To counteract this problem a flux correction has been applied, which balances the mean biases of each model. This method makes the climate drift of the coupled model smaller, but additional work has to be done to perfect this method.

scholarly journals Interannual velocity variations and recent calving of Thwaites Glacier Tongue, West Antarctica

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard T. Rabus ◽  
Oliver Lang ◽  
Ute Adolphs
Keyword(s):  
Feature Tracking ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Grounding Line ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Velocity Variations ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThe surface velocity of Thwaites Glacier (TG), West Antarctica, during the period 1992–2000 is measured with synthetic aperture radar feature-tracking techniques. We find no indication of interannual velocity variations of the grounded ice further than about 20 km inland of the grounding line. The velocity of the floating TG Tongue shows cyclicalvariations with an amplitude of 10%; a minimum around 1997 is bracketed by similarly sized maxima in 1995 and 2000. The observed velocity variations can be explained by time-dependent rotation and deformation superimposed on the steady flow of TG Tongue. The orientation of the rotation is clockwise during the entire observation period; the mean center of the rotation is close to a small ice rise, situated at the east side of the tongue about 20 km past the grounding line. The recent calving of TG Tongue in February 2002 is consistent with continued clockwise rotation that eventually led to cracking from west to east across the tongue. The rotation and deformation of TG Tongue is caused by forces unrelated to glacier dynamics. Analysis of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts wind data suggests a synoptic-scale origin for the external forcing that causes the rotation.

scholarly journals Impact of decalcification on antibacterial properties of eggshell against selected poultry pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
T.V. Balogu ◽  
B.C. Chukwueze ◽  
T.P. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Background: Eggshell which is primarily composed of more than 98% calcium carbonate crystal, serves as the physical protective and active barrier structure of egg content. Recently, antimicrobial properties of eggshell are fast becoming center of interest among stakeholders of poultry industry. However, few studies have focused on the rigidity factor of calcium components of eggshell as antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study was designed to determine the effect of decalcification on the ability of eggshell to inhibit common poultry and egg bacterial pathogens.Methods: Raw eggshell denoted as calcified eggshell (CES) and decalcified eggshell (DES) were extracted and made into fine powder. Standard protocol was used for preparations of CES and DES at concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/ml, and their antibacterial assays on selected bacterial pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) were performed by agar diffusion method. Gentamicin 80mg solution (CC1) and distilled water (CC2) served as controls. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 and presented as mean±SD for descriptive statistics. Friedman's two-way test ANOVA was used to compare the differences in mean values between CES, DES, CC1 and CC2 at significance level of p<0.05.Results: The mean zone diameter of inhibition produced by DES (range 13–28mm) for the isolates was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that produced by CES (range 10-21mm). However, the mean zone diameter of inhibition produced by CC1 (gentamicin) (range 16-40mm) was higher than that produced by DES or CES (p<0.05). The concentrations of DES and CES have no significant antibacterial effect on B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae (p>0.05), but had inverse effect on P. aeruginosa. Overall, DES had a better inhibitory effect than CES against B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, but notably, neither DES nor CES had inhibitory effect on E. coli and S. Typhi.Conclusion: Poor antibacterial effect of CES may be attributed to the calcium-protein interactions within bacterial cell membrane, which hinders absorption or mobility mechanism of the antibacterial factor of the eggshell, but decalcification had significant impact on the antibacterial profile of the eggshell for some bacterial isolates. However, S. Typhi and E. coli were totally resistant to both DES and CES. Breed of eggs with minimal calcified eggshell to withstand transportation fragility, may enhance antibacterial index and shelf-life of table eggs. Keywords: Decalcification; Antibacterial; Eggshell; Poultry; Pathogens

scholarly journals Cost of hospitalizations for stroke in the elderly in Brazil, 2008-2019: a time series study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Feitosa da Silva ◽  
Thiago Cavalcanti Leal ◽  
João Paulo Silva de Paiva ◽  
Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana ◽  
Lucas Gomes Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Series Study

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world, causing thousands of hospital admissions and whose morbidity and health care costs are high. Objectives: To analyze the temporal behavior of hospitalization of elderly people due to stroke in Brazil, regions and Federation Units (UF), 2008- 2019. Design and setting: Ecological study. The space units were Brazil, its regions and Federation Units. Methods: Data were collected on the DATASUS online platform: number of admissions, number of Hospitalization Authorizations approved (AIH), total AIH value (R$), average AIH value (R$), and average value hospitalizations (R$). Was used the joinpoint regression model to calculate the Annual Percentage Change (APC) and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) with 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level. Results: Approximately 1.4 million hospitalizations were identified in Brazil, with a total cost of R$ 1.6 billion reais and an average of 1.1 thousand reais. The Southeast region stood out in the number of hospitalizations (n = 574399; 42.1%), approved AIH (n = 574625; 42.1%) and total amount (R $ 677,444,257.54; 43.4%). Throughout the time series, the number of hospitalizations increased by 52.3% and the number of approved AIH increased by 52.4%. The mean values of hospitalizations and AIH increased, respectively, 55.4% (AAPC: 3.9; CI: 3.2; 4.5) and 55.3% (AAPC: 3.9; CI: 3, 2; 4.5), while the total value of hospitalizations increased by 134.9% (AAPC 8.0; CI: 6.9; 9.1). Conclusions: There was an increase in variables related to hospitalization and stroke costs in the elderly in Brazil.

scholarly journals An Examination of Tropical Cyclone Position, Intensity, and Intensity Life Cycle within Atmospheric Reanalysis Datasets

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 3453-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Schenkel ◽  
Robert E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
The North ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract The following study examines the position and intensity differences of tropical cyclones (TCs) among the Best-Track and five atmospheric reanalysis datasets to evaluate the degree to which reanalyses are appropriate for studying TCs. While significant differences are found in both reanalysis TC intensity and position, the representation of TC intensity within reanalyses is found to be most problematic owing to its underestimation beyond what can be attributed solely to the coarse grid resolution. Moreover, the mean life cycle of normalized TC intensity within reanalyses reveals an underestimation of both prepeak intensification rates as well as a delay in peak intensity relative to the Best-Track. These discrepancies between Best-Track and reanalysis TC intensity and position can further be described through correlations with such parameters as Best-Track TC age, Best-Track TC intensity, Best-Track TC location, and the extended Best-Track TC size. Specifically, TC position differences within the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40), ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-I), and Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) exhibit statistically significant correlations (0.27 ≤ R ≤ 0.38) with the proximity of TCs to observation dense areas in the North Atlantic (NATL) and western North Pacific (WPAC). Reanalysis TC intensity is found to be most strongly correlated with Best-Track TC size (0.53 ≤ R ≤ 0.70 for maximum 10-m wind speed; −0.71 ≤ R ≤ −0.53 for minimum mean sea level pressure) while exhibiting smaller, yet significant, correlations with Best-Track TC age, Best-Track TC intensity, and Best-Track TC latitude. Of the three basins examined, the eastern North Pacific (EPAC) has the largest reanalysis TC position differences and weakest intensities possibly due to a relative dearth of observations, the strong nearby terrain gradient, and the movement of TCs away from the most observation dense portion of the basin over time. The smaller mean Best-Track size and shorter mean lifespan of Best-Track EPAC TCs may also yield weaker reanalysis TC intensities. Of the five reanalyses, the smaller position differences and stronger intensities found in the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) are attributed to the use of vortex relocation and TC wind profile retrievals, respectively. The discrepancies in TC position between the Best-Track and reanalyses combined with the muted magnitude of TC intensity and its partially nonphysical life cycle within reanalyses suggests that caution should be exercised when utilizing these datasets for studies that rely either on TC intensity (raw or normalized) or track. Finally, several cases of nonphysical TC structure also argue that further work is needed to improve TC representation while implying that studies focusing solely on TC intensity and track do not necessarily extend to other aspects of TC representation.

scholarly journals Identification and Climatology of Southern Hemisphere Mobile Fronts in a Modern Reanalysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Simmonds ◽  
Kevin Keay ◽  
John Arthur Tristram Bye
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Latitude Belt ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Semiannual Variation ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Presented here is an objective approach to identify, characterize, and track Southern Hemisphere mobile fronts in hemispheric analyses of relatively modest resolution, such as reanalyses. Among the principles in its design were that it should be based on broadscale synoptic considerations and be as simple and easily understood as possible. The resulting Eulerian scheme has been applied to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA)–Interim and a climatology of frontal characteristics, at both the 10-m and 850-hPa levels, derived for the period 1 January 1989–28 February 2009. The knowledge of the character of these features is central to understanding weather and climate over the hemisphere. In both summer and winter the latitude belt 40°–60°S hosts the highest frequency of frontal points, but there are significant zonal asymmetries within this band. The climatology reveals that the longest fronts are in the Indian Ocean where mean lengths exceed 2000 km. The mean frontal intensity over the hemisphere tends to be greater at 850 hPa than at 10 m, and greater in winter than in summer. The frontal intensity also shows its maximum in the Indian Ocean. In the mean, the meridional tilt of these fronts is northwest–southeast over much of the midlatitudes and subtropics, and increases with latitude toward the equator. The tilts are of overwhelmingly opposite sign in the coastal Antarctic and subantarctic regions. Broadly speaking, the number of fronts and their mean length and mean intensity exhibit maxima in winter in the midlatitudes (30°–50°S), but show a sizeable semiannual variation (maxima in fall and spring) during the year at higher latitudes.

scholarly journals Desempenho muscular isocinético dos ombros em atletas de rúgbi

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 26555
Author(s):  
Gerson Saciloto Tadiello ◽  
Luiza Helena Brandelli A. dos Santos ◽  
Taise Andreis Scopel ◽  
Bruno Soldatelli Zardo ◽  
Vinícius Mazzochi Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
The Mean

*** Isokinetic muscle performance of shoulders in rugby athletes ***AIMS: To verify the existence of shoulder external and internal rotator muscle asymmetries in male amateur rugby athletes.METHODS: Isokinetic evaluations of male amateur rugby athletes were accessed from the database of the Institute for Sports Medicine and Applied Sciences in Human Movement of Universidade de Caxias do Sul (IME-UCS). Shoulders evaluated were included in the study, whereas those cases without a free and informed consent form signed prior to the test were excluded. The isokinetic dynamometer was used in a concentric-concentric mode for the shoulder external and internal rotators at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. The peak torque and the external to internal rotator ratio were analyzed. Student’s t test and a significance level of <0.05 were used to verify the existence of asymmetries between the two sides of the same individual.RESULTS: Data from 12 male athletes were analyzed. Regarding the peak torque at the angular velocity of 60º/s, the mean muscle strength values of the dominant limb were significantly higher when compared to non-dominant limb: external rotators, 43.35±4.72 Nm for the dominant limb vs 38.92±4.22 Nm for the non-dominant limb (p=0.0012); internal rotators, 65.58±11.88 Nm for the dominant limb vs 61.69±11.98 Nm for the non-dominant limb (p=0.0021). At 180º/s, the mean values of the non-dominant limb tended to be lower when compared to the dominant limb, without statistical significance. Regarding the mean values of the external to internal rotator ratio, no significant differences were found at any of the angular velocities analyzed.CONCLUSIONS: Amateur rugby athletes showed lower muscle strength of the non-dominant limb when compared to the dominant limb in the peak torque measurements. This difference was not found in other studies with rugby athletes, and we believe that this result is justified by the lack of more frequent and adequate training of these amateur athletes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document