scholarly journals Assessing Water Withdrawals in Scarce-Data Transboundary Areas by Use of Dynamic Precipitation–Flow Relationships: The Case of the Hasbani River Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Isabella Shentsis ◽  
Eliahu Rosenthal ◽  
Akiva Flexer ◽  
Nimrod Inbar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Dynamic Precipitation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
Entire Lake ◽  
Transboundary Basins ◽  
Scarce Data

The present study proposes a nonstandard solution to the problem of assessing water withdrawals (AWW) in the scarce-data transboundary basin. The applied AWW method operates with the open-source available data on precipitation and river flow and thereby overcomes the usual restriction due to lack of data on shared water use in the Middle East. Analysis of dynamic precipitation-flow relationships enable to separate the effect of water withdrawals from the total decline of river flow under the decreasing precipitation. This study is the first which provides complete information (1972–2020) on water withdrawals from total, surface, and base flow of the Hasbani River (Lebanon). The resulting values that exceed by far earlier published estimates were confirmed by (i) indirect indices (area of irrigated land and population), and (ii) validation of the AWW method based on independent data on water use (Israel Water Authority). The study results are useful for water balance estimations, as well as for management of water resources in the Jordan River headwaters basin and in the entire Lake Kinneret Basin. The AWW method can be applied to other transboundary basins and enables historical and real-time monitoring of water withdrawals as a necessary database for settlement of riparian water relations.

scholarly journals Global-scale analysis of river flow alterations due to water withdrawals and reservoirs

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 4773-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Döll ◽  
K. Fiedler ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Water Withdrawals

Abstract. Global-scale information on natural river flows and anthropogenic river flow alterations is required to identify areas where aqueous ecosystems are expected to be strongly degraded. Such information can support the identification of environmental flow guidelines and a sustainable water management that balances the water demands of humans and ecosystems. This study presents the first global assessment of the anthropogenic alteration of river flow regimes by water withdrawals and dams, focusing in particular on the change of flow variability. Six ecologically relevant flow indicators were quantified using an improved version of the global water model WaterGAP. WaterGAP simulated, with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degree, river discharge as affected by human water withdrawals and dams, as well as naturalized discharge without this type of human interference. Mainly due to irrigation, long-term average river discharge and statistical low flow Q90 (monthly river discharge that is exceeded in 9 out of 10 months) have decreased by more than 10% on one sixth and one quarter of the global land area (excluding Antarctica and Greenland), respectively. Q90 has increased significantly on only 5% of the land area, downstream of reservoirs. Due to both water withdrawals and dams, seasonal flow amplitude has decreased significantly on one sixth of the land area, while interannual variability has increased on one quarter of the land area mainly due to irrigation. It has decreased on only 8% of the land area, in areas with little consumptive water use that are downstream of dams. Areas most affected by anthropogenic river flow alterations are the western and central USA, Mexico, the western coast of South America, the Mediterranean rim, Southern Africa, the semi-arid and arid countries of the Near East and Western Asia, Pakistan and India, Northern China and the Australian Murray-Darling Basin, as well as some Arctic rivers. Due to a large number of uncertainties related e.g. to the estimation of water use and reservoir operation rules, the analysis is expected to provide only first estimates of river flow alterations that should be refined in the future.

scholarly journals Global-scale analysis of river flow alterations due to water withdrawals and reservoirs

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2413-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Döll ◽  
K. Fiedler ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Global-scale information on natural river flows and anthropogenic river flow alterations is required to identify areas where aqueous ecosystems are expected to be strongly degraded. Such information can support the identification of environmental flow guidelines and a sustainable water management that balances the water demands of humans and ecosystems. This study presents the first global assessment of the anthropogenic alteration of river flow regimes, in particular of flow variability, by water withdrawals and dams/reservoirs. Six ecologically relevant flow indicators were quantified using an improved version of the global water model WaterGAP. WaterGAP simulated, with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degree, river discharge as affected by human water withdrawals and dams around the year 2000, as well as naturalized discharge without this type of human interference. Compared to naturalized conditions, long-term average global discharge into oceans and internal sinks has decreased by 2.7% due to water withdrawals, and by 0.8% due to dams. Mainly due to irrigation, long-term average river discharge and statistical low flow Q90 (monthly river discharge that is exceeded in 9 out of 10 months) have decreased by more than 10% on one sixth and one quarter of the global land area (excluding Antarctica and Greenland), respectively. Q90 has increased significantly on only 5% of the land area, downstream of reservoirs. Due to both water withdrawals and reservoirs, seasonal flow amplitude has decreased significantly on one sixth of the land area, while interannual variability has increased on one quarter of the land area mainly due to irrigation. It has decreased on only 8% of the land area, in areas downstream of reservoirs where consumptive water use is low. The impact of reservoirs is likely underestimated by our study as small reservoirs are not taken into account. Areas most affected by anthropogenic river flow alterations are the Western and Central USA, Mexico, the western coast of South America, the Mediterranean rim, Southern Africa, the semi-arid and arid countries of the Near East and Western Asia, Pakistan and India, Northern China and the Australian Murray-Darling Basin, as well as some Arctic rivers. Due to a large number of uncertainties related e.g. to the estimation of water use and reservoir operation rules, the analysis is expected to provide only first estimates of river flow alterations that should be refined in the future.

scholarly journals Relationships of Hydrological Seasons in Rivers and Groundwaters in Selected Catchments in Poland

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tomalski ◽  
Edmund Tomaszewski ◽  
Dariusz Wrzesiński ◽  
Leszek Sobkowiak
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Mixed Types

The study applied the method of hydrological season identification in a time series of river total and base flows and in groundwater levels. The analysis covered a series of daily measurements from the period 2008–2017 in nine catchments located in different geographical regions of Poland. The basis of the classification of hydrological seasons, previously applied for river discharges only, was the transformation of the original variables into a series reflecting three statistical features estimated for single-name days of a year from a multiyear: average value, variation coefficient, and autocorrelation coefficient. New variables were standardized and after hierarchical clustering, every day of a year had a defined type, valorizing three features which refer to quantity, variability, and the stochastic nature of total and base river flow as well as groundwater stage. Finally, sequences of days were grouped into basic (homogenous) seasons of different types and transitional seasons including mixed types of days. Analysis indicated determinants of types, length, and frequency of identified hydrological seasons especially related to river regime, hydrogeological and hydrometeorological conditions as well as physiographical background were directly influenced by geographical location. Analysis of the co-occurrence of the same types of hydrological seasons allowed, in some catchments, periods of synchronic alimentation (groundwater and base flow, mainly in the cold half-year) and water shortages (all three components, mainly in the warm half-year) to be identified.

scholarly journals Video blog as a new channel of socialization of children: the question of the interpretation of the concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 550-558
Author(s):  
Evgenia E. Abrosimova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Video Blogging ◽  
Potential Opportunity

The aim of the article is to address the socialization processes of modern children and adolescents, in the context of the characteristics of the information society and the constant presence of the Internet in their lives. A new but emerging phenomenon is emerging, video blogging, which is part of Internet socialization. The main characteristic of this phenomenon is the potential opportunity that children and adolescents have to create an independent video blogging process, which affects the socialization process in general. The empirical data were collected using quantitative and qualitative sociological methods: survey and interview with children. The combination of these methods provides more complete information to understand the problem. The main result of this study is the evidence that around 30% of children and adolescents are not only viewers of videoblogs, they not only consume the information disseminated by this part of the global network, but also become independent authors of videoblogs. The study results reflect the fact that many children's authors try to imitate their favorite video bloggers. Young Internet users perceive the process of creating a video blog as a certain type of creativity.

scholarly journals Modelling of base flows by analysing the streamflow hydrograph

2012 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Vesna Djukic ◽  
Vladislava Mihailovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Water Quality Protection ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Aquifer Characteristics ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Base Flows

During dry periods, the flow of medium and small streams is significantly reduced and equal to groundwater flow. Since the base flows provide information about aquifer characteristics and retention characteristics of a basin, the possibilities of analysis and simulation of base flows gain importance under the conditions of intensive water use and the increasing demand for adequate water quality protection. In this paper, a model was established and used for the description of the principles governing the changes of base runoff on the basis of a streamflow hydrograph registered at the outlet of the basin on the example of the Kolubara basin up to the ?Valjevo? profile. Since the amount of base runoff from a basin cannot be measured, the results of base flows obtained using the local minimum method were adopted as the criterion for the comparison of the modelled values of base runoffs. The created model was applied for making simulations of the base runoff hydrograph during three characteristic years (rainy 1970, average 1985, and dry 1990). Deviations between the base flow values obtained using the established model and by applying the local minimum method are acceptable from the standpoint of general hydrological accuracy.

Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Tropical Island

<em>Abstract.</em> —Freshwater tropical island environments support a variety of fishes that provide cultural, economic, and ecological services for humans but receive limited scientific, conservation, and public attention. Puerto Rico is a Caribbean tropical island that may serve as a model to illustrate the interactions between humans and natural resources in such complex ecosystems. The native freshwater fish assemblage of Puerto Rico is distinct from mainland assemblages in that the assemblage is not diverse, all species are diadromous, and they may be exploited at multiple life stages (e.g., postlarva, juvenile, adult). Primary large-scale drivers of recent water-use policy include economic growth, human population density, and urbanization, with climate change as an overarching influence. Watershed and riparian land use, water quality, river flow and instream physical habitat, river habitat connectivity, exotic species, and aquatic resource exploitation are important proximate factors affecting the ecosystem and fisheries. Research on ecological processes and components of the stream and river fish assemblages has expanded the knowledge base in the past decade with the goal of providing critical information for guiding the conservation and management of the lotic resource to optimize ecosystem function and services. The greatest challenge facing Caribbean island society is developing policies that balance the needs for human water use and associated activities with maintaining aquatic biodiversity, ecological integrity and services, and sustainable fisheries. Achieving this goal will require broad cooperation and sustained commitment among public officials, agency administrators, biologists, and the public toward effective resource management.

scholarly journals Study reporting quality among interventions to reduce antibiotic use is a barrier to evidence-informed policymaking on antimicrobial resistance: systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rogers Van Katwyk ◽  
J M Grimshaw ◽  
M Nkangu ◽  
M Mendelson ◽  
M Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
System Level ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Countries are currently seeking evidence-informed policy options to address antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While rigorous evaluations of AMR interventions are the ideal, they are far from the current reality. Additionally, poor reporting and documentation of AMR interventions impede efforts to use evidence to inform future evaluations and policy interventions. Objectives To critically evaluate reporting quality gaps in AMR intervention research. Methods To evaluate the reporting quality of studies, we conducted a descriptive synthesis and comparative analysis of studies that were included in a recent systematic review of government policy interventions aiming to reduce human antimicrobial use. Reporting quality was assessed using the SQUIRE 2.0 checklist of 18 items for reporting system-level interventions to improve healthcare. Two reviewers independently applied the checklist to 66 studies identified in the systematic review. Results None of the studies included complete information on all 18 SQUIRE items (median score = 10, IQR = 8–11). Reporting quality varied across SQUIRE items, with 3% to 100% of studies reporting the recommended information for each SQUIRE item. Only 20% of studies reported the elements of the intervention in sufficient detail for replication and only 24% reported the mechanism through which the intervention was expected to work. Conclusions Gaps in the reporting of impact evaluations pose challenges for interpreting and replicating study results. Failure to improve reporting practice of policy evaluations is likely to impede efforts to tackle the growing health, social and economic threats posed by AMR.

Lake Michigan Water Resources Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Sheng ◽  
George Nnanna ◽  
Chandramouli Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
North West ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
Use Categories

This paper contains an analysis of withdrawal data for North West Indiana to compute consumptive-use coefficients and to describe monthly variability of withdrawals and consumptive use. Concurrent data were available for most water-use categories from 1990 through 2008. Average monthly water withdrawals are discussed for a variety of water-use categories, and average water use per month is depicted graphically. Water quality analysis is presented and historic water quality data of Northwest Indiana, (Lake, Porter and LaPort Counties) were downloaded from USEPA website and they were examined for the trends in different water quality constituents. Individual station based analysis and regional analysis were conducted using MK Test. Water quality data indicated an improvement trend. Water withdrawals data were analyzed using regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The ANN model performed a better forecasting while compared to a linear regression model. For most water-use categories, the summer months were those of highest withdrawal and highest consumptive use. For public supply, average monthly withdrawals ranged from 2,193 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) (February) to 3,092 Mgal/d (July). North West Indiana energy production had large increases in average monthly withdrawals in the summer months (17,551 Mgal/d in February to 26,236 Mgal/d in July, possibly because of increased electricity production in the summer, a need for additional cooling-water withdrawals when intake-water temperature is high, or use of different types of cooling methods during different times of the year. Average industrial withdrawals ranged from 31,553 Mgal/d (February) to 36,934 Mgal/d (August). The North West Indiana irrigation data showed that most withdrawals were in May through October for golf courses, nurseries, and crop irrigation. Miscellaneous water withdrawals ranged from 12.2 Mgal/d (January) to 416.3 Mgal/d (October), commercial facilities that have high water demand in Indiana are medical facilities, schools, amusement facilities, wildlife facilities, large stores, colleges, correctional institutions, and national security facilities. Consumptive use and consumptive-use coefficients were computed by two principal methods in this study: the return-flow and withdrawal method and the winter-base-rate method (WBR). The WBR method was not suitable for the industrial and miscellaneous water-use categories. The RW method was not used for public-supply facilities. The public-supply annual average consumptive-use coefficient derived by use of the WBR methods is 8 percent from 1990 to 2008 for North West Indiana; the summer average consumptive-use coefficient was considerably higher with the amount of 20 percent. The energy production annual consumptive-use coefficient was 13 percent by the WBR method, which increased to 28 percent for summer. In terms of maximum accuracy and minimal uncertainty, use of available withdrawal, return-flow, and consumptive-use data reported by facilities and data estimated from similar facilities are preferable over estimates based on data for a particular water-use category or groups of water-use categories. If monthly withdrawal, return flow, and consumptive use data are few and limited, monthly patterns described in this report may be used as a basis of estimation, but the level of uncertainty may be a greater than for the other estimation methods.

scholarly journals Quantification of Temporal Variations in Base Flow Index Using Sporadic River Data: Application to the Bua Catchment, Malawi

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kelly ◽  
Robert M. Kalin ◽  
Douglas Bertram ◽  
Modesta Kanjaye ◽  
Macpherson Nkhata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Base Flow Index ◽  
Long Term Trends

This study investigated how sporadic river datasets could be used to quantify temporal variations in the base flow index (BFI). The BFI represents the baseflow component of river flow which is often used as a proxy indicator for groundwater discharge to a river. The Bua catchment in Malawi was used as a case study, whereby the smoothed minima method was applied to river flow data from six gauges (ranging from 1953 to 2009) and the Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test was used to identify trends in BFI. The results showed that baseflow plays an important role within the catchment. Average annual BFIs > 0.74 were found for gauges in the lower reaches of the catchment, in contrast to lower BFIs < 0.54 which were found for gauges in the higher reaches. Minimal difference between annual and wet season BFI was observed, however dry season BFI was >0.94 across all gauges indicating the importance of baseflow in maintaining any dry season flows. Long term trends were identified in the annual and wet season BFI, but no evidence of a trend was found in the dry season BFI. Sustainable management of the investigated catchment should, therefore, account for the temporal variations in baseflow, with special regard to water resources allocation within the region and consideration in future scheme appraisals aimed at developing water resources. Further, this demonstration of how to work with sporadic river data to investigate baseflow serves as an important example for other catchments faced with similar challenges.

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