scholarly journals Effects of Prometryn Exposure Scenarios on Microcystis aeruginosa Growth and Water Qualities in Incubator Experiments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Zhenjiang Yang ◽  
Suiliang Huang ◽  
Xiaowen Huang ◽  
Xiaofu Liang ◽  
Waseem Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Exposure Pattern ◽  
Significant Factors

Although multiple herbicide exposures are more prospective to occur in water, many previous studies were carried out as single herbicide exposure. To investigate the toxic effect of prometryn on cyanobacteria and water qualities, single and double prometryn exposures (at different growth phases) on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients were compared after a 44-day experiment. Results indicated that under single exposure, maximum inhibition rates were 4.7–12.0% higher than those under double exposures. Correspondingly, the maximum Microcystis aeruginosa densities and growth rates under single exposure were 10.3–21.1% and 19.5–37.7% lower than those under double exposures (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings revealed that repeated prometryn exposures resulted in a reduction in biological effects, because the time of application and the concentration injected during the first application were both significant factors in the biological effects of prometryn. Prometryn exposure scenarios did not have a significant effect on nutrient or nutrient consumption concentrations (p > 0.05). In general, the pattern of nutrient limitation showed a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation. The quantified relationships between Microcystis aeruginosa growth rates and consumed nutrients were studied. Based on the above findings, we believe that a high-dose and single prometryn exposure is a more effective exposure pattern for limiting cyanobacteria growth.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa under electromagnetic radiation exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Tang ◽  
Ziyan Zhang ◽  
Shen Tian ◽  
Peng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Potential Threat

AbstractElectromagnetic radiation is an important environmental factor. It has a potential threat to public health and ecological environment. However, the mechanism by which electromagnetic radiation exerts these biological effects remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Microcystis aeruginosa under electromagnetic radiation (1.8 GHz, 40 V/m) was studied by using transcriptomics. A total of 306 differentially expressed genes, including 121 upregulated and 185 downregulated genes, were obtained in this study. The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways, indicating that electromagnetic radiation may inhibit protein synthesis and affect cyanobacterial energy metabolism and photosynthesis. The total ATP synthase activity and ATP content significantly increased, whereas H+K+-ATPase activity showed no significant changes. Our results suggest that the energy metabolism pathway may respond positively to electromagnetic radiation. In the future, systematic studies on the effects of electromagnetic radiation based on different intensities, frequencies, and exposure times are warranted; to deeply understand and reveal the target and mechanism of action of electromagnetic exposure on organisms.

Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin Gene Expression in Human Endometrial Cancer Cell Line Ishikawa

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryou Misao ◽  
Yoshihito Nakanishi ◽  
Jiro Fujimoto ◽  
Teruhiko Tamaya
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endometrial Cancer Cell ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin

The effect of progestins on intracellular corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) mRNA expression in an endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) was examined in an attempt to understand the biological effects of high-dose progestins in the treatment of well-differentiated uterine endometrial cancers. Oestradiol-17β (E2) significantly increased CBG mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, while a high dose of progesterone with or without E2 suppressed it significantly. Furthermore, a high dose of progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) suppressed CBG mRNA expression to a greater degree than did chlormadinone acetate or 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate with or without E2. These findings suggest that the effects of high-dose progestins on cancer cells may be mediated via suppression of intracellular CBG.

Abrogation of the Hematological and Biological Activities of the Interleukin-3/Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Fusion Protein PIXY321 by Neutralizing Anti-PIXY321 Antibodies in Cancer Patients Receiving High-Dose Carboplatin

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3250-3258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langdon L. Miller ◽  
Edward L. Korn ◽  
Diane S. Stevens ◽  
John E. Janik ◽  
Barry L. Gause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

This dose-escalation study was performed to evaluate the hematologic activity, biological effects, immunogenicity, and toxicity of PIXY321 (an interleukin-3/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fusion protein) administered after high-dose carboplatin (CBDCA) treatment. Patients with advanced cancers received CBDCA at 800 mg/m2 intravenously on day 0 of repeated 28-day cycles. In part A of the study, patients were treated with CBDCA alone during cycle 1 and then received PIXY321 on days 1 through 18 of cycle 2 and later cycles. In part B, patients received 18 days of PIXY321 beginning on day 1 of all CBDCA cycles, including cycle 1. PIXY321 was administered subcutaneously in 2 divided doses. Total doses of 135, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 μg/m2/d were administered to successive cohorts of 3 to 6 patients in part A. In part B, patient groups received PIXY321 doses of 750, 1,000, and 1,250 μg/m2/d. The hematologic effects of PIXY321 were assessed in the first 2 cycles of therapy. Anti-PIXY321 antibody formation was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization assay. Of the 49 patients enrolled, 31 were fully evaluable for hematologic efficacy. When comparing the first B cycle (cycle B-1; with PIXY321) with the first A cycle (cycle A-1; without PIXY321), the fusion protein had no significant effect on platelet nadirs or duration of platelets less than 20,000/μL but was able to speed the time of recovery of platelet counts to 100,000/μL (15v 20 days; P = .01). Significant improvements in neutrophil nadir and duration of ANC less than 500 were observed in cycles A-2 and B-1 (with PIXY321) as compared with cycle A-1 (without PIXY321). Initial PIXY321 prophylaxis (cycle A-2 and cycle B-1), enhanced the recovery of ANC to greater than 1,500/μL by an average of at least 8 days as compared with cycle A-1 (without PIXY321;P ≤ .004). However, positive PIXY321 hematologic effects were lost in the second course of PIXY321 among patients treated in part B. ELISA analysis showed that 92% of patients had developed neutralizing anti-PIXY321 antibodies by the completion of 2 PIXY321-containing cycles. The incidental action of PIXY321 to depress serum cholesterol levels was also abrogated during cycle B-2. We conclude that PIXY321 was active in speeding hematologic recovery but that neutralizing anti-PIXY321 antibody formation suppressed the hematologic and biochemical effects by the second cycle of PIXY321 administration. The immunogenicity of this fusion protein provides a cautionary warning that clinical development of bioengineered human molecules requires thorough testing for immune neutralization.

scholarly journals The Effect of High-Dose-Rate Pulsed Radiation on the Survival of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cells

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Shingo Terashima ◽  
Hironori Yoshino ◽  
Yoshikazu Kuwahara ◽  
Hiro Sakuraba ◽  
Yoichiro Hosokawa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cell Line Cell ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

We demonstrated that low dose pulsed radiation (0.25 Gy) at a high-dose-rate, even for very short intervals (10 s), decreases cell survival to a greater extent than single exposure to a similar total dose and dose rate. The objective of this study was to clarify whether high-dose-rate pulsed radiation is effective against SAS-R, a clinically relevant radioresistant cell line. Cell survival following high-dose-rate pulsed radiation was evaluated via a colony assay. Flow cytometry was utilized to evaluate γH2AX, a molecular marker of DNA double-strand breaks and delayed reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with radiation-induced apoptosis. Increased cytotoxicity was observed in SAS-R and parent SAS cells in response to high dose rate pulsed radiation compared to single dose, as determined by colony assays. Residual γH2AX in both cells subjected to high-dose-rate pulsed radiation showed a tendency to increase, with a significant increase observed in SAS cells at 72 h. In addition, high-dose-rate pulsed radiation increased delayed ROS more than the single exposure did. These results indicate that high-dose-rate pulsed radiation was associated with residual γH2AX and delayed ROS, and high-dose-rate pulsed radiation may be used as an effective radiotherapy procedure against radioresistant cells.

Inorganic Content of Cotton Dusts, Trash, and Bracts

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Fornes ◽  
R. D. Gilbert ◽  
Preston Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Inorganic Content ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Significant Factors

The exact etiological agents responsible for the biological effects of cotton dust are unidentified, but most investigators believe they are organic in nature. Inorganic compounds have not been considered as significant factors. However, cotton dusts, trash, and bracts have high inorganic contents (7–43% ash), as reported here; more importantly, aqueous extracts of the trash and bracts have inorganic contents as high as 65%, which means a significant amount (10–36%) of the inorganic compounds in trash or bract is water extractable. Elements present in the ash include: N2, Cl2, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, S, and O2. KCl and K2SO4 have been definitively identified. It is suggested that greater attention should be given to the inorganic nature of cotton dust in the etiology of byssinosis.

scholarly journals Chromium acetate stimulates adipogenesis through regulation of gene expression and phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in bovine intramuscular or subcutaneous adipocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongkyoo Kim ◽  
Kiyong Chung ◽  
Bradley J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Chromium Acetate

Objective: We hypothesized that Cr source can alter adipogenic-related transcriptional regulations and cell signaling. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the biological effects of chromium acetate (CrAc) on bovine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells.Methods: Bovine preadipocytes isolated from two different adipose tissue depots; IM and SC were used to evaluate the effect of CrAc treatment during differentiation on adipogenic gene expression. Adipocytes were incubated with various doses of CrAc: 0 (differentiation media only, control), 0.1, 1, and 10 μM. Cells were harvested and then analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to measure the quantity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (<i>AMPK-α</i>), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-β (<i>C/EBPβ</i>), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (<i>GPR41</i>), <i>GPR43</i>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (<i>PPARγ</i>), and stearoyl CoA desaturase (<i>SCD</i>) mRNA relative to ribosomal protein subunit 9 (<i>RPS9</i>). The ratio of phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK) to AMPK was determined using a western blot technique in order to determine changing concentration.Results: The high dose (10 μM) of CrAc increased <i>C/EBPβ</i>, in both IM (p = 0.02) and SC (p = 0.02). Expression of <i>PPARγ</i> was upregulated by 10 μM of CrAc in IM but not in SC. Expression of <i>SCD</i> was also increased in both IM and SC with 10 μM of CrAc treatment. Addition of CrAc did not alter gene expression of glucose transporter 4, <i>GPR41</i>, or <i>GPR43</i> in both IM and SC adipocytes. Addition of CrAc, resulted in a decreased pAMPKα to AMPKα ration (p<0.01) in IM.Conclusion: These data may indicate that Cr source may influence lipid filling in IM adipocytes via inhibitory action of AMPK phosphorylation and upregulating expression of adipogenic genes.

Principles of chemotherapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Cassidy ◽  
Donald Bissett ◽  
Roy A. J. Spence OBE ◽  
Miranda Payne ◽  
Gareth Morris-Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Intraoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽  
Radical Treatment

Principles of radiation oncology outlines the physical and biological effects of ionising radiation, and its use in clinical oncology. Radiobiology, examining the response of tissue to ionising radiation, is described with regards to normal and malignant tissues. The effect of fractionation, the delivery of radiotherapy in a series of repeated exposures, is examined. The damaging effects on normal tissues are considered, particularly nonreversible late effects including carcinogenesis. Therapeutic exposure to ionising radiation is contrasted between radical and palliative radiotherapy. The physical properties of ionising radiation beams are described for superficial x-rays, megavoltage x-rays, and electrons. The process of treatment planning is summarised through beam dosimetry, target and critical organ outlining, dose planning, treatment verification, prescription and delivery. Computerised tomography is used for outlining and for verification, using cone beam CT. 0ther methods for image guided radiotherapy include fiducial markers. Increasingly intensity modulated radiotherapy is proving beneficial in reducing normal tissue damage during radical treatment. Stereotactic radiotherapy is used in the radical treatment of small unresectable malignancies. The clinical use of electron therapy, brachytherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy is described. Nuclear medicine uses unsealed radionuclides in imaging primary malignancies and their metastases, and in targeted radiotherapy. Examples include PET scanning, bone scanning, and radio iodine therapy. Whole body irradiation is used to improve outcomes after high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell or bone marrow transplantation.

The balance of pro-inflammatory and trophic factors in multiple sclerosis patients: effects of acute relapse and immunomodulatory treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Lindquist ◽  
Sarah Hassinger ◽  
Jonathan A Lindquist ◽  
Michael Sailer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Immunomodulatory Treatment ◽  
Class I Mhc ◽  
Acute Relapse ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: In multiple sclerosis inflammation is primarily injurious to the central nervous system, but its therapeutic suppression might inhibit repair-promoting factors. Objectives: We aimed at better describing the complexity of biological effects during an acute relapse and analysed the effects of intervention with high-dose i.v. glucocorticoids and immunomodulatory treatment with interferon-beta (IFNβ). Methods: We studied the intracellular expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) together with the neurotrophins ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients during an acute relapse, after intervention with i.v. methylprednisolone and at baseline, using a highly quantitative flow-cytometric approach. Results: We demonstrated the expression of CNTF in human leucocytes. We showed that CNTF levels differed in acutely relapsing multiple sclerosis patients compared with controls and increased after corticosteroid treatment. CNTF can counteract the toxicity of TNFα towards oligodendrocytes and we found TNFα increased during acute relapses. Following corticosteroids, neither TNFα nor iNOS expression was reduced. Levels of BDNF were not affected by glucocorticoids, but increased during IFNβ therapy. However, IFNβ also increased the expression of iNOS and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), underlining its immunomodulatory potential. Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis patients might benefit from reparative, and not solely from anti-inflammatory, effects of glucocorticoids. Interactive effects of glucocorticoid- and IFNβ-treatment need to be considered to improve neuroprotection and remyelination resulting from immunomodulatory treatment.

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