scholarly journals Assessing the Removal of Arsenite and Arsenate Mixtures from the Synthetic Bangladesh Groundwater (SBGW) Using Combined Fe(VI)/Fe(III) Treatments and Local Regression Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Javier Quino-Favero ◽  
Raúl Eyzaguirre Perez ◽  
Patricia Prieto Veramendi ◽  
Paloma Mogrovejo García ◽  
Lisveth Flores del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Inorganic Pollutant ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Health Organization

Arsenic is an inorganic pollutant that, depending on oxidation–reduction and pH level conditions, may be found in natural waters in two variants: As(III) and As(V). Any treatment to effectively remove arsenic from water will be conditioned by the presence of one or both variants. In this context, this study assesses using electrochemically produced Fe(VI) with Fe(III) to remove As(III), As(V), and their combinations from the Synthetic Bangladesh Groundwater (SBGW) containing anions that interfere with iron-based arsenic removal processes. The combined use of Fe(VI) and Fe(III) allowed us to remove the total arsenic below the 10 mg L−1 threshold established by the World Health Organization and Peruvian regulations for drinking water. An optimum combination of 1 mg L−1 of Fe(VI) and 30 mg L−1 of Fe(III) was identified and tested on the removal of four different proportions of As(III):As(V) for two total concentrations: 500 and 250 mg L−1. There were no significant differences in the final removal values under the different proportions of As(III):As(V) for each total concentration, with a final removal average of 99.0% and 96.9% for the 500 and 250 µg L−1 concentrations, respectively.

As(III) Removal by Dynamic Adsorption onto Amberlite XAD7 Functionalized with Crown Ether and Doped with Fe(III) Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330-2334
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ciopec ◽  
Adina Negrea ◽  
Narcis Duteanu ◽  
Corneliu Mircea Davidescu ◽  
Iosif Hulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

Arsenic content in groundwater�s present a wide range of concentration, ranging from hundreds of micrograms to thousands of micrograms of arsenic per litter, while the maximum permitted arsenic concentration established by World Health Organization (WHO) is 10 mg L-1. According to the WHO all people, regardless of their stage of development and their social economic condition, have the right to have access to adequate drinking water. The most efficient and economic technique used for arsenic removal is represented by adsorption. In order to make this remediation technique more affordable and environmentally friendly is important to new materials with advance adsorbent properties. Novelty of present paper is represented by the usage of a new adsorbent material obtained by physical - chemical modification of Amberlite XAD polymers using crown ethers followed by iron doping, due to well-known affinity of arsenic for iron ions. Present paper aims to test the obtained modified Amberlite polymer for arsenic removal from real groundwater by using adsorption in a fixed bed column, establishing in this way a mechanism for the adsorption process. During experimental work was studied the influence of competing ions from real water into the arsenic adsorption process.

Diuretic Drug Utilization Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Jaime Torelló ◽  
José A Durán ◽  
María I Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Medicine Service ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The University

Objective: To evaluate the present use of diuretics in our institution, and determine the appropriateness of that use and the incidence of adverse reactions and interactions. Design: This retrospective study describes the indications for use of an identified drug or combination of drugs. By the time the data were collected, some patients had been discharged or had died. Setting: The study was carried out in a referral center, the University Hospital “Virgen Macarena,” Seville, Spain. Patients: All patients receiving diuretic therapy. Those undergoing hemodialysis or receiving home care were excluded from the study. Intervention: A therapeutic audit was performed using specific standards of reference. Two models were used — one for each of the most frequent indications, ascites and congestive heart failure (CHF). Main Outcome Measures: A structured protocol gathered data on (1) demographic characteristics, (2) causes of admission and pathologic antecedents, (3) diuretic treatment, (4) basic controls (24-h diuresis and daily basal weight), (5) clinical evolution, and (6) concurrent complementary studies. The protocol included a checklist of the most frequent adverse drug reactions and interactions whose degree of causality was determined by applying the modified algorithm of Karch-Lasagna, used in the World Health Organization voluntary reporting system of adverse drug reactions. Results: One hundred twenty-six patients (16% of total admissions) received diuretic therapy. Of these, 71% were analyzed; information in the medical records was incomplete for the rest (29%). Fifty-one percent of the patients were more than 60 years old. The most frequent admission diagnoses were cardiovascular (51.5%), followed by digestive (16.7%) diseases. A total of 134 cardiac symptoms was seen in 50 patients. The most notable were acute pulmonary edema (26%), ischemic cardiopathy (12%), and cardiogenic shock (8%). Most patients receiving diuretic therapy (47.3%) were admitted to the internal medicine service. The most-prescribed diuretic was furosemide (59%), followed by spironolactone (27%). The combined use of furosemide and spironolactone occurred in all but 1 of the patients with hepatic ascites (92%), whereas in those with CHF the figure for the combined use of furosemide and spironolactone fell to 38% (p = 0.001). In 63% of the patients with ascites, the spironolactone dosage was changed in the first 48 hours of treatment. There was a high percentage of deaths (21%) in the study patients. Conclusions: Therapeutic strategy often does not follow the guidelines laid down in the standards of reference on diuretic use in serious CHF and/or ascites in this institution.

scholarly journals Arsenic Removal from Peruvian Drinking Water by Milk Protein Nanofibril-Carbon Filters: A Field Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenath Bolisetty ◽  
Akram Rahimi ◽  
Raffaele Mezzenga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Tap Water Quality ◽  
Health Organization

Tap water quality in Peru fails to meet the world health organization (WHO) drinking water standards; consequently, the local population in Peru has been exposed over the last years to...

Groundwater Treatment via Ozonation

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-225
Author(s):  
Nor Azliza Akbar ◽  
Zaidin Bin Matsin ◽  
Siti Fatihah Binti Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Inorganic Pollutant ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater is the source of drinking water that needs to be maintained from pollution. Groundwater pollution is a major problem caused by human activities that are invaluable to human health. When high levels of organic and inorganic substances do not exceed the standard of drinking water, various studies have been made by researchers to overcome the problem. Various alternatives such as in-situ and ex-situ treatment have been carried out to eliminate pollutants from groundwater. Among the treatment, ozone becomes a major alternative because of its effectiveness in treating raw water. Ozone treatment has several advantages such as disinfectants, oxidize of organic and inorganic pollutant, and remove taste and color from groundwater. The performance of ozonation process becomes better when combined with other treatments. Therefore, application of ozone can replace chlorine because of its good potential to improve quality of groundwater effluent and comply drinking water standard adopted by World Health Organization.

Artemether and imatinib combination therapy against malaria infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
A.V. Kondrashin ◽  
◽  
E.V. Stepanova ◽  
L.F. Morozova ◽  
V.P. Sergiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Telomerase Inhibitors ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Words Malaria

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first and second line of treatment for uncomplicated malaria caused by P. falciparum, as well as for chloroquine-resistant P. vivax malaria. Despite the large number of antimalarial drugs, there is no any ideal drug, since each individual combination of drugs or monotherapy have their own limitations, ranging from their triple (activity) in relation to certain forms of the development of Plasmodium in the human body, side effects, toxicity and resistance. During the course of the study carried out, the most promising compound-candidate was selected – imatinib, which is currently used as targeted therapy for a number of oncological diseases. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of imatinib and artemether in vivo studies on the human malarial model – the rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei. Dut to the optimally selected treatment scheme, it was possible to reduce the dosage of imatinib twice – to 0,25 mg/kg, and that of artemether three times – to 33 mg/kg. The use of this scheme made it possible to considerably reduce the toxic effect of these drugs due to the potentiation of antimalarial effect. Key words: malaria, drug resistance, telomerase inhibitors, imatinib, chemotherapy of malaria

Retrofitting arsenic-iron removal plants in rural Bangladesh for performance enhancement

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
Ingrid M. Sorensen ◽  
Edward A. McBean ◽  
Mujibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Who Guideline

As a result of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater, it is estimated that 42–60 million people in Bangladesh are exposed to arsenic at concentrations greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 10 μg/L. Arsenic-Iron Removal Plants (AIRPs) are capable of removing 50–90% of arsenic from groundwater, but are frequently unable to meet the WHO guideline. The effectiveness of three design modifications intended to improve the performance of AIRPs is described: (1) the addition of scrap or locally available iron to the filtration media, (2) raising the intake pipe that connects the two tanks of the AIRP, and (3) introducing baffles to the aeration tank. Total arsenic, iron, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen were measured to determine the impact of each modification. The addition of iron media showed an increase in arsenic removal up to 13%, while raising the pipe intake accounted for a 3% increase in arsenic removal. The installation of both modifications to the same AIRP is expected to reduce the lifetime body burden from drinking water by one-half. The addition of baffles to the aeration tank showed no evidence of improving the arsenic removal capabilities of the AIRP.

scholarly journals First step concerning improvement of arsenic removal by adapted Kanchan filters in the lowlands of Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 01-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Keywords Arsenic ◽  
Health Organization

In the Terai region of Nepal (the southern lowlands of the country) the arsenic concentration of extracted ground water used as drinking water frequently exceeds the actual World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guideline concentration of 10 μg/L. Single household filters (so called Kanchan filters) are employed to eliminate as from the well water. Being assembled to remove as utilizing zero-valent (ZVI) media, their efficiency was observed to vary to a high degree depending on design, ground water composition and the current operating conditions. Based on these concerns three field campaigns were organized in order to test ground water composition and filter handling on spot. This report depicts for the first time the results of this screening regarding removal efficiencies and clearly disclose future adaptation of the design and enhancement of the Kanchan filters uniquely used in Nepal. Removal efficiency varied between 5.81 % to 97.1 % depending on material, usage and mode of operation. The measurements of improvement include the replacement of nails and sand regularly; increasing the contact time between ground water and nails; preventing the nails from drying in order to maintain oxidizing settings; proper and regularly repeated instructions of the users. Keywords: Arsenic; Kanchan filters; Removal efficiency

scholarly journals Point-of-Use Water Filtration for Arsenic: A Sustainable and Simple Solution in Resource-Poor Settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Passman ◽  
Tyler J. White ◽  
Roger D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Health Organization

Lack of access to potable drinking water due to contamination from harmful metals is one of the most pressing public health issues globally. In areas close to mining and smelting operations, significant contamination from arsenic and other harmful metals can compound contamination from harmful microorganisms in drinking water. In response to this dual hazard, this study tests a prototype design of an improved point-of-use water filter for resource-poor areas and exposed populations. This project builds upon previous research that has demonstrated the effectiveness of clay pot filters impregnated with silver in reducing coliform bacteria. A compatible attachment comprised of activated charcoal in the form of bone char was added to the clay pot filter with the purpose of enabling the combined filter system to remove arsenic. The experiment tested the designed attachment with source water having an arsenic concentration of 500 parts per billion (ppb) to investigate the combined filter’s ability to reduce the arsenic to acceptable World Health Organization drinking water standards of 10 parts per billion or below. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the arsenic concentration to below the 10 ppb standard with the bone char attachment, as well as a decrease in the arsenic concentration with the clay pot filter alone. These results warrant further investigation into the potential for clay pot filters with a charcoal layer to reduce arsenic concentrations in drinking water and demonstrate a potential additional benefit in arsenic removal by utilizing inexpensive bone char material in conjunction with the clay pot filter.

scholarly journals Determination of Selected Heavy Metals in Tobacco Tree Shrubs Growing around Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. M. Kahara ◽  
J. Murungi ◽  
J. K. Kiptoo ◽  
G. Nyaga
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loading Path ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Health Organization

Environmental pollution by heavy metals is presently a serious threat to public health. Despite the toxic contaminants contained in municipal waste, most of the dumpsites remain unregulated and uncontrolled. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Pb, Cr and Cd in the leaves of tobacco tree plants growing around the dumpsite so as to assess their impact on the environment. The pseudo-total concentration of the metals in the soil was done so as to calculate the transfer factors.pH and total organic carbon (TOC) of the soil was also determined. Soil and plant samples were collected thrice from thirty two sampling sites along the off-loading path from the centre of Dandora dumpsite up to a distance of 700 m away from the centre at depth of 0-30cm (top soil).  Metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Pb levels ranged from 7.58±0.34 to 16.57±0.79 µg/g in the washed leaves and 9.22±0.36 to 19.27±0.40 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. Cr levels ranged from 5.11±0.40 to 14.4±0.91 µg/g in the washed leaves and 5.01±0.45 to 15.50±0.40 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. While Cd levels ranged from 0.24±0.01 to 3.62 ±0.17 µg/g in the washed leaves and 0.37±0.02 to 3.68±0.25 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. All these levels were above World Health Organization recommended limits in plants of Pb (0.3 µg/g), Cr (3 µg/g) and Cd (0.2 µg/g). Pearson correlation of the levels in the plants with their concentrations in the soils gave significantly positive values. This suggest that high metal concentration in the soil leads to increased mobility and hence bioavailability. Results obtained therefore suggest that Dandora dumpsite is highly polluted and people should be discouraged from using waste from the dumpsite as manure.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and dl-PCBs along the cascade of urban reservoirs

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Marek Zieliński ◽  
Zbigniew Kaczkowski ◽  
Maciej Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Continuum Concept ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Health Organization

The river environment is a highly complex system with a variety of processes continuously changing along its continuum (River Continuum Concept). Therefore identification of the threats that result from different elements of the river ecosystem is an intricate task, mainly because of the transportation and biological, geological and chemical processes occurring in such a system. The overall objective of the presented study was to examine the concentration and pattern of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in the five urban, cascade reservoirs. The obtained data demonstrated an increasing total concentration of toxic PCDDs/PCDFs and dl-PCBs along the studied reservoirs starting from 266 ng/kg d.w. in the first pond up to 11,400 ng/kg d.w. in the last pond, wherein the highest World Health Organization – Toxic Equivalent (WHO-TEQ) concentration (18.9 ng TEQ/kg d.w.) was also recorded. The exception from this rule, with the lowest total and WHO-TEQ concentrations (182 ng/kg d.w. and 1.31 ng TEQ/kg d.w., respectively) was the middle newly constructed III reservoir, equipped with the sediment traps and sand separators at the stormwater outlets and ecotone zones around its catchment for enhancing the purification of inflowing stormwater. This situation may indicate the importance of such solutions for the reduction of PCDDs, PCDFs and dl-PCBs in the urban water ecosystems.

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