scholarly journals Erythromycin Abatement from Water by Electro-Fenton and Peroxyelectrocoagulation Treatments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Anna Serra-Clusellas ◽  
Luca Sbardella ◽  
Pol Herrero ◽  
Antoni Delpino-Rius ◽  
Marc Riu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Emerging Compounds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Electro-Fenton (EF) and peroxyelectrocoagulation (PEC) processes were investigated to mineralize 10 mg L−1 erythromycin from ultrapure water, evaluating the influence of the anode material (BDD and Fe), current density (janode) (5 mA cm−2 and 10 mA cm−2), oxygen flowrate injected to the cathode (0.8 L min−1 O2 and 2.0 L min−1 O2) and pH (2.8, 5.0 and 7.0) on the process efficiency and the electricity costs. 70% mineralization was reached after applying 0.32 A h L−1 under the best operational conditions: PEC treatment at 5 mA cm−2, 2.0 L min−1 O2 and pH 2.8. The electricity consumption of the electrochemical cell under these conditions was approximately 0.3 kWh m−3. Early-stage intermediates produced from erythromycin degradation were identified and quantified throughout the treatment and a potential erythromycin degradation pathway was proposed. The most appropriate operational conditions tested with synthetic solutions were applied to treat a real effluent from the tertiary treatment of an urban wastewater treatment plant. All emerging compounds listed in the EU Decision 2018/840 (Watch List 2018) were determined before and after the PEC treatment. All listed pollutants were degraded below their quantification limit, except estrone and 17-α-ethinylestradiol which were 99% removed from water. Electricity consumption of the electrochemical cell was 0.4 kWh m−3. Whilst awaiting future results that demonstrate the innocuity of the generated byproducts, the results of this investigation (high removal yields for emerging pollutants together with the low electricity consumption of the cell) indicate the promising high potential of PEC treatment as a water treatment/remediation/regeneration technology.

Quantifying spatiotemporal rhythm of stream metabolism along human disturbance gradients

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Miraç Eryiğit ◽  
Fatih Evrendilek ◽  
Nusret Karakaya
Keyword(s):  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Stream Metabolism ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

This study aimed at investigating the effects of the urban wastewater treatment plant (WTP) discharges on the metabolism of Büyüksu Stream (Bolu, Turkey), and modelling the metabolism components as a function of measured environmental variables. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperatures (Tw) were measured to estimate montly stream metabolism in the four reaches: Before and after discharges of the WTP, and the headwaters of Abant Creek and Mudurnu Creek feeding Büyüksu Stream. The DO and Tw measurements were performed for 17 months between August 2015 and December 2016. Metabolism components of community respiration (Rc), gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) were estimated by using the two-station method. According to naturality gradient (reach disturbance gradients: before and after discharges, and headwaters of the creeks), mean metabolism components were compared by performing the one-way analysis of variance. The comparison results showed that the WTP discharges increased the average Rc from −30.6 g O2 m−2 day−1 to −130.9 g O2 m−2 day−1, and had no significant impact on the average GPP, statistically (15.6 and 9.1 g O2 m−2 day−1 before and after discharges, respectively). Validations of the multiple non-linear regression models of NEM and Rc gave coefficients of determination of 74.9% and 66.6%, respectively.

A Comparative Study of Amalaki Choorna along with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana in the Management of Shweta Pradara

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka M. Tenahalli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Group B ◽  
Busy Schedule ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Shweta Pradara (Leucorrhoea) is the disease which is characterized by vaginal white discharge. Vaginal white discharge this symptom is present in both physiological and pathological condition, when it becomes pathological it disturbs routine life style of the woman. Most of the women in the early stage will not express the symptoms because of hesitation and their busy schedule. If it is not treated it may leads to chronic diseases like PID (Garbhashaya Shotha etc.) Charaka mentioned Amalaki Choorna along with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana. This treatment is used in Shweta Pradara shown positive results, hence a study was under taken to assess its clinical efficacy. 30 diagnosed patients of Shweta Pradara were randomly selected, allocated in three groups. Group A and Group B received Amalaki Choorna with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana respectively and Group C received Amalaki Choorna with Madhu followed by Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana for 15 days. The patients were assessed for the severity of the symptoms subjectively and objectively before and after the treatment and at the end of the follow up. Data from each group were statistically analyzed and were compared. No side effects were noted and it may be considered as an effective alternative medicine in Shweta Pradara (leucorrhea). Amalaki is rich in natural source of vitamin C and contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. Honey contains carbohydrate, vitamin C, phosphorus iron and calcium. All together these help to increase Hb% and immunity. Vata Twak Kashaya contains tannin which helps to maintain normal pH of the vagina.

Microplastic contamination in a conventional wastewater treatment plant in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2098205
Author(s):  
Katekanya Tadsuwan ◽  
Sandhya Babel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Plastic waste has become a global environmental concern. One type of plastic waste is microplastics (MPs), which can spread easily in the environment. Wastewater effluent is one of the land-based sources of MPs. This study investigates the amount of microplastic (MP) pollution in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Thailand. Water samples were collected and examined to find the types, morphology and sources of MPs. Wastewater was filtered through a set of sieves ranging from 5 mm to 0.05 mm. Sludge samples were also collected to find the potential risk from the application of dried sewage sludge. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the types of MPs. The amount of MPs in the influent was 26.6 ± 11.8 MPs/L. More than one-third of MP particles were removed after a grit trap, followed by 14.24% removal in the secondary treatment. If the peak flow rate of the WWTP is reached, 2.32 × 109 MP particles can be released daily. The amount of MPs in a sludge sample was 8.12 ± 0.28 × 103 particles/kg dry weight. Dry sludge is one of the potential sources of MP contamination in agricultural soil. Most MPs in the liquid fraction and sludge sample were fibres. Results from FTIR analysis showed that the major types of MPs in the WWTP were polyester fibres, followed by polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone polymer and polystyrene. This finding indicates that a conventional WWTP may act as a path by which MPs enter the environment.

scholarly journals Advanced treatment of effluent extended aeration process using biological aerated filter (BAF) with natural media: modification in media, design and backwashing process

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Ali Toolabi ◽  
Saeed Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Metal Grid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aeration Process ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Natural Media

AbstractBiological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study, for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media, with a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section used at the end of the reactor. This can be considered an innovation in the media and filtration. Aeration in the related reactor with 160 cm height was performed bilaterally as up-flow and continuously by nozzles throughout the reactor media. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. According to the results obtained in this study, the removal efficiencies of inorganic and microbial contaminants, amoxicillin and azithromycin were obtained as follows: BOD5: 98.48%, COD: 92.42%, $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - : 99.4%, P: 93.3%, Coliforms: 97%, Color: 42.8%, Turbidity: 95%, Sulphate: 30%, TSS: 98.9%, Amoxicillin: 20% and azithromycin: 13%. In the backwashing process, the amount of water consumed in these three TB, BB, and TBBS methods were obtained 300, 164, and 118 L, respectively, So, TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the BAF process with natural date kernel has a high efficiency in removing organic and inorganic contaminants from hospital wastewater, also the concentration of most of the effluent parameters was less or in accordance with EPA standard.

Savings with upgraded performance through improved activated sludge denitrification in the combined activated sludge–biofilter system of the Southpest Wastewater Treatment Plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jobbágy ◽  
G. M. Tardy ◽  
Gy. Palkó ◽  
A. Benáková ◽  
O. Krhutková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Profile ◽  
Biological Treatment System

The purpose of the experiments was to increase the rate of activated sludge denitrification in the combined biological treatment system of the Southpest Wastewater Treatment Plant in order to gain savings in cost and energy and improve process efficiency. Initial profile measurements revealed excess denitrification capacity of the preclarified wastewater. As a consequence, flow of nitrification filter effluent recirculated to the anoxic activated sludge basins was increased from 23,000 m3 d−1 to 42,288 m3 d−1 at an average preclarified influent flow of 64,843 m3 d−1, Both simulation studies and microbiological investigations suggested that activated sludge nitrification, achieved despite the low SRT (2–3 days), was initiated by the backseeding from the nitrification filters and facilitated by the decreased oxygen demand of the influent organics used for denitrification. With the improved activated sludge denitrification, methanol demand could be decreased to about half of the initial value. With the increased efficiency of the activated sludge pre-denitrification, plant effluent COD levels decreased from 40–70 mg l−1 to < 30–45 mg l−1 due to the decreased likelihood of methanol overdosing in the denitrification filter

scholarly journals Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Georgios Goras ◽  
Chrysoula Tananaki ◽  
Sofia Gounari ◽  
Elissavet Lazaridou ◽  
Dimitrios Kanelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
As If

Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.

Antecedents of growth-oriented entrepreneurship before and during the Greek economic crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Giotopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Kontolaimou ◽  
Aggelos Tsakanikas
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore potential drivers of high-growth intentions of early-stage entrepreneurs in Greece before and after the onset of the financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach To this end, the authors use individual-level data retrieved from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor annual surveys (2003-2015). Findings The results show that high-growth intentions of Greek entrepreneurs are driven by different factors in the crisis compared to the non-crisis period. Male entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs with significant work experience seem to be more likely to be engaged in growth-oriented new ventures during the crisis period. The same appears to hold for entrepreneurs who are motivated by an opportunity and also perceive future business opportunities in adverse economic conditions. On the other hand, the educational level and the social contacts of founders with other entrepreneurs are found to drive ambitious Greek entrepreneurship in the years before the crisis, while they were insignificant after the crisis outbreak. Originality/value Based on the concept of ambitious entrepreneurship, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial high-growth expectations in the Greek context emphasizing the crisis period in comparison to the pre-crisis years.

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