scholarly journals Reservoir Management by Reducing Evaporation Using Floating Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of Lake Nasser, Egypt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Hany F. Abd-Elhamid ◽  
Ashraf Ahmed ◽  
Martina Zeleňáková ◽  
Zuzana Vranayová ◽  
Ismail Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Large Area ◽  
System A ◽  
Lake Nasser ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World

The shortage of water is a major obstruction to the social and economic development of many countries, including Egypt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to properly manage water resources to achieve optimum water use. One way of saving available water resources is to reduce evaporation that leads to the loss of a large amount of water from reservoirs and open lakes. This paper aims to use a floating photovoltaic system (FPVS) to cover a lake’s water surface to reduce evaporation and also for energy production. This methodology was applied to Lake Nasser as one of the largest lakes in the world where much evaporation happens due to its large area, arid environments, and the shallow depths of some parts of the lake. The estimated evaporation from the lake was 12.0 × 109 m3/year. The results show that covering 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the lake can save about 2.1, 4.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 8.4 × 109 m3/year and produce energy of 2.85 × 109, 5.67 × 109, 8.54 × 109, and 11.38 × 109 MWh/year, respectively. Covering areas of shallow water depth was more efficient and economical. The results show that covering 15% of the lake’s area (depths from 0.0 to 3.0 m) can save 2.66 × 109 m3/year and produce 1.7 MWh/year. Covering 25% of the lake’s area (depths from 0.0 to 7.0) can save 3.5 × 109 m3/year and produce 2.854 MWh/year. Using an FPVS to cover parts of Lake Nasser could help manage water resources and energy production for Egypt to overcome the likely shortage of water resources due to population growth. This system could be applied in different locations of the world which could help in increasing water resources and energy production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals The Belt and Road Initiative: China’s New Geopolitical Strategy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 327-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Cooperation Strategy ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
The Belt And Road

Since its launch in late 2013, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has achieved many tangible results that may have lasting effect on the social and economic development of host countries and on the geopolitical dynamics of the world. Its emergence in international political discourse is changing the basic thinking and logic of traditional geopolitical competition. While Western countries tend to interpret the BRI as part of China’s hidden geopolitical strategy to ultimately rule the world, Chinese and most developing nations see it as China’s international cooperation strategy to enhance global connectivity, communication and cooperation, so as to foster a more balanced and equitable world system. To maintain a favorable international environment for further progress of the BRI, China needs to better explain the details concerning the initiative as well as its role in the country’s grand strategy of peaceful development. Meanwhile, China must keep striving to match its words with its deeds in global arenas, so as to win more trust and support from the international community in jointly implementing the initiative.

Ultrastructure of “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoms mansoni Miracida

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tung Pan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Biology

Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is world wide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease, and thus, the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasite causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes.

scholarly journals Closure of Lake Nasser Khores by Different Types of Dams, using Satellite Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2095-2103
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Lake Nasser ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Different Types

According to the agreement between Egypt and Sudan in 1959 for the full utilization of Nile water arriving Aswan, both countries agreed to build the High Aswan Dam (HAD) in 1964 to get benefits from the water which was flowing to the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, Lake Nasser, the greatest artificial lake in the world, was created with large areas of shallow depths adjacent to the edges of the lake on both sides according to the topography of the surrounding area namely (khores). These khores increased the surface area; consequently, the estimated evaporation losses reach about 10 BCM/year in average. Reducing evaporation losses from HAD Lake is an option to increase the Egyptian available water resources. Many studies were done in order to partially or completely closure of the Khores, where the surface area of the khores of Lake Nasser is about one third of the total area of the lake, which indicates the effectiveness of its closure in decreasing the evaporation. The objectives of the research are studying the Lake Nasser’s large area khores, evaluating the idea of closing these khores using different types of dams such as earthfill, rockfill and rubber dams, and the consequent saved water. Meanwhile, a preliminary cost study for the different types of dams was done to determine the most suitable dam type. This research used the land sat 4 & 5 at years 1988 and 1999 in order to identify the surface area of the lake for the lowest and highest levels respectively. Also it gets benefit from the data available at Ministry of water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), such as the Khores bathymetric maps and the evaporation rates of Lake Nasser. The results of the study show that Kalabsha khore is the most optimum for dam closure as its entrance is suitable for dam construction, and at high water levels it has the greatest area thus, reducing the evaporation. It is highly appreciated to use rubber dam either economically or environmentally. The amount of saved water reach about 1.0 Milliard m3 representing 11.11% of the annual total evaporation losses from Lake Nasser, the water saved may reach 1.53 Milliard m3 if the water level reaches 181.52 m for considerable time span.

scholarly journals METHODS OF INCREASING THE LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE WORLD THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
E. S. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development

The methods of increasing the level of competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the world through sustainable development of human capital have been studied. The analysis of the most considerable indicators in the social and economic development of Russia and other leading economies in order to understand the current place and role of the Russian economy in the world society has been presented. Based on the analysis a number of reasons influencing on the further development of the Russian economy, taking into account the more active use of human capital in the global structure of the economy, has been revealed. The result of the study was to identify the weakest issues of the Russian economic structure including the fundamental difficulties in the development of human capital. At the end of the article, the main recommendations for fixing the identified problems have been given.

scholarly journals Utilization of tangible heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade in Krasnoyarsk

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Mariya Sergeevna Kozhevnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Sport Facilities ◽  
The City

The holding of such large-scale world events as the Olympic Games, Universiades, and championships require major capital investments in the development of infrastructure of the host city, which in the future becomes the so-called heritage. The article analyzes the experience of utilization of heritage after holding major sports events in other countries and Russian cities, examines the planned and actual use of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 with regards to sports facilities built, reconstructed or renovated for the World Student Games afterwards.  The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of utilization of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 almost two years after the competition. The conclusion is made that the sport facilities built for the World Student Games are actively used by the city residents for public skating or skiing, professional sports, as well as commercial events, such as concerts, exhibitions, etc. The developed sports infrastructure created for the World Student Games allows Krasnoyarsk hosting all-Russian and world athletic events. The XXIX World Winter Universiade had a positive impact upon the social and economic development of Krasnoyarsk.

Structure of “Sensory” Surface Nerve Endings in Schistosoma Mansoni Miracidia

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tung Pan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Sensory Surface

Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease, and thus, the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasite causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes.

7. Federalism in the world

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-116
Author(s):  
Mark J. Rozell ◽  
Clyde Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
High Degree

The US government is the oldest continuing operating federal system, in part because of its relatively high degree of stability and respect for the rule of law. But does that make the US system a model for other nation-states to emulate? “Federalism in the world” compares and contrasts the federal systems of six countries—Switzerland, Canada, Brazil, Australia, India, and Nigeria—to better recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the US system. The idiosyncratic elements of each nation’s federalism are a function of the social, economic, and political forces that contest politics; the nature of the ethnic, linguistic, political, and other cleavages; and decisions made by leaders in the past.

The Cost of China`s Economic Success

2007 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
V. Gelbras
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
High Price ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Cost

China has achieved great results in economic growth. But the country has had to pay a high price for them. Slowing dynamics of the domestic market, growing gap in the social and economic development of regions, impoverishment of its rural population are a small number of existing problems caused by China’s attempts to catch up with the world leader - the USA.

scholarly journals Water Sustainability at the River Grande Basin, Brazil: An Approach Based on the Barometer of Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Guidolini ◽  
Angélica Giarolla ◽  
Peter Toledo ◽  
Carlos Valera ◽  
Jean Ometto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Integrate Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Water resources are fundamental for the social and economic development of a country and sustainability is the best approach to treat water-related problems. Therefore, sustainability studies of water resources are deemed urgent. Sustainability analysis methods should enable space-temporal monitoring, decision-making, and development of policies necessary for water governance. Furthermore, sustainability analysis methods should also integrate environment and socioeconomic variables into a single system. In this context, this study aimed to assess the water sustainability conditions of the River Grande Basin (BHRG), Brazil, before the implementation of the Integrated Water Resources Plan (IWRP), using the Barometer of Sustainability tool (BS). The River Grande basin was in an “almost unsustainable” condition and under high environmental stress. A significant imbalance between environmental and human well-being in the system was also observed. To achieve an acceptable sustainability condition, it is thus necessary to improve the environmental quality of the area. Among the priority thematic area, native vegetation recovery was the most urgent. Overall, the sustainability study based on the BS not only facilitates comprehension regarding environment and human interrelationships, but also provide references for policy formulations and water management.

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