scholarly journals Evaluation of Low-Head Ramped Weirs for a Potamodromous Cyprinid: Effects of Substrate Addition and Discharge on Fish Passage Performance, Stress and Fatigue

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Susana D. Amaral ◽  
Paulo Branco ◽  
Filipe Romão ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferreira ◽  
António N. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fish Movements ◽  
Unit Width ◽  
Q 55 ◽  
Specific Discharge ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Substrate Addition

Requalification of low-head ramped weirs through the addition of substrates (retrofitting) has attracted attention in recent years. However, few studies are available on how this measure affects the negotiation of ramped weirs by fish. This study aimed to assess the performance of an experimental ramped weir (3.00 m long with 10% slope; 0.30 m head-drop) to enhance the passage of a potamodromous cyprinid species, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei). Attention was given to testing the effects of the addition of a substrate, in this case cobbles, to the ramp (Nature) vs. a smooth bottom (Control), and discharge (Q; 55 L·s−1 and 110 L·s−1 (or specific discharge per unit width, q = 92 L·s−1·m−1 and 183 L·s−1·m−1)) on fish passage performance. Fish physiological responses to stress and fatigue, measured by glucose and lactate concentrations in blood samples, were also analysed. Results showed that the Nature design generally increased fish movements and successful upstream passages, and enhanced fish passage performance by enabling faster negotiations. Fish movements were also affected by increasing discharge, registering reductions with 110 L·s−1. Results of the physiological parameters indicate that both glucose and lactate concentrations were also influenced by discharge. The outcomes from this study present important information about fish passage performance across low-head ramped weirs and could provide data needed to help biologists and engineers to develop more effective structures to alleviate small instream obstacles.

scholarly journals Passage Performance of Potamodromous Cyprinids over an Experimental Low-Head Ramped Weir: The Effect of Ramp Length and Slope

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Amaral ◽  
Paulo Branco ◽  
Christos Katopodis ◽  
Maria Ferreira ◽  
António Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Habitat Connectivity ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Fish Movements ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Passage Efficiency

Low-head ramped weirs are a common instream obstacle to fish movements. Fish passability of these structures, where water passes over but does not generate a waterfall, is primarily related to ramp length and slope, but their relative contribution has seldom been considered. This study aims to assess the passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), negotiating an experimental ramped weir with varying ramp length (L) and slope (S). Four configurations were tested, with a constant discharge of 110 L∙s−1. Results suggest that both factors influenced passage performance of fish. Attraction efficiency (AE) increased with increasing L and S, whereas the number of successes (N) and passage efficiency (PE) decreased upon increasing L. For S, it was found that both N and PE peaked at the intermediate level (20%). These results suggest that configurations with the lowest slopes may not necessarily be the best option because they may be less attractive for the fish and their demand for space is higher. Higher slopes (but not excessive) could be more attractive to fish, less space-demanding, and therefore, more cost-effective. Future studies should investigate how discharge and boulder placement influence fish passage across ramped weirs, to improve habitat connectivity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Retrofitted Ramped Weirs to Improve Passage of Potamodromous Fish

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana D. Amaral ◽  
Ana L. Quaresma ◽  
Paulo Branco ◽  
Filipe Romão ◽  
Christos Katopodis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Fish Movements ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Water Depths

The addition of substrates to small instream obstacles, like low-head ramped weirs, has been considered a useful management solution to retrofit those structures and enhance fish passage. Substrate dimensions and spatial arrangement, together with discharge, and consequently water depths, appear as important factors for the creation of hydrodynamic conditions that may facilitate the successful passage of fish, though related studies are scarce to support decision-making. This study assessed the influence of discharge (Q) and different retrofitting designs (RD) on the upstream passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei). Different substrates (small boulders, large boulders, cobbles) and spatial arrangements (aligned, offset) were tested. Numerical modelling was performed to characterize the hydrodynamics. Results indicate that Q and RD influenced the upstream negotiation of ramped weirs. Cobbles randomly distributed along the ramp (Nature design) was the most successful configuration, recording the highest number of upstream passages. Low velocities along the ramp, and low turbulence downstream, were registered in this configuration, indicating that the use of natural substrate may help to increase the permeability of ramped weirs to fish movements. The outcomes from this work can help engineers and biologists to design more appropriate passage structures for low-head instream obstacles.

scholarly journals Effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters in male rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Blood Samples

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the Clenbuterol drug in some physiological parameters of Liver, Kidney function and lipidprofie concentration. Fourty adult male rabbits were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups,the first group was given distilled water (control) ,while the other third groups were given (2,4,6 µg/kg) of Clenbuterol drug for 30 days. Blood samples were collected after 14 and 30 days of the treatment for biochemical study. Drug caused non significant increase(P

Investigation of Some Physiological Parameters in Women Taken Teraband Exercise Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3553-3554
Author(s):  
Mine Turğut ◽  
Taner Bozkuş
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Sedentary Women ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a six-week theraband (strength band) exercise program on some physiological parameters in sedentary women. Method: The pretest-posttest model was used in the study. Before the study, the participants were asked whether they had any health problems. In this study, 34 volunteer women with a mean age of 26.91±2.64 years and a mean height of 164.20±4.36 who regularly attended a private sports centre were included in the study. Before and after the exercise program, body weight, fat percentage, and blood samples were taken in the morning on an empty stomach by experts in the appropriate laboratory environment at the health institution. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. Paired Sample T Test was applied to compare the values before and after exercise. Results: As a result, it was determined that sedentary women who regularly performed theraband exercise for six weeks had a positive effect on their weight, fat percentage and blood lipids (Triglyceride, Cholesterol, HDL and LDL) levels (p<0.05). Conclucions: As a result, since the teraband (strength band) exercises we applied in our study were both affordable and can be easily performed by individuals at home, it has great importance for health that these exercises can be promoted more, and people's awareness. Keywords: Teraband, Exercise, Blood lipid

Effect of loading practices and 6-hour road transport on the physiological responses of yearling cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Pettiford ◽  
D. M. Ferguson ◽  
J. M. Lea ◽  
C. Lee ◽  
D. R. Paull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
Phase Protein ◽  
Rate Of Recovery

A controlled study using 16 yearling Angus steers was conducted to determine the physiological responses associated with loading practices followed by 6 h of road transport and 17 h of post-transport recovery. The cattle were quietly mustered from grazing at pasture and directly loaded onto a truck for transport. During loading, cattle received either four consecutive prods with a commercial electric prodder (n = 8) or no prodding (control, n = 8). The experiment was performed in four replicates, conducted on consecutive days, with four animals (n = 2 per treatment) utilised on each day. On the truck, cattle were confined to pens that each held a single animal facing the direction of travel. Blood samples were taken via jugular catheters before and during the 6 h journey and during the 17 h recovery phase. Samples were analysed for haematology, osmolality and plasma cortisol, total protein, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen and the acute phase protein haptoglobin. The physiological measurements indicated that most stress occurred during loading and the initial stages of transport, but after this, the cattle habituated and were able to cope with the 6 h of transport. After 17 h of recovery, nearly all the variables measured had returned to their pre-transport levels. Use of an electric prodder during loading did not modify the physiological responses to loading, transport or the rate of recovery compared with the controls.

scholarly journals Physiological Parameters of Endurance Horses Pre- Compared to Post-Race, Correlated with Performance: A Two Race Study from Scandinavia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Larsson ◽  
P. H. Pilborg ◽  
M. Johansen ◽  
M. T. Christophersen ◽  
A. Holte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Heart Score ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Few studies have investigated the physiological parameters of endurance horses in Scandinavia. Hence, this two race study has focused on the effects of endurance racing in terms of equine clinicopathological blood parameters, heart score, and fluid use. Race A involved 15 horses (120 km). Two pre- and one post-race blood samples were taken, body condition score was assessed in triplicate pre-race, and an ECG was used to determine heart score. Race B involved 16 horses (65–120 km). One pre- and two post-race blood samples were taken. For both races, horse data as well as fluid intake estimates and cooling water were noted. Race A showed that blood haematocrit, albumin, sodium, and triglycerides increased significantly with endurance racing, whilst chloride, glucose, iron, and potassium decreased significantly. In race B, blood creatinine, cholesterol, and inorganic phosphate continued to increase significantly during the first post-race sampling period compared to pre-race levels, whilst iron, which decreased significantly during the race, increased significantly over the two post-race sampling periods. It is concluded that whilst no correlation between heart score and speed was observed, a significant correlation exists between experience and changes in blood parameters with endurance racing and between fluid intake and average speed.

scholarly journals Upstream passage of adult sea trout (Salmo trutta) at a low-head weir with an Archimedean screw hydropower turbine and co-located fish pass

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie R. Dodd ◽  
Jonathan D. Bolland ◽  
Jon Hateley ◽  
Ian G. Cowx ◽  
Sam E. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Fish Pass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Head

The exploitation of riverine systems for renewable energy has resulted in large numbers of small-scale hydropower schemes on low-head weirs. Although considered a clean and ‘green’ energy source in terms of emissions, hydropower can affect upstream migrating species by diverting flow away from viable routes over the impoundment and attract fish towards the turbine outfall. In an attempt to reduce this negative effect, hydropower outfalls with co-located fish-passage entrances are recommended, utilising turbine flows to attract fish towards the fish pass. The present study used acoustic telemetry to understand the performance of a co-located Larinier fish pass at a low-head hydropower scheme at a weir on the tidal Yorkshire Esk, England. The majority of the sea trout (anadromous Salmo trutta L.) individuals that approached the impediment were attracted to the hydropower and the co-located fish pass. Fish ascended through the pass under a wide range of river flows, tide heights, downstream river levels and hydropower flows, and there was no evidence that the hydropower operation affected fish-pass ascent. The information presented is urgently required to inform management decisions on the operation of hydropower schemes during the migratory period of salmonid fish, and help determine best-practice designs and operation at these facilities.

Drinking Behavior and Exercise-Thermal Stress: Role of Drink Carbonation

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Hickey ◽  
David L. Costill ◽  
Scott W. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study investigated the influence of drink carbonation and carbohydrate content on ad libitum drinking behavior and body fluid and electrolyte responses during prolonged exercise in the heat. Eight competitive male runners completed three 2-hr treadmill runs at 60%in an environmental chamber maintained atand 40% RH. Three test drinks were used: 8% carbohydrate, low carbonation (8%-C); 8% carbohydrate, noncarbonated (8%-NC), and water (0%-NC). Blood samples were taken preexercise (0), at 60 and 120 min of exercise, and at 60 min of recovery (+60 min). The data suggest that while reports of heartburn tend to be higher on 8% carbohydrate drinks than on 0%-NC, this does not appear to be a function of drink carbonation. Similarly, the increased frequency of heartbum did not significantly reduce fluid consumption either during exercise or during a 60-min recovery period. Importantly, no differences were observed between fluid and electrolyte, or thermoregulatory responses to the three sport drinks. Thus, consumption of low-carbonation beverages does not appear to significantly influence drinking behavior or the related physiological responses during prolonged exercise in the heat.

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