scholarly journals Variability in Population Traits of a Sentinel Iberian Fish in a Highly Modified Mediterranean-Type River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Ana Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Francisco J. Oliva-Paterna ◽  
Fátima Amat-Trigo ◽  
Mar Torralva
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Somatic Condition ◽  
Age Related

Human pressures on water resources have been suggested as a driver of biological traits that induce changes in native fish populations. This study highlighted the interplay between environmental stress factors, mostly related to flow regulation, and the longitudinal river gradient in biological traits such as the growth, size structure and somatic condition of a sentinel fish, Luciobarbus sclateri. We found an increase in size-related metrics and somatic condition at population levels associated with downstream reaches, although fragmentation and habitat alteration, flow regime alteration and the abundance of non-native fish were also significantly involved in their variability. Age-related parameters and growth were only explained by flow regime alterations and the abundance of non-native fish species. The high plasticity observed in L. sclateri population traits suggests that this is a key factor in the species adaptability to resist in a strongly altered Mediterranean river basin. However, the interplay of multiple stressors plays an important role in fish population dynamics and could induce complex responses that may be essential for long-term monitoring in sentinel species.

Characterization of Western Painted Turtle Bycatch in Fyke Nets During Freshwater Fish Population Assessments

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyrel S. Moos ◽  
Brian G. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Painted Turtle ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Fyke Nets

Abstract In fisheries management, fish populations are assessed using various net types that invariably also capture nontarget species. Although the bycatch of turtles tends to be a common occurrence, data describing the bycatch of turtles during freshwater fish sampling are lacking. To improve the available knowledge base concerning the bycatch of turtles during fish sampling, we characterize the dynamics of western painted turtle Chrysemys picta bellii bycatch in unbaited modified fyke nets used in fish population sampling in northeastern South Dakota. We collected data from June to September during fish population assessments in 39 lakes and nine impoundments between 2007 and 2012. We characterize western painted turtle bycatch relating to water type (lake and impoundment) including catch rates (number of turtles/net night), size structure, and sex ratio. Catch rates were higher in impoundments than lakes. Total mean annual catch rates ranged from 1.07 to 3.28 for lakes and from 0.70 to 6.63 for impoundments and the variation among years was significant for both water types. We observed no annual variation in water surface area or mean depth, precluding either from explaining the variation in annual catch rates. We observed a significant relationship between mean depth and catch rate for lakes, but not impoundments. We observed no significant relationship relating surface area to catch rate for lakes or impoundments. Catch rates differed significantly from June to September for lakes but not impoundments. Annual variation in catch rates was best explained by the previous winter precipitation for both water types. The sex ratio was skewed toward males and differed significantly from June to September for lakes but not impoundments. The size structure was skewed toward large turtles. Understanding bycatch dynamics during fish population assessments is a critical first step to understanding the impact of biological sampling on nontarget species and may prove useful in minimizing future bycatch of western painted turtles.

Seasonal and spatial trends of Mayan octopus, Octopus maya, population dynamics from Campeche, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1663-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Markaida ◽  
Iván Méndez-Loeza ◽  
Martha Laura Rosales-Raya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Traits ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Spatial Trends ◽  
Current Minimum ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Octopus Maya

High plasticity in cephalopod populations shows dramatic changes in their biological traits. Commercial catches of Mayan octopus (Octopus maya) in six localities of the state of Campeche, Mexico, were sampled monthly for five consecutive fishing seasons (2005–2009) in order to describe variations in population structure and maturation. Octopus maya grows and matures during the fishing season, from August to December. Spent individuals predominate in January and February, revealing a year-long life cycle. However, the presence of a few spent females in all months sampled suggests that a small part of the population shows an extended spawning period. Overall sex ratios did not significantly shift from the expected 1:1 in most samples. Males are mostly mature while the majority of females are immature during the season. Use of illegal fishing gears (spear diving or pots) in central localities accounts for a larger share in mature females. Octopus size showed large interannual and geographic differences. Females mature at a larger size (1024 g body weight, BW; 124 mm mantle length, ML) than males (484 g BW; 91 mm ML). Size at maturity in both sexes varies more between seasons than between localities. Female ML at maturity is larger than the current minimum legal size and implications for current octopus fishing regulations are discussed.

Age-related changes of song traits in female European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitza Pavlova ◽  
Rianne Pinxten ◽  
Marcel Eens
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Learning ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Song Sharing ◽  
Song Complexity ◽  
Female Song ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn contrast to male bird song, female song complexity, learning and expression have received much less attention. Female European starlings can produce song of a comparable complexity as males and are also capable of adult vocal learning. Here we recorded song during 3 successive years and investigated variation in song traits (song complexity, song duration and song versatility) in relation to age in captive adult female starlings. We looked at whether individual song traits differ among different age classes (cross-sectional analyses) and whether they change over successive years (longitudinal analyses). Further we studied the repertoire turnover throughout the years, female song sharing in the first year of recording and whether different song traits consistently vary among females across the years. Overall, both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed that repertoire size significantly declined with female age, suggesting that some constraints exist in adult females to maintain large repertoires. Song duration and song versatility appeared to be unrelated to age. Female starlings intensely modified their repertoire across the years by adding new/deleting old phrase types, suggesting a high plasticity as reported in males. Females showed a high variation (between 14% and 83%) in sharing their repertoire, with older females having higher song sharing rates. The individual differences in song complexity and performance were repeatable across the years, which may suggest that song in female starlings is a potential quality indicator trait.

scholarly journals POTENSI JENIS-JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR KONSUMSI MASYARAKAT ALIRAN SUNGAI DIGOEL, KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL, PAPUA, DAN BEBERAPA LANGKAH PENGELOLAANNYA

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexy K Rarung ◽  
Silvester B Pratasik
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Local People ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Management Actions

This study aimed at providing information on freshwater fish living in Digoel River, Boven Digoel Regency, Papua, edible for local people and some management options. Data were collected from observing the fishing activities and Tanah Merah  market, and through personal interviews as well. Results showed that there were about 23 species of native and introduced fish living in the Digoel River. Native fish population is decreasing as a result of forest clear cut, pollution, irrational fishing and predation. Therefore, management actions should be taken.

scholarly journals Thymus in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Olga Borisovna Sirotina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Time ◽  
Autoimmune Etiology

Aim. To determine size structure and blood circulation of thymus in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) by ultrasound.We have undertaken an ultrasonic study of thymus in 62 children aged 4-17 years with DM1 to determine its size, structure and bloodcirculation. Results.It was shown for the first time that the thymus of DM1 children is enlarged and fairly well visualized unlike that in agematchedhealthy patients in whom it is much smaller due to age-related involution and substitution of the thymic tissue by adipose one. Colorand energetic Doppler mapping showed perfect vascularization of the thymus in DM1 children compared with healthy patients in whom thismethod failed to map blood flow due to the substitution of the original thymic tissue by parenchymal and adipose tissues and dropout of bloodvessels. Conclusion the study for the first time gave evidence that thymus, the main immunogenic organ (conductor of the immune system),undergoes age-specific changes of size and structure whereas DM1 of autoimmune etiology precludes its involution.

scholarly journals The influence of natural flow and temperature and introduced brown trout on the temporal variation in native fish abundance in a “reference” stream

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Hayes ◽  
Eric O. Goodwin ◽  
Joanne E. Clapcott ◽  
Karen A. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Large River ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Upper South

Understanding what drives variation in fish abundance at reference sites provides perspective for assessing the effects of human alterations to river flow and land use. We examined temporal variation in fish community abundance in a headwater tributary of a large river in the upper South Island (New Zealand) over 10 years. We were interested in the influence of natural flow variation and temperature on native fish abundance within the context of potential competition/predation pressure from juvenile introduced trout. Results from biannual sampling highlighted the dominating influence of floods on fish population dynamics, overriding biotic effects. We found no evidence for adverse effects of trout on native fish, and flow-related habitat performed more poorly in explaining variation in fish abundance than low- and median-flow statistics. Differences in temporal variation in abundance between species were largely consistent with life histories that provide resistance and (or) resilience to flood flows and relative insensitivity to low flows. Long-term data (≥10 years) are needed for detecting meaningful trends and quantifying the effects of human activities on fish community abundance.

scholarly journals Longitudinal and cross-sectional changes with age in selected anthropometric and physiological traits in hospitalized adults: an insight from the Polish Longitudinal Study of Aging (PLSA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Chmielewski ◽  
Krzysztof Borysławski ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec ◽  
Jolanta Chmielowiec
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Total Bilirubin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age Related

AbstractLongitudinal studies of aging concerning individuals with comparable lifestyle, diet, health profile, socioeconomic status, and income remain extraordinarily rare. The purposes of our ongoing project are as follows: (i) to collect extensive data on biological and medical aspects of aging in the Polish population, (ii) to determine factors affecting the rate and course of aging, (iii) to understand how aging unfolds as a dynamic and malleable process in ontogeny, and (iv) to find novel predictors of longevity. Our investigation followed 142 physically healthy asylum inmates, including 68 males and 74 females, for at least 25 years from the age of 45 years onward. Cross-sectional assessment involved 225 inmates, including 113 males and 112 females. All the patients lived for a very long time under similar and good environmental conditions at the hospital in Cibórz, Lubuskie Province. They maintained virtually the same daily schedule and lifestyle. The rate and direction of changes with age in selected anthropometric and physiological traits were determined using ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis. There were sex differences in the rate and pattern of age-related changes in certain characteristics such as relative weight, red blood cell count, monocyte count, thymol turbidity value, systolic blood pressure, and body temperature. Body weight, the body mass index (BMI), and total bilirubin level increased with advancing age, while body height decreased with age in both sexes. In conclusion, the aging process was associated with many regressive alterations in biological traits in both sexes but the rate and pattern of these changes depended on biological factors such as age and sex. There were only few characteristics which did not change significantly during the period under study. On the basis of comparison between the pattern of longitudinal changes with aging and the pattern of cross-sectional changes with age in the analyzed traits, we were able to predict which pattern of changes is associated with longer lifespan.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE BASICS OF COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
L. M. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

The article covers the principles of comprehensive geriatric assessment — an interdisciplinary diagnostic procedure aimed at developing a plan of treatment, long-term monitoring and support of an elderly person. The components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including the determination of physical, functional, psychological and social status of the subject, are reflected. During the process of analyzing the patient’s physical status, the age-related features of the functioning of various organs and systems, knowledge of which is necessary for the development of a targeted geriatric care strategy, should be taken into account. Involution of the respiratory organs is characterized by a decrease in the respiratory surface, atrophic processes in the mucous and lymphoid tissues, and an increased risk of developing bronchoobstructive syndrome. Degenerative sclerotic changes in the cardiovascular system contribute to the development of circulatory failure, sinus node dysfunction, increased sensitivity to stress factors, orthostatic hypotension, etc. With age, the secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract decreases, and the functional ability of the liver is limited. Reducing the reserve capacity of the kidneys provokes the development of inflammatory processes and contributes to the dehydration of the body. In older people, the risk of developing diabetes, hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism increases. The growth of connective tissue in the blood-forming organs limits the functionality of the blood system. Age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system are characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and the development of osteoporosis. Drug therapy is also being analyzed, since polypharmacy in the elderly is associated with a particularly high risk of developing side effects of the drugs. Assessment of the functional status implies the determination of the self service ability and the degree of a person’s independence from the help of others by his/her ability to perform basic functions, activities in everyday life and instrumental activity. The psycho emotional status is judged by the emotional background of the patient and his/her cognitive functions. Social and household status is estimated by the living conditions of an elderly person. Based on the results of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, an individual management plan is drawn up, the implementation of which is possible with the combined efforts of the geriatrician and a team of medical specialists, relatives, and social workers.

535 Associations between Multiple Stressors (Including Racism) and Sleep Health among Young African-American Women

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A211-A211
Author(s):  
Chandra Jackson ◽  
Frankie LaPorte ◽  
Symielle Gaston ◽  
Anissa Vines ◽  
John McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
American Women

Abstract Introduction Stress contributes to poor sleep, and both are associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes. African-American women are disproportionately burdened by multiple forms of stress as well as poor sleep, but few studies have investigated the stressor-sleep relationship in this population. Methods We investigated associations between multiple measures of both stressors and sleep among African American women participating in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids. Using principal components analysis, we summarized 43 items ascertaining self-reported stressors (e.g., racism) and potential mitigators (e.g., resilience). Components were extracted and factor scores generated. Self-reported sleep included short (<7 hours) versus recommended (7–9 hours) sleep, waking unrested 4+ days/week, and insomnia symptoms (>4 nights per month). Adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, and body mass index, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for each factor score dichotomized at the median. Results Among 1,672 women, mean age was 29.2 ± 3.4 years and 45% had a household income <$20,000. We extracted 9 stress factors accounting for 57% of the variance across the 43 items. In order of contribution to explaining the variance, stress factors included emotional distress (e.g., frequency of anger suppression and rumination); racism; social/emotional support; financial strain; medical/crime/family problems; faith/spirituality; resilience; job/home changes; and intimate partner changes/problems. Emotional distress (PR=1.52 [1.35–1.72]), racism (PR=1.28 [1.13, 1.44]), and financial strain (PR=1.14 [1.01–1.29]) were associated with insomnia symptoms. Emotional distress was also related to waking unrested (PR=1.36 [1.26–1.47]) while social/emotional support (PR=0.85 [0.79–0.92]) and resilience (PR=0.88 [0.82–0.95]) were protective. Short sleep was associated with a higher prevalence of emotional distress (PR=1.15 [1.06–1.25]) as well as medical/crime/family problems (PR=1.21 [1.03–1.42]); however, there was a protective association between resilience and short sleep (PR=0.88 [0.82–0.96]). Conclusion Multiple stressors were associated with sleep disturbances, but social/emotional support and resilience were associated with more favorable sleep. Support (if any):

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