scholarly journals Acoustic and Light Selective Behavioral Guidance Systems for Freshwater Fish

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Joaquim Jesus ◽  
Rui Cortes ◽  
Amilcar Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Guidance Systems ◽  
Behavioral Barriers

The use of non-physical barriers, particularly based on acoustic and luminous stimuli has been historically used to influence the behavior of fish, mainly for fishing purposes. Nowadays, behavioral barriers and guidance systems have been developed, not only to deter movements of fish, but also to promote behavioral responses with the objective of native fish protection, in particular the potamodromous species, reducing their mortality in the hydraulic structures of dams and guiding them towards transposition systems or to replacement habitats in regularized water bodies. This review details the use of acoustic and luminous systems and their evolution in recent years (Scopus 2012–2019) for the development of selective behavioral barriers for fish. We found that recent technologies try to identify new acoustic and luminous sensory ranges. Ambient sound, sound of predators or luminous spectral bands with different wavelengths have been used to selectively stimulate target and non-target species, in order to improve the effectiveness of repulsive/attractive systems for fish. Guidelines for future research in the area are also present.

scholarly journals Impact of ambient sound on risk perception in humans: neuroeconomic investigations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Payzan-LeNestour ◽  
Lionnel Pradier ◽  
James Doran ◽  
Gideon Nave ◽  
Bernard Balleine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Asset Risk ◽  
Financial Trading ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Professional Traders

AbstractResearch in the field of multisensory perception shows that what we hear can influence what we see in a wide range of perceptual tasks. It is however unknown whether this extends to the visual perception of risk, despite the importance of the question in many applied domains where properly assessing risk is crucial, starting with financial trading. To fill this knowledge gap, we ran interviews with professional traders and conducted three laboratory studies using judgments of financial asset risk as a testbed. We provide evidence that the presence of ambient sound impacts risk perception, possibly due to the combination of facilitatory and synesthetic effects of general relevance to the perception of risk in many species as well as humans. We discuss the implications of our findings for various applied domains (e.g., financial, medical, and military decision-making), and raise new questions for future research.

scholarly journals Evaluating data quality collected by volunteers for first-level inspection of hydraulic structures in mountain catchments

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2681-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Cortes Arevalo ◽  
M. Charrière ◽  
G. Bossi ◽  
S. Frigerio ◽  
L. Schenato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract. Volunteers have been trained to perform first-level inspections of hydraulic structures within campaigns promoted by civil protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Two inspection forms and a learning session were prepared to standardize data collection on the functional status of bridges and check dams. In all, 11 technicians and 25 volunteers inspected a maximum of six structures in Pontebba, a mountain community within the Fella Basin. Volunteers included civil-protection volunteers, geosciences and social sciences students. Some participants carried out the inspection without attending the learning session. Thus, we used the mode of technicians in the learning group to distinguish accuracy levels between volunteers and technicians. Data quality was assessed by their accuracy, precision and completeness. We assigned ordinal scores to the rating scales in order to get an indication of the structure status. We also considered performance and feedback of participants to identify corrective actions in survey procedures. Results showed that volunteers could perform comparably to technicians, but only with a given range in precision. However, a completeness ratio (question/parameter) was still needed any time volunteers used unspecified options. Then, volunteers' ratings could be considered as preliminary assessments without replacing other procedures. Future research should consider advantages of mobile applications for data-collection methods.

The Persuasive Effect of Product Placements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravineet Kaur ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Apurva Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Product Placements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Marketers are increasingly relying on covert advertising tactics to persuade consumers. This empirical study selected the context of an emerging market to examine the effectiveness of product placements. Using an experimental design, we captured the affective and behavioral responses of young Indian adults. The results indicated that young adults are positive about product placements. The mediating role of brand attitude change in the relationship between attitude toward product placements and purchase intentions is established. The study provides valuable insights into the impact of execution factors on viewers’ responses. Implications and directions for future research are discussed based on the results of this study.

Contextualizing Disability Experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenzie Latham-Mintus ◽  
Sabrina Cordon
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Barriers

Scholars and advocates have long proposed that an individual’s impairment is not the source of disability, but instead it is social and physical barriers put in place by society that are disabling. The purpose of this chapter is to (1) provide an overview of how contextual factors are conceptualized and measured in the current literature; (2) describe the key findings and discuss what the current research tells us about the salience of the environment for individual disability experiences; and (3) identify critical gaps in the literature and discuss future recommendations. The chapter takes a place-based approach and focuses on the communities and neighborhoods in which people with disabilities live. The chapter also explores how the intersection of disability and other social identities is influenced by the environment. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing existing gaps in the literature and recommendations for future research.

Use of artificial tree hollows by Australian birds and bats

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Jane R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Tree Hollows ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Management Context

Artificial tree hollows (nest or roost boxes) may be of considerable importance to the conservation and management of Australian hollow-using birds and microbats. This is suggested by recognition that the rate of collapse of hollow-bearing trees may exceed replacement in some landscapes. We review the published literature to synthesise current information on the use of artificial hollows by Australian birds and bats, and to provide guidance to future research and management. The use of artificial hollows has been documented in some detail for 15 native bird and eight microbat species. A range of hollow designs has been employed but there is a limited understanding of favoured designs. General designs (e.g. front-entry plywood boxes) have been used extensively by some species and should continue to be used until more effective designs are identified. Species tend to use artificial hollows that have entrance sizes just sufficient for their body size, and this should guide hollow design. Competitive interactions with a range of non-target species (native and non-native) may have a pronounced influence on artificial hollow use and must be considered in any management program involving artificial hollows. We highlight some design elements that may reduce interference by non-target species. Temperature inside artificial hollows may have a particular influence on their use by bats due to the role of microclimate in bat thermoregulation. Trials are needed to investigate this factor and to inform general approaches to positioning of artificial hollows. Several distinct management uses exist for artificial hollows, including assisting threatened species recovery, e.g. Kangaroo Island glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus) and orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). Artificial hollows offer an interim solution to hollow shortage but their full potential will only be realised when preferences for different designs are better understood. This will require a commitment to monitoring and should be conducted in an adaptive management context. Increased knowledge of the use of artificial hollows by Australian birds and bats should be of global relevance to the management of hollow-using species because it provides an independent test of ideas and strengthens any generalisations.

Participating in cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Neubeck ◽  
S Ben Freedman ◽  
Alexander M Clark ◽  
Tom Briffa ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
System Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Keyword Searching ◽  
Patient Barriers

Background: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) benefits patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), yet worldwide only some 15–30% of those eligible attend. To improve understanding of the reasons for poor participation we undertook a systematic review and meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature. Methods: Qualitative studies identifying patient barriers and enablers to attendance at CR were identified by searching multiple electronic databases, reference lists, relevant conference lists, grey literature, and keyword searching of the internet (1990–2010). Studies were selected if they included patients with CHD and reviewed experience or understanding about CR. Meta-synthesis was used to review the papers and to synthesize the data. Results: From 1165 papers, 34 unique studies were included after screening. These included 1213 patients from eight countries. Study methodology included interviews ( n = 25), focus groups ( n = 5), and mixed-methods ( n = 4). Key reasons for not attending CR were physical barriers, such as lack of transport, or financial cost, and personal barriers, such as embarrassment about participation, or misunderstanding the reasons for onset of CHD or the purpose of CR. Conclusions: There is a vast amount of qualitative research which investigates patients’ reasons for non-attendance at CR. Key issues include system-level and patient-level barriers, which are potentially modifiable. Future research would best be directed at investigating strategies to overcome these barriers.

scholarly journals A Review on Existing Methods to Assess Hydraulic Erodibility Downstream of Dam Spillways

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3205
Author(s):  
Yavar Jalili Kashtiban ◽  
Ali Saeidi ◽  
Marie-Isabelle Farinas ◽  
Marco Quirion
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Plunge Pool ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mass Erosion

In recent years, rock scouring or erosion downstream of dams has become an increasing dam safety concern. Several theoretical, semi-theoretical, semi-analytical and numerical methods can be used to assess the rock erosion in hydraulic structures. Semi-theoretical approaches determine the correlation between the erosive intensity of fluid flow and the resistive capacity of rock. Such approaches establish the scour thresholds as a function of erosive intensity of water and several rock mass indices by using in situ data and a curve-fitting approach. In some studies, the excavatability index, initially developed for rock mass stability analysis, was used to analyse the rock mass resistance in hydraulic erodibility analysis. The effectivity and weight of the geomechanical parameters used are yet to be determined on the basis of the erodibility phenomenon. The semi-analytical methods are developed on the basis of the mechanical and hydraulic interaction of rock mass and water. Four methods developed by Bollaert et al. are important in determining the erodibility in the plunge pool, but they are not applicable in the case of spillways. They used the comprehensive fracture mechanics for closed-end joints, quasi-steady impulsion, and dynamic impulsion (DI) for blocky rock erosion. The application of these methods to each site is necessary to identify constants that are difficult to determine. Few numerical methods are available to assess the rock mass erosion in hydraulic structures. In the case of numerical methods, the erosive agent is indistinct, and the hydraulic hazard parameter on the spillway surface is almost challenging to apply. This study comprehensively reviews the mechanism of erosion and the methods for assessing the risk of potential rock mass erosion downstream of dams and hydraulic structures. The advantages and disadvantages of all methods are discussed and the potential future research directions in this domain are proposed.

scholarly journals Exploring the Enablers and Barriers to Social Prescribing for People Living With Long-Term Neurological Conditions: A Focus Group Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Simpson ◽  
Moira Furlong ◽  
Clarissa Giebel
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Social Prescribing ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract Background People living with Long Term Neurological Conditions (LTNCs) value peer support and social activities. Psychological support and wellbeing enables them to manage their condition. Social prescribing is a formal process of referring patients to a link worker to co-design a plan to improve their health and wellbeing. Intervention involves supporting participation in activities based within the individual’s local community. This study aimed to explore the barriers and enablers to accessing social prescribing for people living with LTNCs (plwLTNCs). Methods A total of four focus groups were carried out with 17 participants, including different neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Fragile X Syndrome, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Two participants were family carers and supported people living with epilepsy and motor neurone disease. Findings were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Five themes were identified: (1) Lack of knowledge; (2) Service provision difficulties; (3) Benefits of social prescribing activities; (4) Physical barriers and (5) Psychological barriers. There was a lack of knowledge about social prescribing and what it actually was. Participants anticipated service provision difficulties relating to funding, link workers need for knowledge of LTNC’s and for activities to be varied and individualised. The potential benefits of social prescribing activities were recognised across the groups especially its potential to tackle loneliness and to offer plwLTNC’s purpose. Participants highlighted a number of physical barriers such as transport and accessibility; and psychological barriers such as anxiety and stigma. Conclusion Social prescribing aims to address the health inequalities of those living with long-term conditions, however currently it is likely to exclude plwLTNCs. Recommendations for future research are made.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Music Fit As A Driver Of Shopper Store Evaluations And Their Behavioral Responses

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Vida
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Retail Formats

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 36.1pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study examines effects of background music fit on consumer evaluative and behavioral responses across two distinct retail formats. Existing body of theoretical and empirical research serves as a basis for development of research hypotheses, which are subsequently tested using store-intercept data of adult shoppers. Covariance analyses reveal insightful implications of study findings for future research and management of retail brands.</span></span></p>

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