scholarly journals Distributed-Framework Basin Modeling System: II. Hydrologic Modeling System

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Wenjuan Hua ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Chuanhai Wang ◽  
Xiaoning Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Modeling ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Basin Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Distributed Framework ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Hydrological Feature

A distributed-framework hydrologic modeling system (DF-HMS) is a primary and significant component of a distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS), which simulates the hydrological processes and responses after rainfall at the basin scale, especially for non-homogenous basins. The DFBMS consists of 11 hydrological feature units (HFUs) involving vertical and horizontal geographic areas in a basin. Appropriate hydrologic or hydraulic methods are adopted for different HFUs to simulate corresponding hydrological processes. The digital basin generation model is first developed to determine the essential information for hydrologic and hydraulic simulation. This paper mainly describes two significant HFUs contained in the DF-HMS for hydrologic modeling: Hilly sub-watershed and plain overland flow HFUs. A typical hilly area application case study in the Three Gorges area is introduced, which demonstrates DF-HMS’s good performance in comparison with the observed streamflow at catchment outlets.

scholarly journals Distributed-Framework Basin Modeling System: IV. Application in Taihu Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Chuanhai Wang ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Xiaoning Li ◽  
Pingnan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Underlying Surface ◽  
Basin Modeling ◽  
Taihu Basin ◽  
Distributed Framework ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Hydrological Feature

This paper presents the application of a distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS) in Taihu Basin, China. The concepts of professional modeling systems and system integration/coupling have been summarized in the first three series papers. This study builds a hydrologic and hydrodynamic model for Taihu Basin, which is in the lowland plain areas with numerous polder areas. Digital underlying surface area data agree with the survey results from the water resource development and utilization. The runoff generated in each cell was calculated with the model based on the digital underlying surface data. According to the hydrological feature units (HFU) concept from the DFBMS, Taihu Basin was conceptualized into six different HFUs. The basic data of rainfall, evaporation, water surface elevation (WSE), discharge, tide level, and water resources for consumption and discharge in 2000 were used to calibrate the model. The simulated results of WSE and discharge matched the observed data well. The observed data of 1998, 1999, 2002, and 2003 were used to validate the model, with good agreement with the simulation results. Finally, the basic data from 2003 were used to simulate and evaluate the management scheme of water diversion from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake. Overall, the DFBMS application in Taihu Basin showed good performance and proved that the proposed structure for DFBMS was effective and reliable.

scholarly journals Distributed-Framework Basin Modeling System: Ⅲ. Hydraulic Modeling System

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Li ◽  
Chuanhai Wang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Pingnan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
River Network ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Basin Modeling ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Distributed Framework ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Huai River ◽  
River Modeling

A distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS) was developed to simulate the runoff generation and movement on a basin scale. This study is part of a series of papers on DFBMS that focuses on the hydraulic calculation methods in runoff concentration on underlying surfaces and flow movement in river networks and lakes. This paper introduces the distributed-framework river modeling system (DF-RMS) that is a professional modeling system for hydraulic modeling. The DF-RMS contains different hydrological feature units (HFUs) to simulate the runoff movement through a system of rivers, storage units, lakes, and hydraulic structures. The river network simulations were categorized into different types, including one-dimensional river branch, dendritic river network, loop river network, and intersecting river network. The DF-RMS was applied to the middle and downstream portions of the Huai River Plain in China using different HFUs for river networks and lakes. The simulation results showed great consistency with the observed data, which proves that DF-RMS is a reliable system to simulate the flow movement in river networks and lakes.

scholarly journals Scale effect on overland flow connectivity at the plot scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peñuela ◽  
M. Javaux ◽  
C. L. Bielders
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effect ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Models ◽  
Outflow Boundary ◽  
Degree Of Filling

Abstract. A major challenge in present-day hydrological sciences is to enhance the performance of existing distributed hydrological models through a better description of subgrid processes, in particular the subgrid connectivity of flow paths. The Relative Surface Connection (RSC) function was proposed by Antoine et al. (2009) as a functional indicator of runoff flow connectivity. For a given area, it expresses the percentage of the surface connected to the outflow boundary (C) as a function of the degree of filling of the depression storage. This function explicitly integrates the flow network at the soil surface and hence provides essential information regarding the flow paths' connectivity. It has been shown that this function could help improve the modeling of the hydrograph at the square meter scale, yet it is unknown how the scale affects the RSC function, and whether and how it can be extrapolated to other scales. The main objective of this research is to study the scale effect on overland flow connectivity (RSC function). For this purpose, digital elevation data of a real field (9 × 3 m) and three synthetic fields (6 × 6 m) with contrasting hydrological responses were used, and the RSC function was calculated at different scales by changing the length (l) or width (w) of the field. To different extents depending on the microtopography, border effects were observed for the smaller scales when decreasing l or w, which resulted in a strong decrease or increase of the maximum depression storage, respectively. There was no scale effect on the RSC function when changing w, but a remarkable scale effect was observed in the RSC function when changing l. In general, for a given degree of filling of the depression storage, C decreased as l increased, the change in C being inversely proportional to the change in l. However, this observation applied only up to approx. 50–70% (depending on the hydrological response of the field) of filling of depression storage, after which no correlation was found between C and l. The results of this study help identify the minimal scale to study overland flow connectivity. At scales larger than the minimal scale, the RSC function showed a great potential to be extrapolated to other scales.

scholarly journals Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giertz ◽  
B. Diekkrüger ◽  
G. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes such as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore, the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a semi-distributed hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Based on a good database, the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge, good results were achieved for dry and wet years. The main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. A comparison of the discharge components determined by hydro-chemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events, larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. A good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved for the runoff generation processes. Interflow is the predominant process on the upper and the middle slopes, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

scholarly journals Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment in Benin (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giertz ◽  
B. Diekkrüger ◽  
G. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Due to a good database the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and spatially distributed soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge good results were achieved for dry and wet years. Main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. The comparison of the discharge components determined by hydrochemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. Concerning the runoff generation processes a good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved. On the upper and the middle slope interflow is the predominant process, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

scholarly journals Ensemble flood forecasting based on ensemble NWP and the GMKHM distributed hydrological model

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01108
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Hongjun Bao
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Flood Forecast ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Numerical Weather

The incorporation of numerical weather predictions (NWP) into a flood forecasting system can increase forecast lead times from a few hours to a few days. A single NWP forecast from a single forecast centre, however, is insufficient as it involves considerable non-predictable uncertainties and lead to a high number of false alarms. The availability of global ensemble numerical weather prediction systems through the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble’ (TIGGE) offers a new opportunity for flood forecast. The GMKHM distributed hydrological model, which is based on a mixed runoff generation model and overland flow routing model based on kinematic wave theory, and the topographical information of each grid cell extracted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), is coupled with ensemble weather predictions based on the TIGGE database (CMC, CMA, ECWMF, UKMO, NCEP) for flood forecast. This paper presents a case study using the coupled flood forecasting model on the Xixian catchment (a drainage area of 8826 km2) located in Henan province, China. A probabilistic discharge is provided as the end product of flood forecast. Results show that the association of the GMKHM model and the TIGGE database gives a promising tool for the anticipation of flood events several days ahead,, comparable with that driven by raingauge observation.

Hydrodynamic Simulation of Seasonal Fluvial Process over a Large Catchment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Tong ◽  
Qiuhua Liang ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Fluvial Processes ◽  
Modelling System ◽  
Large Catchment

<p>Fluvial flooding induced by intense or prolonged rainfall poses a regular threat to people’s lives and properties in almost every part of the world. Modelling provides an essential tool for simulating and predicting the hydrological processes from rainfall-runoff to flooding driven by rainfall. Prediction of seasonal or longer-term fluvial processes over large catchments has traditionally been carried out using lumped/distributed hydrological models. However, these traditional hydrological models do not consider strict momentum conservation and they are not suited for accurate simulation of highly transient and dynamic rainfall-runoff and flooding process. On the other hand, sophisticated hydraulic/ hydrodynamic models have been widely used for modelling of flood inundation including those violent flash floods from intense rainfall. But due to their inhibitive computational cost and incapability in representing certain hydrological processes, no attempt has been reported to use a fully 2D hydrodynamic model to simulate long-term fluvial processes to provide more detailed information for the analysis of flood dynamics and subsequent impact on the environment.</p><p>Therefore, this work aims to further develop and test a hydrodynamic model to simulate seasonal fluvial processes in a large catchment. The proposed long-term fluvial processes modelling system is based on the High-Performance Integrated hydrodynamic Modelling System (HiPIMS). HiPIMS solves the full 2D nonlinear shallow water equations using a finite volume shock-capturing numerical method, which is further accelerated by modern GPUs for large-scale and long-term simulations. Surface storage, overland flow and flow dynamics are automatically captured by running simulations on high-resolution topographic data. New model components are developed and coupled to HiPIMS to account for infiltration and evaporation. For infiltration, the Green-Ampt method and curve number method are implemented and compared. The enhanced HiPIMS is applied to reproduce, at 20m resolution, the seasonal fluvial processes including flooding and recovery periods in the 2500km<sup>2</sup> Eden Catchment, England for three months.</p><p>The simulation results are compared with gauge measurements of water level and discharge across the catchment to demonstrate the model’s capability in supporting long-term simulations. More simulations have been also carried out to investigate the model sensitivity to key model parameters, e.g. grid resolution, friction, infiltration and evaporation parameters.</p><p> </p>

Influence of burning intensity on water repellency and hydrological processes at forest and shrub sites in Portugal

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. D. Ferreira ◽  
C. O. A. Coelho ◽  
A. K. Boulet ◽  
G. Leighton-Boyce ◽  
J. J. Keizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽  
Water Repellence

In addition to the incineration of vegetation and litter layer, fires are also responsible for the formation of a water repellent layer with significantly different severity and spatial distribution patterns following different burning intensities. Those spatial distribution patterns have an enormous influence on soil wetting patterns, and on hydrological processes at different scales. This study attempts to understand the role of water repellence severity and spatial distribution patterns on soil, slope, and catchment water processes, and on the transmission of hydrological processes between different scales. The comparison between microplot (0.24 m2), plot (16 m2), and catchment (<1.2 km2) scales shows that water repellence spatial homogeneity enhances water fluxes transfer between the different scales. In fact, the more intense the fires, the more severe and spatially uniform the soil water repellency became. For burned areas with heterogeneous soil water repellency, overland flow produced in water repellent patches infiltrated downslope at hydrophilic sites, thereby reducing superficial water fluxes at wider scales. For the more severe and homogeneous water repellent areas following forest wildfires, overland flow was enhanced downslope, increasing fast superficial water fluxes at wider scales.

A tidal creek water budget: Estimation of groundwater discharge and overland flow using hydrologic modeling in the Southern Everglades

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Michot ◽  
Ehab A. Meselhe ◽  
Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ◽  
Carlos Coronado-Molina ◽  
Robert R. Twilley
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
Hydrologic Modeling ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Tidal Creek ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Creek Water
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