scholarly journals Distributed-Framework Basin Modeling System: I. Overview and Model Coupling

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhai Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Hua ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Xiaoning Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Basin Modeling ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Distributed Framework

To better simulate the river basin hydrological cycle and to solve practical engineering application issues, this paper describes the distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS), which concatenate a professional hydrological model system, a geographical integrated system, and a database management system. DFBMS has two cores, which are the distributed-frame professional modeling system (DF-PMS) and the double-object sharing structure (DOSS). An area/region that has the same mechanism of runoff generation and/or movement is defined as one type of hydrological feature unit (HFU). DF-PMS adopts different kinds of HFUs to simulate the whole watershed hydrological cycle. The HFUs concept is the most important component of DF-PMS, enabling the model to simulate the hydrological process with empirical equations or physical-based submodules. Based on the underlying source code, the sharing uniform data structure, named DOSS, is proposed to accomplish the integration of a hydrological model and geographical information system (GIS), which is a new way of exploring temporal GIS. DFBMS has different numerical schemes including conceptual and distributed models. The feasibility and practicability of DFBMS are proven through its application in different study areas.

scholarly journals Distributed-Framework Basin Modeling System: Ⅲ. Hydraulic Modeling System

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Li ◽  
Chuanhai Wang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Pingnan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
River Network ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Basin Modeling ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Distributed Framework ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Huai River ◽  
River Modeling

A distributed-framework basin modeling system (DFBMS) was developed to simulate the runoff generation and movement on a basin scale. This study is part of a series of papers on DFBMS that focuses on the hydraulic calculation methods in runoff concentration on underlying surfaces and flow movement in river networks and lakes. This paper introduces the distributed-framework river modeling system (DF-RMS) that is a professional modeling system for hydraulic modeling. The DF-RMS contains different hydrological feature units (HFUs) to simulate the runoff movement through a system of rivers, storage units, lakes, and hydraulic structures. The river network simulations were categorized into different types, including one-dimensional river branch, dendritic river network, loop river network, and intersecting river network. The DF-RMS was applied to the middle and downstream portions of the Huai River Plain in China using different HFUs for river networks and lakes. The simulation results showed great consistency with the observed data, which proves that DF-RMS is a reliable system to simulate the flow movement in river networks and lakes.

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan ◽  
Suhad Almuktar ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Time Step ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Northern Iraq

It has become necessary to estimate the quantities of runoff by knowing the amount of rainfall to calculate the required quantities of water storage in reservoirs and to determine the likelihood of flooding. The present study deals with the development of a hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS), which uses Digital Elevation Models (DEM). This hydrological model was used by means of the Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension (HEC-GeoHMS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to identify the discharge of the Al-Adhaim River catchment and embankment dam in Iraq by simulated rainfall-runoff processes. The meteorological models were developed within the HEC-HMS from the recorded daily rainfall data for the hydrological years 2015 to 2018. The control specifications were defined for the specified period and one day time step. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve number (SCS-CN), SCS Unit Hydrograph and Muskingum methods were used for loss, transformation and routing calculations, respectively. The model was simulated for two years for calibration and one year for verification of the daily rainfall values. The results showed that both observed and simulated hydrographs were highly correlated. The model’s performance was evaluated by using a coefficient of determination of 90% for calibration and verification. The dam’s discharge for the considered period was successfully simulated but slightly overestimated. The results indicated that the model is suitable for hydrological simulations in the Al-Adhaim river catchment.

scholarly journals Diagnostic calibration of a hydrological model in an alpine area

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1253-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. He ◽  
F. Tian ◽  
H. C. Hu ◽  
H. V. Gupta ◽  
H. P. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Alpine Area ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tailan River Basin

Abstract. Hydrological modeling depends on single- or multiple-objective strategies for parameter calibration using long time sequences of observed streamflow. Here, we demonstrate a diagnostic approach to the calibration of a hydrological model of an alpine area in which we partition the hydrograph based on the dominant runoff generation mechanism (groundwater baseflow, glacier melt, snowmelt, and direct runoff). The partitioning reflects the spatiotemporal variability in snowpack, glaciers, and temperature. Model parameters are grouped by runoff generation mechanism, and each group is calibrated separately via a stepwise approach. This strategy helps to reduce the problem of equifinality and, hence, model uncertainty. We demonstrate the method for the Tailan River basin (1324 km2) in the Tianshan Mountains of China with the help of a semi-distributed hydrological model (THREW).

scholarly journals Prediction of snowmelt derived streamflow in a wetland dominated prairie basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1103-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fang ◽  
J. W. Pomeroy ◽  
C. J. Westbrook ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
A. G. Minke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spot 5

Abstract. The eastern Canadian Prairies are dominated by cropland, pasture, woodland and wetland areas. The region is characterized by many poor and internal drainage systems and large amounts of surface water storage. Consequently, basins here have proven challenging to hydrological model predictions which assume good drainage to stream channels. The Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) is an assembly system that can be used to set up physically based, flexible, object oriented models. CRHM was used to create a prairie hydrological model for the externally drained Smith Creek Research Basin (~400 km2), east-central Saskatchewan. Physically based modules were sequentially linked in CRHM to simulate snow processes, frozen soils, variable contributing area and wetland storage and runoff generation. Five "representative basins" (RBs) were used and each was divided into seven hydrological response units (HRUs): fallow, stubble, grassland, river channel, open water, woodland, and wetland as derived from a supervised classification of SPOT 5 imagery. Two types of modelling approaches calibrated and uncalibrated, were set up for 2007/08 and 2008/09 simulation periods. For the calibrated modelling, only the surface depression capacity of upland area was calibrated in the 2007/08 simulation period by comparing simulated and observed hydrographs; while other model parameters and all parameters in the uncalibrated modelling were estimated from field observations of soils and vegetation cover, SPOT 5 imagery, and analysis of drainage network and wetland GIS datasets as well as topographic map based and LiDAR DEMs. All the parameters except for the initial soil properties and antecedent wetland storage were kept the same in the 2008/09 simulation period. The model performance in predicting snowpack, soil moisture and streamflow was evaluated and comparisons were made between the calibrated and uncalibrated modelling for both simulation periods. Calibrated and uncalibrated predictions of snow accumulation were very similar and compared fairly well with the distributed field observations for the 2007/08 period with slightly poorer results for the 2008/09 period. Soil moisture content at a point during the early spring was adequately simulated and very comparable between calibrated and uncalibrated results for both simulation periods. The calibrated modelling had somewhat better performance in simulating spring streamflow in both simulation periods, whereas the uncalibrated modelling was still able to capture the streamflow hydrographs with good accuracy. This suggests that prediction of prairie basins without calibration is possible if sufficient data on meteorology, basin landcover and physiography are available.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of Indian River basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Balwant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Runoff Generation

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission is altering the global hydrological cycle due to change in rainfall pattern and rising temperature which is responsible for alteration in the physical characteristics of river basin, melting of ice, drought, flood, extreme weather events and alteration in groundwater recharge. In India, water demand for domestic, industrial and agriculture purposes have already increased many folds which are also influencing the water resource system. In addition, climate change has induced the surface temperature of the Indian subcontinent by 0.48 ºC in just last century. However, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basins have great importance for their exceptional hydro-geological settings and deltaic floodplain wetland ecosystems which support 700 million people in Asia. The climatic variability like alterations in precipitation and temperature over GBM river basins has been observed which signifies the GBM as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world under the potential impact of climate change. Consequently, alteration in river discharge, higher runoff generation, low groundwater recharge and melting of glaciers over GBM river basin could be observed in near future. The consequence of these changes due to climate change over GBM basin may create serious water problem for Indian sub-continents. This paper reviews the literature on the historical climate variations and how climate change affects the hydrological characteristics of different river basins.

Comparing urban sub-catchment delineation approaches for dynamic hydrological modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Back ◽  
Fabian Funke ◽  
Peter Marcus Bach ◽  
Joao Paulo Leitao ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Catchment Delineation ◽  
The Way

<p>In the face of rapid urban and population growth and with climate change altering precipitation patterns, urban water management is becoming increasingly demanding. Numerous software, tools and approaches to study urban water flow behaviour and model hydrological processes exist. However, the understanding of water movement in urban areas, especially during extreme events, and the physical principles behind them, as well as the interaction between the natural and the urban hydrological cycle is still incomplete. For decades, models suited for urban hydrological analysis greatly impacted the improvement of flood protection, public health and environmental protection, changing the way we look at urban water and stormwater management. In order to calculate accurate quantities of runoff in any rainfall/runoff model, information about urban sub-catchment characteristics plays an important role. Size, shape, topography, as well as land use influencing infiltration rates and evapotranspiration, are of great importance to calculate accurate runoff quantities on the urban scale. New implementations to reduce runoff towards the sewer system, such as decentralised stormwater techniques, increase the urgent need for accurate and high-resolution local/neighbourhood-scale information. Spatial and temporal developments require water management models to be connected with GIS (Geographical Information Systems). Initially not being developed to interact with each other, multiple approaches exist to combine GIS with water management models. Nevertheless, defining urban sub-catchments for rainfall-runoff modelling is often still performed manually using specific maps or using simple surface partitioning algorithms such as the Thiessen polygons. A significant disadvantage in generating urban sub-catchments manually is the fact that natural surface inclination is usually not considered, influencing the size and shape of the delineated sub-catchments. So far, only a few studies have devoted attention to improving the way urban sub-catchments are delineated and the information about their surface characteristics is generated. This study evaluates a GIS-based approach to automatically delineate urban sub-catchments accounting for the location of nodes (actual manholes or drain inlets) as sub-catchment outlets. In order to compare the influence of the sub-catchment delineation methods (1 to 3), we use (1) a digital surface model (DSM) and (2) a digital elevation model (DEM) to automatically delineate the urban sub-catchments and compare these two methods with each other as well as with (3) already manually derived sub-catchments of a specific case study. Furthermore, we compare hydraulic simulation results from the software SWMM with measured flow data to infer the most accurate sub-catchment delineation method.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of future hydrological cycle under climate change scenarios in a mesoscale Alpine watershed of Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1769-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Groppelli ◽  
A. Soncini ◽  
D. Bocchiola ◽  
R. Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
Alpine Watershed ◽  
Flow Variables

Abstract. We investigate future (2045–2054) hydrological cycle of the snow fed Oglio (≈1800 km2) Alpine watershed in Northern Italy. A Stochastic Space Random Cascade (SSRC) approach is used to downscale future precipitation from three general circulation models, GCMs (PCM, CCSM3, and HadCM3) available within the IPCC's data base and chosen for this purpose based upon previous studies. We then downscale temperature output from the GCMs to obtain temperature fields for the area. We also consider a projected scenario based upon trends locally observed in former studies, LOC scenario. Then, we feed the downscaled fields to a minimal hydrological model to build future hydrological scenarios. We provide projected flow duration curves and selected flow descriptors, giving indication of expected modified (against control run for 1990–1999) regime of low flows and droughts and flood hazard, and thus evaluate modified peak floods regime through indexed flood. We then assess the degree of uncertainty, or spread, of the projected water resources scenarios by feeding the hydrological model with ensembles projections consistent with our deterministic (GCMs + LOC) scenarios, and we evaluate the significance of the projected flow variables against those observed in the control run. The climate scenarios from the adopted GCMs differ greatly from one another with respect to projected precipitation amount and temperature regimes, and so do the projected hydrological scenarios. A relatively good agreement is found upon prospective shrinkage and shorter duration of the seasonal snow cover due to increased temperature patterns, and upon prospective increase of hydrological losses, i.e. evapotranspiration, for the same reason. However, precipitation patterns are less consistent, because HadCM3 and PCM models project noticeably increased precipitation for 2045–2054, whereas CCSM3 provides decreased precipitation patterns therein. The LOC scenario instead displays unchanged precipitation. The ensemble simulations indicate that several projected flow variables under the considered scenarios are significantly different from their control run counterparts, and also that snow cover seems to significantly decrease in duration and depth. The proposed hydrological scenarios eventually provide a what-if analysis, giving a broad view of the possible expected impacts of climate change within the Italian Alps, necessary to trigger the discussion about future adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals The influence of deforestation and anthropogenic activities on runoff generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleghi Mohammad Reza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Flood Peak

In recent decades, due to rapid human population increases and in its results, destructive effects of anthropogenic activities on natural resources have become a great challenge. Land use and vegetation are important factors in soil erosion and runoff generation. This study was performed to assess the effects of different amounts of forest cover on the control of runoff and soil loss in the Talar basin, which is located in Mazandaran province, using a runoffrainfall model, geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) to determine the hydrologic effects of deforestation on the Talar watershed (north of Iran). A runoff-rainfall model has been presented using GIS (HECGeoHMS) and hydrologic model (HEC-HMS). Land use changes (deforestation) and anthropogenic activities (roads and impervious surfaces development) were evaluated using RS techniques and satellite images. We used the Soil Conservation Service and Curve Number methods for hydrograph simulation and runoff estimation, respectively. First, a model was performed and optimized. Afterward, the optimized model was evaluated by other six events of floods (model validation). According to the obtained results, the runoff generation potential has been increased in the Talar watershed due to deforestation during the last forty years. Land use changes cause an increase in runoff volume and flood peak discharge.

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