scholarly journals Using Concentration–Discharge Relationships to Identify Influences on Surface and Subsurface Water Chemistry along a Watershed Urbanization Gradient

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Balerna ◽  
Jacob C. Melone ◽  
Karen L. Knee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Urbanization Gradient ◽  
Urbanized Streams

Urban development within watersheds impacts the hydrology and water quality of streams, but changes to groundwater–surface water interactions in this “urban stream syndrome” are not yet well understood. This study focused on three stream systems in a northern Virginia (USA) protected area with 14.2, 31.7, and 66.1% developed land in their watersheds. Surface water was sampled weekly for nutrients, dissolved metals, sulfate, ancillary water quality parameters, and discharge over two non-consecutive years with the hyporheic zone sampled during the second year. Concentration–discharge relationships revealed largely chemostatic behavior in surface water solutes in the least urbanized stream, while in the two more urbanized streams, these relationships tended to have significant positive and negative slopes, indicating diverse delivery pathways depending on the constituent. In the least urbanized stream, linear regressions between discharge and solute concentrations in hyporheic water had exclusively negative slopes, indicating source-limited delivery, while the other two urbanized streams maintained largely chemostatic behavior. Average specific conductance and nitrate + nitrite concentrations in stream surface water reflected an urbanization gradient, while sulfate, Ca, K and Sr concentrations suggested a threshold effect: the stream with a mostly forested watershed had the lowest concentrations, while the other two were higher and similar. Specific conductance indicated salinization of both surface and groundwater at the two more urban streams, possibly threatening aquatic organisms. Metal concentrations in surface and subsurface water were often positively correlated with specific conductance and negatively correlated with pH, suggesting that they may originate from road salt and/or be mobilized by acid precipitation. These results indicate the importance of monitoring both baseflow and stormflow as pathways for pollution.

Nitrogen patterns in subsurface waters of the Yzeron stream: effect of combined sewer overflows and subsurface–surface water mixing

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2632-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Aucour ◽  
T. Bariac ◽  
P. Breil ◽  
P. Namour ◽  
L. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Urbanization subjects streams to increased nitrogen loads. Therefore studying nitrogen forms at the interface between urban stream and groundwater is important for water resource management. In this study we report results on water δ18O and nitrogen forms in subsurface waters of a stream (Yzeron, France). The sites studied were located upstream and downstream of combined sewer overflows (CSO) in a rural area and a periurban area, respectively. Water δ18O allowed us to follow the mixing of subsurface water with surface water. Dissolved organic nitrogen and organic carbon of fine sediment increased by 20–30% between rural and periurban subsurface waters in the cold season, under high flow. The highest nitrate levels were observed in rural subsurface waters in the cold season. The lowest nitrate levels were found in periurban subsurface waters in the warm season, under low flow. They corresponded to slow exchange of subsurface waters with channel water. Thus reduced exchange between surface and subsurface waters and organic-matter-rich input seemed to favor nitrate reduction in the downstream, periurban, subsurface waters impacted by CSO.

Baseflow contribution to nitrates in an urban stream in Daejeon, Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3216-3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kim ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
Y. Lim ◽  
M. Jung ◽  
D. Kong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
The Impact

It is a well-known fact that baseflow discharge of rainfall runoff significantly impacts the quality of surface water. In this paper, the impact of nitrates discharged as baseflow on stream water quality were studied using PULSE, a hydrograph separation software developed by USGS, to calculate the monthly baseflow discharge. We took water quality and flow rate data from a monitoring station site (code: Ghapcehon2) in Daejeon city and acquired 2005 groundwater quality data in the watershed from government agencies. Agricultural and forestry land use are dominant in the area. The baseflow contributes 85%–95% of stream flows during the spring and fall, 25%–38% during the summer and winter. The monthly nitrate loading discharged as baseflow for Ghapcheon2 was estimated by using monitored nitrate concentrations of groundwater in the watershed. Nitrate loading induced by baseflow at Ghapcheon2 was estimated as 5.4 tons of NO3−-N/km2, which is about 60% of nitrate loading of surface water, or 9.2 tons of NO3−-N/km2. This study shows that groundwater quality monitoring is important for proper management of surface water quality.

Mobility of Metals from Fly Ashes and its Potential Impact on Surface Water Quality in Guizhou Province, Southwestern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Hai Bo Luo ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Ju Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
High Concentrations

In order to evaluate the impacts of metals mobility from fly ashes on surface water quality, the dissolved metals concentrations in the stream and pond waters nearby fly ash piles were investigated at the thermal power plant regions in central Guizhou Province, and batch leaching or column leaching tests for the fly ashes were performed. The results shown that the most mobile of the metals leached were Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd from fly ashes and the concentrations of the metals in leachate solutions increased with the amount of fly ashes, and high concentrations of Pb (0.040~0.886 mg L−1), Cr (0.025~0.315 mg L−1) and Cd (0.007~0.052 mg L−1) in the leachates from fly ashes, and then there is an mobility of dissolved metals to the surface waters impacted by the runoff or leaching water. In thermal power plant areas, the concentrations of Pb, Cr and Cd in the stream waters and the pond waters nearby fly ash piles were 0.024~0.374 mg L−1, 0.030~0.212 mg L−1 and 0.014~0.035 mg L−1, respectively, as indicated by high concentrations of Pb, Cr and Cd, making it unsuitable for human drinking, suggesting a environmental problem of runoff or leaching water from fly ash pile in those areas.

scholarly journals Water Quality Monitoring in Inle Lake, Myanmar from the Floating Garden Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Theingi Khaung ◽  
Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai ◽  
Thammared Chuasavathi ◽  
Thammared Chuasavathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices

Inle Lake is the second largest inland lake in Myanmar. Floating gardens, mostly for tomato cultivation, are a unique and profitable method of agriculture used by people living on and around the lake. This study investigated the water quality of Inle Lake and how it has been affected by the different agricultural practices used in tomato cultivation on floating garden beds, by measuring pollution levels. Water samples were collected from the sites representing two types of agricultural practice from four villages. The first was designated as being grown under good agricultural practices (GAP), and the other as under non-good agricultural practices (non-GAP), with this study undertaken during wet season, 2019 and dry season, 2020. Two additional sets of water samples were collected as references. One of these sets was from the center of the lake and the other from an inlet stream to the lake. All water samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results found that Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- were dominant in the lake surface water. The results showed significant differences in the mean values for some water quality parameters between the GAP and non-GAP of each study sites in both seasons. In particular, nutrient pollution from chemicals such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the non-GAP were significantly higher than those from GAP. Water quality index was calculated to describe the overall quality of lake surface water. It was observed that the water quality was almost threatened in the floating garden areas.  In comparison between two practices, the non-GAP gave the higher water quality index value than the GAP. This investigated that poor management of fertilizers usage has had a negative effect on the water quality of the lake. The differences seen in water quality from the GAP and non-GAP areas, point to ways to successfully manage sources of water pollution in order to better conserve the lake by sustainable agricultural production.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN POTENSI SUMBERDAYA AIR DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Hendra Tjahjono ◽  
Kusno Wibowo ◽  
Wage Komarawidjaja
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Many

Air, baik air tanah maupun air permukaan merupakan sumber kehidupan yang tidak dapat tergantikan oleh apa pun dan tanpa air, manusia, hewan dan tanaman tidak akan dapat hidup terutama sebagai air minum. Tetapi dalam pemanfaatannya, masih banyak yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya ataupun mempergunakan sampai diluar batas, sehingga disatu sisi banyak yang terbuang dengan sia-sia tetapi dilain sisi banyak yang membutuhkan. Penggunaan air selama dasa warsa terakhir ini meningkat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain oleh kegiatan manusia yang semakin bervariasi, pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang meningkat, maka jumlah air untuk kebutuhan manusia juga meningkat dan hal ini berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air. Selain itu juga berpengaruh terhadap keterbatasan air dan kondisi alam. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu system pengelolaan air yang sangat baik dengan memperhatikan akan kondisi alam dan ketersediaan akan air sehingga tercapai suatu pengelolaan yang sesuai dengan tata kelola air. Kata kunci : air, pengelolaan air, lingkungan AbstractWater, both ground water and surface water is the source of life that can not be replaced by anything and without water, people, animals and plants will not be able to live.But in its utilization, there are still many who are not as intended or use to beyond the limit, so that on one hand many are wasted in vain, but on the other side of the many in need. Use of water during the last decade has increased due to several factors, among others,by human activities increasingly varied, the number of population increases, the amount of water for human needs has also increased and this contributes to water quality. It also affects the limitations of water and natural conditions. It required a water management system is very good with attention to natural condition sand the availability of water in order to reach an appropriate management of the water governance and the availability of clean wateris needed.  Keywords: water, water management, environment

scholarly journals Long-term Assessment of Floodplain Reconnection as a Stream Restoration Approach for Managing Nitrogen in Groundwater and Surface Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mayer ◽  
Michael Pennino ◽  
Tammy Newcomer-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Stream restoration is a popular approach for managing nitrogen in degraded, flashy urban streams. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of geomorphic stream restoration on riparian and in-stream N transport and transformation in an urban stream in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We examined relationships between hydrology, chemistry, and biology using a Before/After-Control/Impact (BACI) study design to determine how flashiness and N concentrations and flux changed after the restoration. We examined two independent surface water and groundwater data sets collected from 2002–2012 at our study sites in the Minebank Run watershed, modeled N flux, and compared our data to similar long-term data from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER (BES) that served as reference sites. Restoration was completed during 2004 and 2005. Afterward, the monthly flashiness index, based on mean monthly discharge, decreased over time from 2002 and 2008. Groundwater nitrate (NO3−) concentrations trended slightly downward over time after the restoration at the restored site while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations trended upward whereas no trends were observed at the control site. Comparisons of NO3− concentrations with Cl− concentrations and specific conductance in both groundwater and surface water suggested that N reductions over time at the restored sites were not due to dilution. Similar patterns at BES sites suggested that declining NO3− was a function of restoration and watershed management, not larger regional factors such as decreased atmospheric inputs. DOC and NO3− were negatively related before and after restoration suggesting C limitation of N transformation. Long-term trends in surface water NO3− based on USGS data showed downward trends after restoration at both the restored and control sites while specific conductance showed no trend, suggesting that load reductions were not responsible for NO3− patterns. Modeled NO3− flux decreased post restoration in both the short and long-terms. Groundwater NO3− concentrations varied among stream features suggesting that some engineered features may be functionally better at creating optimal conditions for N removal. However, some engineered features eroded and failed post restoration thereby reducing efficacy of the restoration to reduce flashiness and NO3− flux. N management via stream restoration will be most effective where flashiness can be reduced, and DOC made available for denitrifiers. Stream restoration may be an important component of holistic watershed management including stormwater management and nutrient source control.

Use of neural networks for monitoring surface water quality changes in a neotropical urban stream

2008 ◽  
Vol 155 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Oliveira Souza da Costa ◽  
Priscila Ferreira Silva ◽  
Millôr Godoy Sabará ◽  
Esly Ferreira da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Quality Changes

Physicochemical Patterns within a Hyporheic Zone of a Northern Michigan River, with Comments on Surface Water Patterns

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Hendricks ◽  
David S. White
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Depth Gradients ◽  
Northern Michigan ◽  
Sand Bottom

Interstitial temperature and chemistry were examined longitudinally and with depth in a hyporheic zone beneath a riffle–pool sequence of a third-order, sand-bottom river in northern Michigan (USA). Longitudinal and depth patterns were compared with surface and groundwater chemistries at the site and with surface chemistry over a 10-km length of the river. Interstitial water was more characteristic of surface water at the upstream end of the hyporheic zone and of groundwater at the downstream end. Hyporheic longitudinal and depth patterns occurred for temperature, chloride, silica, soluble reactive phosphorus, and winter dissolved oxygen. Dissolved organic carbon decreased with depth, but not with longitudinal distance downstream within the hyporheic zone. Hyporheic nitrate and ammonium patterns were variable, but concentrations generally increased downstream. Hyporheic specific conductance and alkalinity decreased with distance downstream, but not with depth. Gradients for temperature, chloride, silica, nitrate, and phosphate over the 10-km surface water reach were similar to those observed within the single hyporheic zone. Hyporheic chemistry patterns were consistent with models of underflow through porous substrata implying ground water/surface water interaction. Importance of the hyporheic zone should not be overlooked in solute transport or stream nutrient budgets.

scholarly journals Simultaneous attenuation of trace organics and change in organic matter composition in the hyporheic zone of urban streams

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit M. Mueller ◽  
Hanna Schulz ◽  
Robert E. Danczak ◽  
Anke Putschew ◽  
Joerg Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
High Attenuation

AbstractTrace organic compounds (TrOCs) enter rivers with discharge of treated wastewater. These effluents can contain high loads of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In a 48 h field study, we investigated changes in molecular composition of seven DOM compound classes (FTICR-MS) and attenuation of 17 polar TrOCs in a small urban stream receiving treated wastewater. Correlations between TrOCs and DOM were used to identify simultaneous changes in surface water and the hyporheic zone. Changes in TrOC concentrations in surface water ranged between a decrease of 29.2% for methylbenzotriazole and an increase of 152.2% for the transformation product gabapentin-lactam. In the hyporheic zone, only decreasing TrOC concentrations were observed, ranging from 4.9% for primidone to 93.8% for venlafaxine . TrOC attenuation coincided with a decline of molecular diversity of easily biodegradable DOM compound classes while molecular diversity of poorly biodegradable DOM compound classes increased. This concurrence indicates similar or linked attenuation pathways for biodegradable DOM and TrOCs. Strong correlations between TrOCs and DOM compound classes as well as high attenuation of TrOCs primarily occurred in the hyporheic zone. This suggests high potential for DOM turnover and TrOC mitigation in rivers if hyporheic exchange is sufficient.

AN EVALUATION OF SUB-SURFACE WATER QUALITY AROUND BHARUCH-SURAT INDUSTRIAL REGION, GUJARAT, INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-220
Author(s):  
SOMNATH SAHA ◽  
◽  
SUKANTA KUMAR SAHA ◽  
TATHAGATA GHOSH ◽  
ROLEE KANCHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Region
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