scholarly journals Water and Food Nexus: Role of Socio-Economic Status on Water–Food Nexus in an Urban Agglomeration Hyderabad, India using Consumption Water Footprint

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Koteswara Rao. D. ◽  
Satish K. Regonda ◽  
Chandrasekharam Dornadula
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Resource Variability

Cities are complex and evolving systems with various factors playing key roles, e.g., population increase, the migration of population, the availability of resources, and the flexibility of policies. Consumers' socioeconomic status is also an important aspect that needs to be studied in the context of a self-reliant urban city in its resource consumption. In this regard, the association between water–food and socio-economic attributes was analyzed based on the consumer-centric approach for the Hyderabad Metro Development Authority (HMDA) region, India. In this study, the embedded water content in food consumption was estimated and analyzed for nine food groups and twelve economic classes of the HMDA region. The middle economic classes were found to correspond to ~80% of embedded water content in the HMDA region, followed by the upper and lower economic classes. Except for cereals, per capita, the water consumption of all food groups increased with the spending power of the economic class. The green, blue, and grey consumption water footprints (WFs) suggested that much of the water that is being consumed in the HMDA region is precipitation-driven, followed by surface and groundwater resources. Limited water resources, water resource variability, climate change consequences including future climate projections, uncertainty in data, WF estimates, and region’s future growth imply a detailed study in drafting policies to become a self-reliant region.

FOOD CONSUMPTION OF CHILDREN AGED 1 TO 5 IN PHUOC VINH WARD, HUE CITY BY 24 HOURS FOOD RECORDING

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Thi Bach Yen Hoang ◽  
Thi Hai Pham ◽  
Dinh Tuyen Hoang ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Food Consumed

Food consumption survey is an essential parts of nutrition surveys. It helps to determine the type and quantity of food consumed, assessing the balance of the diet, the relationship between nutrient intake and health, diseases, and economic status, culture society... There are many methods to investigate food consumption. 24-hour food record is a method that record all food consumed by the subject during previous 24 hours. Using this method in chidren helps to assess the their diet to see if it responses the demand in order to have proper nutrition. Objectives: 1. Calculating the number of each food groups consumed within 24 hours of children 1 to 5 years in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue City; 2. Assessing the quality of their diet and some related factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 200 pairs of children aged 1 to 5 and parents or caregivers living in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue city and some related factors. Results: 82% of the children’s diets covered 4 food groups. Prevalence of glucide, protein, lipide out of the total energy intake were 44.1%, 19.5%, 36.3% respectively within group of 12-<48 months and 50%, 19.5%, 30.6% respectively within group of 48-<72 months. Total energy and protein intake were higher than demanded (p <0.05) while glucide and lipide were lower than demanded (p <0.05). Economical status of family was significant associated with variety of food (all 4 food groups) in the diet of children (p <0.05) and total energy consumed (p <0.05). Conclusion: The children did not have proper nutrition so further research need to be implemented to have suitable interventions. Key words: 24 hours food records, children aged 1 to 5, Hue city.

scholarly journals Water footprint of crop production for different crop structures in the Hebei southern plain, North China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingmin Chu ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
Zaijian Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
The North ◽  
Groundwater Overdraft ◽  
Southern Plain

Abstract. The North China Plain (NCP) is serious lack of fresh water resources, while crop production consumed about 75 % of the region's water. To estimate water consumption of different crops and crop structures in the NCP, the Hebei southern plain (HSP) was selected as a study area because it is a typical region of groundwater overdraft in the NCP. In this study, water footprint (WF) was being used which was consisted of green, blue and grey components. The results showed: (1) the WF of the main crops production was about 51.0 km3 in 2012 and winter wheat, vegetables and summer maize were in the top three leading among the main crops in the HSP, while the water footprint intensity (WFI) of cotton was the largest and vegetables were the smallest; (2) winter wheat and vegetables consumed the main groundwater and their blue water footprint (WFblue) accounted for 66.0 % of the total WFblue in the HSP; (3) the crop structure scenarios analysis indicated that, with about 20 % of arable land cultivating winter wheat-summer maize in rotation, 40 % spring maize, 10 % vegetables and 10 % fruiters can promote the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources, at the same time can ensure sufficient supply of food, vegetables and fruits in the HSP.

scholarly journals A review of seawater intrusion in the Nile Delta groundwater system – the basis for assessing impacts due to climate changes and water resources development

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 10873-10911 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Mabrouk ◽  
A. Jonoski ◽  
D. Solomatine ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Regional Process ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Resources Development

Abstract. Serious environmental problems are emerging in the River Nile basin and its groundwater resources. Recent years have brought scientific evidence of climate change and development-induced environmental impacts globally as well as over Egypt. Some impacts are subtle, like decline of the Nile River water levels, others are dramatic like the salinization of all coastal land in the Nile Delta – the agricultural engine of Egypt. These consequences have become a striking reality causing a set of interconnected groundwater management problems. Massive population increase that overwhelmed the Nile Delta region has amplified the problem. Many researchers have studied these problems from different perspectives using different methodologies, following different objectives and, consequently, arrived at different findings. However, they all confirmed that significant groundwater salinization has affected the Nile Delta and this is likely to become worse rapidly in the future. This article presents, categorizes and critically analyses and synthesizes the most relevant research regarding climate change and development challenges in relation to groundwater resources in the Nile Delta. It is shown that there is a gap in studies that focus on sustainable groundwater resources development and environmentally sound protection as an integrated regional process in Nile Delta. Moreover, there is also a knowledge gap related to the deterioration of groundwater quality. The article recommends further research that covers the groundwater resources and salinization in the whole Nile Delta based on integrated three-dimensional groundwater modelling of the Nile delta aquifer.

Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjective:To explore dietary differences according to socio-economic and sociocultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults.Design:A systematic review was conducted.Setting:The main search source was MEDLINE, consulted between January 2012 and March 2017. Quality of selected studies was assessed based on dietary measurement method, sample selection, socio-economic indicator choice and statistical modelling.Participants:Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, assessing relationships between socio-economic status and dietary intake (patterns, scores and food groups) in the 10- to 40-year-old general population of high-income countries, were selected.Results:Among the 7250 reports identified, forty were selected, seventeen of which were of high quality; their conclusions, related only to adolescents, were combined and presented. The most favourable dietary patterns, higher dietary scores, greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and lower consumption of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods, were associated with better parental socio-economic status, particularly in terms of higher education. Migrant status was associated with plant-based patterns, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods. For the other food groups, and for young adults, very few high-quality studies were found.Conclusions:The socio-economic gradient in adolescent diets requires confirmation by higher-grade studies of a wider set of food groups and must be extended to young adult populations. Future nutritional interventions should involve the most vulnerable adolescent populations, taking account of socio-economic status and migration.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status, lifestyle and childhood obesity in Gombe.

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
YS Alkali ◽  
JP Ambe ◽  
M Sabin ◽  
M Zacharin
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Third

Background: Childhood obesity is a complex condition resulting from an interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and socio-economic status. The prevalence has been increasing all over the world, probably due to economic transition and rapid urbanization as well as globalisation. This relationship should be well established for Improved Health Planning in Gombe State and Nigeria.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of Childhood Obesity and it`s relationship with the Socio-Economic Status of Parents and guardians.Methodology: Anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents in both public and private schools from primary to secondary levels were taken and their BMI calculated. The socioeconomic statuses of their parents, as well as the lifestyle of the children were assessed.Results: Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in children whose parents belonged to the middle and upper socio-economic class; these children had televisions and computers in their rooms and were driven to schoolConclusion: The picture is completely the reverse of what is obtainable in the developed and industrialised nations where overweight and obesity are more prevalent in children of the lower socio-economic class. Authors` contribution: The first author is the lead researcher and is a staff of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe while the second author, a staff of University of Maiduguri is the first supervisor who gave guidelines and made corrections. The second and the third authors are members of staff of the University of Melbourne in Australia; the third author provided a template on which the questionaire was based while the fourth author who is also the second supervisor, is a tutor of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology; she facilitated the acceptance of the proposal and the sponsorship for the research. The research was carried out in Gombe, the capital of Gombe State in North Eastern NigeriaKeywords: Socio-Economic, Childhood, Obesity, Nigeria

scholarly journals Study of efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose therapy in iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
M Vijayasree
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Target Haemoglobin

Background: Anaemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy and is responsible for higher of the maternal deaths in the developing countries. Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose, in anemic pregnant women, presenting at Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. Methods: Fifty patients with proved iron deficiency anemia having haemoglobin between 8-10gm% were included in the study. Total iron deficit was calculated by standard formula. Target haemoglobin to be achieved was 11gm%. Iron sucrose was administered by intravenous infusion in divided doses. Haemoglobin was repeated 3 weeks after the last dose of intravenous iron sucrose. Gestational Age, Socio economic class distribution was calculated in percentage , Pre and post treatment Hb% was calculated by mean and standard deviation and P-value was Assessed. Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 60% had gestational age between 32-34 weeks, 30% were in between 29-31 weeks of gestational age while 10% were between 26-28 weeks gestation. The Mean gestational age was 32.4±2.7. Distribution of cases by socio economic status showed, 40% belonged to lower class, 32% belonged to middle class and 28% were from upper class. Intravenous iron sucrose therapy was effective in 90% of the patients without any side effects. There were no allergic reactions. Conclusion: This study showed a significant improvement in the haemoglobin of the patients who received iron sucrose infusion. Patients achieved the target of 11 gram % haemoglobin. It was safe and well tolerated. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 107-110 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8216

scholarly journals Consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of micronutrients in southern Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1555-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Lima Cirino ◽  
Roberta de Vargas Zanini ◽  
Denise Petrucci Gigante
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Southern City

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the consumption of foods with voluntary fortification of vitamins and minerals (FVFVM) according to demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional population-based study.SettingThe investigated food groups were selected in two stages according to availability of food in the local market and prevalence of food consumption in a recent national survey. The research instruments included a questionnaire and a photographic catalogue. The FVFVM consumption covered a period of one week prior to the interview date. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12·0 statistical software package, considering the design effect and a hierarchical model. A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratios. All tests were two-tailed, with a 5·0 % significance level.SubjectsAdults (≥20 years old) living in a southern city of Brazil.ResultsBetween February and June 2012, 2925 individuals were interviewed. Losses and refusals corresponded to 13·4 % of the sample. The overall prevalence of FVFVM consumption was 73·3 (95 % CI 71·7, 75·9) %. The total number of FVFVM reported exhibited a distribution with a median of two and a maximum of fifteen, inflated by the FVFVM categorized in the ‘juice’ group. The micronutrients most consumed were vitamin C, followed by Fe and thiamin. Young adults, females, those of higher socio-economic status and those who perceived their health positively were more likely to consume FVFVM.ConclusionsPrevalence of FVFVM consumption in southern Brazil, occurring concurrently with the decline in consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, and the way voluntary fortification is being employed trigger a warning sign to primary prevention.

Modeling of a forested study site with the Community Land Model version 5 using climate projections for the 21st century.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Strebel ◽  
Klaus Goergen ◽  
Bibi S. Naz ◽  
Heye Bogena ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Community Land Model

&lt;p&gt;Modeling forest ecosystems is important to facilitate adaptations in forest management approaches necessary to address the challenges of climate change, particularly of interest are ecohydrological states and fluxes such as soil water content, biomass, leaf area index, and evapotranspiration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The community land model in its current version 5 (CLM5) simulates a broad collection of important land-surface processes; from moisture and energy partitioning, through biogeophysical processes, to surface and subsurface runoff. Additionally, CLM5 contains a biogeochemistry model (CLM5-BGC) which includes prognostic computation of vegetation states and carbon and nitrogen pools. However, CLM5 predictions are affected by uncertainty related to uncertain model forcings and parameters. Here, we use data assimilation methods to improve model performance by assimilating soil water content observations into CLM5 using the parallel data assimilation framework (PDAF).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The coupled modeling framework was applied to the small (38.5 ha) forested catchment W&amp;#252;stebach located in the Eifel National Park near the German-Belgian border. As part of the terrestrial environmental observatories (TERENO) network, the SoilNet sensors at the study site provide soil water content and soil temperature measurements since 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CLM5 simulations for the period 2009-2100 were made, using local atmospheric observations for the period of 2009-2018 and an ensemble of regional climate model projections for 2019-2100. Simulations illustrate that data assimilation of soil water content improves the characterization of past model states, and that estimated model parameters and default model parameters result in different trajectories of ecohydrological states for 2019-2100. The simulations also illustrate that this site is hardly affected by increased water stress in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The developed framework will be extended and applied for both ecosystem reanalysis as well as further simulations using climate projections across forested sites over Europe.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Investigation of Groundwater Depletion in the State of Qatar and Its Implication to Energy Water and Food Nexus

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Rajesh Govindan ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Freshwater Resource

Groundwater is a precious freshwater resource heavily relied upon by agricultural activities in many parts of the world, and especially by countries with limited water resources located in arid regions. Groundwater resources are under severe pressures due to population increase, urbanisation and socio-economic development, with potential for causing long-term threats to human life and natural ecosystems. This study attempts to investigate the impacts of local and regional climatic trends, and establish key forcing functions that have changed local groundwater resources. The main questions answered through this study include: Are these changes beneficial or detrimental? If they are detrimental, what is the future outlook for impacts on the ecosystem? What are the corrective actions needed to avert the long-term risks in arid environments? In view of this, the methodology developed in this study focuses on a joint time-series statistical analysis using ground data as well as Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. Results show a substantial depletion in the groundwater thickness (0.24 ± 0.20 cm/year) during the period of observation (2002–2020). Long-term temperature data indicates that the annual mean temperature increased significantly by 1.02 °C between 1987 and 2016, while total rainfall exhibited a slight decreasing trend. In addition to groundwater extraction, fluctuations in monthly rainfall, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and relative humidity support the groundwater thickness reduction of GRACE datasets. The use of desalinated water and wastewater reuse in the agriculture sector may reduce the pressure on groundwater resources. Optimization, adaptation and mitigation in the EWF nexus will further improve the sustainability of the EWF resources.

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