scholarly journals Industry-Driven versus Natural Groundwater Flow Regime at the Dead Sea Coastal Aquifer

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Yehuda Levy ◽  
Haim Gvirtzman
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Groundwater Flow Regime ◽  
Anthropogenic Development ◽  
The Dead

The coexistence of nature and anthropogenic development requires continuous monitoring and research to address and respond to unforeseen threatening processes that occur with time. This is particularly relevant to the groundwater flow regime in the coastal aquifer adjacent to the Dead Sea, the level of which is dropping, and the industrial evaporation ponds, whose levels are rising. The increasing hydraulic gradient between the two water bodies has produced severe leakage through the pond embankments. To prevent this leakage, a vertical deep sealing wall was built along the embankment. In this study, the overall leakage is calculated by mass balance, and the subsurface leakage component is numerically simulated, based on the mass balance and hydrological observations. Some of the leakage discharges into surface canals and some at the Dead Sea. The leakage volume increased from 20 mcm/year in the 1980s to 100 mcm/year before the sealing wall was built (in 2012), and from 60 mcm/year once the wall was established to 80 mcm/year today. Using the calibrated model, the leakage volume is predicted to increase in the next few decades, mainly through the Ye’elim alluvial fan. Further research effort is needed to come up with new preventive measures.

Groundwater flow regime within the Gambier Embayment of the Otway Basin, Australia: evidence from hydraulics and hydrochemistry

1993 ◽  
Vol 143 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Love ◽  
A.L. Herczeg ◽  
D. Armstrong ◽  
F. Stadter ◽  
E. Mazor
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Groundwater Flow Regime

scholarly journals Impacts of Development Pattern on Urban Groundwater Flow Regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 5198-5212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Barnes ◽  
Claire Welty ◽  
Andrew J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Urban Groundwater ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Groundwater Flow Regime

scholarly journals Dynamics of hydrological and geomorphological processes in evaporite karst at the eastern Dead Sea – a multidisciplinary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 3351-3395
Author(s):  
Djamil Al-Halbouni ◽  
Robert A. Watson ◽  
Eoghan P. Holohan ◽  
Rena Meyer ◽  
Ulrich Polom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Evaporite Karst ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Geomorphological Processes ◽  
The Dead

Abstract. Karst groundwater systems are characterized by the presence of multiple porosity types. Of these, subsurface conduits that facilitate concentrated, heterogeneous flow are challenging to resolve geologically and geophysically. This is especially the case in evaporite karst systems, such as those present on the shores of the Dead Sea, where rapid geomorphological changes are linked to a fall in base level by over 35 m since 1967. Here we combine field observations, remote-sensing analysis, and multiple geophysical surveying methods (shear wave reflection seismics, electrical resistivity tomography, ERT, self-potential, SP, and ground-penetrating radar, GPR) to investigate the nature of subsurface groundwater flow and its interaction with hypersaline Dead Sea water on the rapidly retreating eastern shoreline, near Ghor Al-Haditha in Jordan. Remote-sensing data highlight links between the evolution of surface stream channels fed by groundwater springs and the development of surface subsidence patterns over a 25-year period. ERT and SP data from the head of one groundwater-fed channel adjacent to the former lakeshore show anomalies that point to concentrated, multidirectional water flow in conduits located in the shallow subsurface (< 25 m depth). ERT surveys further inland show anomalies that are coincident with the axis of a major depression and that we interpret as representing subsurface water flow. Low-frequency GPR surveys reveal the limit between unsaturated and saturated zones (< 30 m depth) surrounding the main depression area. Shear wave seismic reflection data nearly 1 km further inland reveal buried paleochannels within alluvial fan deposits, which we interpret as pathways for groundwater flow from the main wadi in the area towards the springs feeding the surface streams. Finally, simulations of density-driven flow of hypersaline and undersaturated groundwaters in response to base-level fall perform realistically if they include the generation of karst conduits near the shoreline. The combined approaches lead to a refined conceptual model of the hydrological and geomorphological processes developed at this part of the Dead Sea, whereby matrix flow through the superficial aquifer inland transitions to conduit flow nearer the shore where evaporite deposits are encountered. These conduits play a key role in the development of springs, stream channels and subsidence across the study area.

scholarly journals Shear wave reflection seismics yields subsurface dissolution and subrosion patterns: application to the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site, Dead Sea, Jordan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Polom ◽  
Hussam Alrshdan ◽  
Djamil Al-Halbouni ◽  
Eoghan P. Holohan ◽  
Torsten Dahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sedimentary Architecture ◽  
The Dead

Abstract. Near-surface geophysical imaging of alluvial fan settings is a challenging task, but crucial for understating geological processes in such settings. The alluvial fan of Ghor Al-Haditha at the southeast shore of the Dead Sea is strongly affected by localized subsidence and destructive sinkhole collapses, with a significantly increasing sinkhole formation rate since ca. 1983. A similar increase is observed also on the western shore of the Dead Sea, in correlation with an ongoing decline of the Dead Sea level. Since different structural models of the upper 50 m of the alluvial fan and varying hypothetical sinkhole processes have been suggested for the Ghor Al-Haditha area in the past, this study aimed to clarify the subsurface characteristics responsible for sinkhole development. For this purpose, high-frequency shear wave reflection vibratory seismic surveys were carried out in the Ghor Al-Haditha area along several crossing and parallel profiles with a total length of 1.8 km and 2.1 km in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The sedimentary architecture of the alluvial fan at Ghor Al-Haditha is resolved down to a depth of nearly 200 m in high-resolution, and is calibrated with the stratigraphic profiles of two boreholes located inside the survey area. The most surprising result of the survey is the absence of evidence for a thick (> 2–10 m) compacted salt layer formerly suggested to lie at ca. 35–40 m depth. Instead, seismic reflection amplitudes and velocities image with good continuity a complex interlocking of alluvial fan deposits and lacustrine sediments of the Dead Sea between 0–200 m depth. Furthermore, the underground of areas affected by sinkholes is characterized by highly-scattering wave fields and reduced seismic interval velocities. We propose that the Dead Sea mud layers, which comprise distributed inclusions or lenses of evaporitic chloride, sulphate, and carbonate minerals as well as clay silicates, become increasingly exposed to unsaturated water as the sea level declines, and are consequently destabilized and mobilized by both dissolution and physical erosion in the subsurface. This new interpretation of the underlying cause of sinkhole development is supported by surface observations in nearby channel systems. Overall this study shows that shear wave seismic reflection technique is a promising method for enhanced near-surface imaging in such challenging alluvial fan settings.

Challenges to estimate surface- and groundwater flow in arid regions: The Dead Sea catchment

2014 ◽  
Vol 485-486 ◽  
pp. 828-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siebert ◽  
Tino Rödiger ◽  
Ulf Mallast ◽  
Agnes Gräbe ◽  
Joseph Guttman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

scholarly journals Controls on the Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages in the Modern Dead Sea Drainage System and in the Last Glacial Lake Lisan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 969-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Belmaker ◽  
Mordechai Stein ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli ◽  
Boaz Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Last Glacial

Carbon isotopic and chemical compositions of freshwaters feeding the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee (i.e. perennial streams and floods along their stream profiles) were used to constrain the factors that dictate the reservoir ages (RA) of these lakes and the last glacial Lake Lisan. Runoff waters are characterized by high Ca2+, Mg2+, alkalinity, and radiocarbon contents (67–108 pMC), suggesting a major role for 14C atmospheric exchange reactions (carbonate rock dissolution alone will result in lower pMC values). These exchange processes were corroborated by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13C trends throughout the flood profile. During the evolution from rain to incipient runoff, the 14CDIC of the water increases and is accompanied by a DIC increase and δ13CDIC decrease, suggesting an addition of soil CO2, which is characterized by light δ13C and high 14C content. When incipient runoffs evolve to floods, the opposite trends are observed.It appears that the Sea of Galilee, the Dead Sea, and its last glacial precursor, Lake Lisan, maintained uniform but specific RAs of 0.8 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.6 ± 0.3 kyr, respectively. However, applying the 14C contents of modern Dead Sea water sources to the water mass balance of Lake Lisan reveals that the RA of Lake Lisan is higher than that predicted by the mass balance. This discrepancy may reflect enhanced dissolution of carbonatic dust, changes in the amount of 14C exchanged in Judean Desert floods, or variations in the contribution of brine and saline springs. Furthermore, the small fluctuations in the Lisan RA (1.6 ± 0.3 kyr) may reflect small, short-term changes in the relative contributions of these sources.

Characterization of the groundwater flow regime and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Buem formation, Eastern Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 2288-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandow Mark Yidana ◽  
Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo ◽  
Thomas Akabzaa ◽  
Daniel Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Groundwater Flow Regime
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