scholarly journals Filterability of Polysulfone Membrane in a Tilted Panel System for Activated Sludge Filtration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3533
Author(s):  
Ahmad Aliyan Alif Ismail ◽  
Sri Mulyati ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Normi Izati Mat Nawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Filtration System

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are established technology for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater because they offer a small footprint and high quality of effluent, in addition to lower excess sludge. However, their widespread applications are still limited by higher expenditure for compensating for membrane fouling. In this study, polysulfone (PSF)-based ultrafiltration membranes were developed and integrated with a tilted panel system for fouling control in activated sludge filtration. The results show an enhanced performance of filtration system thanks to the mutual advantage of the tilted panel system and the membrane properties. Both membranes showed a clear trend of higher permeability with respect to the tilted panel parameters, namely, higher tilting angle, higher aeration rate, and shorter intermittent/switching period. PSF-1 (1 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive) shows significantly better performance than PSF-3 (3 wt% PEG additive) although their mean flow pore size, structural properties, and contact angle do not differ significantly. PSF-1 shows superior filterability performance of about 45% for panel tilting angles of 20° at an aeration rate of 1.8 L·min−1, and 11% for a switching period of 1 min compared with PSF-3. The key property enhancing the performance of the PSF-1 is its narrower distribution of pore size. Overall results suggest that an optimum system could be achieved by optimizing both the filtration system and the membrane material properties.

scholarly journals The Effect of Membrane Material and Surface Pore Size on the Fouling Properties of Submerged Membranes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungil Jeon ◽  
Saeid Rajabzadeh ◽  
Ryo Okamura ◽  
Toru Ishigami ◽  
Susumu Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membranes ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Fiber Membranes

We aimed to investigate the relationship between membrane material and development of membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) using membranes with different pore sizes and hydrophilicities. Batch filtration tests were performed using submerged single hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration (UF) modules with different polymeric membrane materials including cellulose acetate (CA), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with activated sludge taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The three UF hollow fiber membranes were prepared by a non-solvent-induced phase separation method and had similar water permeabilities and pore sizes. The results revealed that transmembrane pressure (TMP) increased more sharply for the hydrophobic PVDF membrane than for the hydrophilic CA membrane in batch filtration tests, even when membranes with similar permeabilities and pore sizes were used. PVDF hollow fiber membranes with smaller pores had greater fouling propensity than those with larger pores. In contrast, CA hollow fiber membranes showed good mitigation of membrane fouling regardless of pore size. The results obtained in this study suggest that the surface hydrophilicity and pore size of UF membranes clearly affect the fouling properties in MBR operation when using activated sludge.

scholarly journals Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Via Vapour Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Normi Izati Mat Nawi ◽  
Nur Rifqah Sait ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Norazanita Shamsuddin ◽  
Juhana Jaafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Emulsion Filtration

Membrane-based technology is an attractive option for the treatment of oily wastewater because of its high oil removal efficiency, small footprint and operational simplicity. However, filtration performance is highly restricted by membrane fouling, especially when treating oil/water emulsion as a result of strong interaction between oil droplets and the hydrophobic property of the membrane. This study explores the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based membrane via the vapour induced phase separation (VIPS) method while incorporating polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a hydrophilic additive to encounter membrane fouling issues and improve membrane filterability. The resulting membranes were characterized and tested for oil/water emulsion filtration to evaluate their hydraulic, rejection and anti-fouling properties. Results show that the changes in membrane morphology and structure from typical macrovoids with finger-like substructure to cellular structure and larger membrane pore size were observed by the prolonged exposure time from 0 to 30 min through the VIPS method. The enhanced clean water permeability is attributed to the addition of PVP–LiCl in the dope solution that enlarges the mean flow pore size from 0.210 ± 0.1 to 7.709 ± 3.5 µm. The best performing membrane was the VIPS membrane with an exposure time of 5 min (M-5), showing oil/water emulsion permeability of 187 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1 and oil rejection of 91.3% as well as an elevation of 84% of clean water permeability compared to pristine PVDF developed using a typical non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Despite the relatively high total fouling, M-5 was able to maintain its high permeability by water flushing as a simple operation for membrane fouling control. The performance was achieved thanks to combination of the large mean flow pore size and hydrophilic property from residual PVP in the membarne matrix. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of the optimum VIPS method in the presence of PVP and LiCl additives for oil/water emulsion treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Membrane Properties on Pineapple Wine Clarification and Fouling Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Youravong ◽  
M. Phukdeekhong ◽  
P. Taksinpatanapong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and hydrophobicity on the quality of clarified pineapple wine and fouling characteristics, using stirred cell dead–end microfiltration. The test membranes were mixed cellulose acetate (MCE, pore size 0.45 and 0.22 μm), modified polyvinylidene fluoride (MPVDF, 0.22 μm) and polyethersulfone (PESF, 0.22 μm). It was found that all types of membrane successfully clarified the pineapple wine. The membrane pore size and hydrophobicity played an importance role in membrane fouling, both reversible and irreversible. Regarding the permeate flux and fouling, 0.45 μm MCE was the most suitable for pineapple wine clarification. However, intensive organoleptic test with pilot scale would be needed.

scholarly journals Detergent and Water Recovery from Laundry Wastewater Using Tilted Panel Membrane Filtration System

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Nafiu Umar Barambu ◽  
Derrick Peter ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Norazanita Shamsuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Permeability Enhancement ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Wastewater Filtration

Increasing global concern on clean water scarcity and environmental sustainability drive invention in water reclamation technology. Laundry wastewater reclamation via membrane technology faces the challenge of membrane fouling. This paper assesses a tilting-the-filtration-panel filtration system for the treatment of real laundry wastewater filtration aimed for water and detergent reuse. Results showed that the panel tilting significantly improved fouling control and enhanced permeability due to enhanced contact of air bubbles with the membrane surface, which induced continuous detachment of foulant from the membrane surface. The combination of aeration rate and tilting angle resulted in up to 83% permeability enhancement from 109 to 221.4 ± 10.8 (L/m2·h·bar). The system also offers 32% detergent recovery. Overall findings suggest that the system offers an attractive approach for both fouling management and detergent recovery and can potentially be applied under a simple setup in which filtration can be driven by gravity/hydrostatic pressure.

Effect of Suspended Carriers on Extracellular Polymeric Substances in MBR

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xia Ou ◽  
Feng Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Membrane Model ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Model Surface ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

Suspended carriers were added into a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) using polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP NWF) as membrane model to treat synthetic wastewater. The changes of EPSSEPSB and EPS in activated sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface were researched at different aeration rate. The results showed that adding suspended carriers in MBR can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in activated sludge mixing liquid, but the effect on EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface is related to aeration rate. Adding suspended carriers can increase the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge on membrane model surface at 0.10m3/h of aeration rate; the concentration of EPSS and EPSB in the sludge with suspended carriers is reduced when aeration rate is increased to 0.25m3/h. The study on the effect of aeration rate on EPS in sludge mixing liquid of MBR and in sludge on membrane model surface showed that an optimized aeration rate exists if suspended carriers are added to control MBR membrane fouling. At the optimized aeration rate, membrane fouling can be mitigated and controled effectively.

scholarly journals Cigarette Butt Waste as Material for Phase Inverted Membrane Fabrication Used for Oil/Water Emulsion Separation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Aris Doyan ◽  
Chew Lee Leong ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Kiki Adi Kurnia ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Oil Water

The increasing rate of oil and gas production has contributed to a release of oil/water emulsion or mixtures to the environment, becoming a pressing issue. At the same time, pollution of the toxic cigarette butt has also become a growing concern. This study explored utilization of cigarette butt waste as a source of cellulose acetate-based (CA) polymer to develop a phase inverted membrane for treatment of oil/water emulsion and compare it with commercial polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF). Results show that the CA-based membrane from waste cigarette butt offers an eco-friendly material without compromising the separation efficiency, with a pore size range suitable for oil/water emulsion filtration with the rejection of >94.0%. The CA membrane poses good structural property similar to the established PVDF and PSF membranes with equally asymmetric morphology. It also poses hydrophilicity properties with a contact angle of 74.5°, lower than both PVDF and PSF membranes. The pore size of CA demonstrates that the CA is within the microfiltration range with a mean flow pore size of 0.17 µm. The developed CA membrane shows a promising oil/water emulsion permeability of 180 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 after five filtration cycles. However, it still suffers a high degree of irreversible fouling (>90.0%), suggesting potential future improvements in terms of membrane fouling management. Overall, this study demonstrates a sustainable approach to addressing oil/water emulsion pollution treated CA membrane from cigarette butt waste.

scholarly journals Patterned Membrane in an Energy-Efficient Tilted Panel Filtration System for Fouling Control in Activated Sludge Filtration

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Osman ◽  
Normi Izati Mat Nawi ◽  
Shafirah Samsuri ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Norazanita Shamsuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Surface Corrugation ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
The Impact

A membrane bioreactor enhances the overall biological performance of a conventional activated sludge system for wastewater treatment by producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse. However, membrane fouling hinders the widespread application of membrane bioreactors by reducing the hydraulic performance, shortening membrane lifespan, and increasing the operational costs for membrane fouling management. This study assesses the combined effect of membrane surface corrugation and a tilted panel in enhancing the impact of air bubbling for membrane fouling control in activated sludge filtration, applicable for membrane bioreactors. The filterability performance of such a system was further tested under variable parameters: Filtration cycle, aeration rate, and intermittent aeration. Results show that a combination of surface corrugation and panel tilting enhances the impact of aeration and leads to 87% permeance increment. The results of the parametric study shows that the highest permeance was achieved under short filtration–relaxation cycle of 5 min, high aeration rate of 1.5 L/min, and short switching period of 2.5 min, to yield the permeances of 465 ± 18, 447 ± 2, and 369 ± 9 L/(m2h bar), respectively. The high permeances lead to higher operational flux that helps to lower the membrane area as well as energy consumption. Initial estimation of the fully aerated system yields the energy input of 0.152 kWh/m3, much lower than data from the full-scale references of <0.4 kWh/m3. Further energy savings and a lower system footprint can still be achieved by applying the two-sided panel with a switching system, which will be addressed in the future.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes-Sponge Modified Electro Membrane Bioreactor (EMBR) and Their Prospects for Wastewater Treatment Applications

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Ali M. Almusawy ◽  
Riyad H. Al-Anbari ◽  
Qusay F. Alsalhy ◽  
Arshed Imad Al-Najar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Nanocomposite Membrane ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Electrical Field

A novel membrane bioreactor system utilizes Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated polyurethane sponge (PUs), an electrical field, and a nanocomposite membrane has been successfully designed to diminish membrane with fouling caused by activated sludge. The classical phase inversion was harnessed to prepare Zinc Oxide/Polyphenylsulfone (ZnO/PPSU) nanocomposite membranes using 1.5 g of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The prepared nanocomposite membrane surface was fully characterized by a series of experimental tools, e.g., Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA), pore size, and pore size distribution. The testing procedure was performed through an Activated Sludge-Membrane Bioreactor (ASMBR) as a reference and results were compared with those obtained with nanotubes coated sponge–MBR (NSMBR) and nanotubes coated sponge-MBR in the presence of an electrical field (ENSMBR) system. Observed fouling reduction of the membrane has improved significantly and, thus, the overall long-term was increased by 190% compared with the control ASMBR configuration. The experimental results showcased that sponge-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were capable of adsorbing activated sludge and other contaminants to minimize the membrane fouling. At a dosage of 0.3 mg/mL CNT and 2 mg/mL of SDBS, the sponge-CNT was capable of eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus by 81% and >90%, respectively.

Behaviour of Mechanically Blended Return-Sludge in Absence of Substrate

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-54
Author(s):  
Shyam D. Bokil ◽  
Jatinder K. Bewtra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Waring Blender ◽  
Settling Characteristics

Abstract Nine sets of batch experiments, each of ten to twelve days duration, were conducted in the laboratory on return-sludge samples collected from activated sludge treatment plant at Windsor. The thickened sludge samples were blended daily in a waring blender and were continuously aerated in twelve-litres capacity jars. Parallel runs were made on control sludge samples which were not blended. Amongst the parameters varied were the speed and frequency of blending and the aeration rate. The effects of these variables on progressive bio-degradation of volatile suspended solids and the settling characteristics of the sludge were determined. Blended sludge showed significant improvement in the rate of bio-degradation and its settling characteristics as compared to the control unblended sludge

Application of the ceramic membrane with hydrophobic skin layer to separation of activated sludge

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Nomura ◽  
Takao Fujii ◽  
Motoyuki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cake Layer

Porous membrane of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) was formed on the surface of porous ceramic tubes by means of heat treatment of the PTFE particles deposit layer prepared by filtering PTFE microparticles emulsified in aqueous phase. By means of inert gas permeation, pore size was determined and compared with scanning electron micrograph observation. Also rejection measurement of aqueous dextran solutions of wide range of molecular weights showed consistent results regarding the pore size. Since the membrane prepared by this method is stable and has unique features derived from PTFE, it is expected that the membrane has interesting applications in the field of water treatment. Membrane separation of activated sludge by this composite membrane and original ceramics membrane showed that the PTFE membrane gives better detachability of the cake layer formed on the membrane. This might be due to the hydrophobic nature of the PTFE skin layer.

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