scholarly journals Carabus Population Response to Drought in Lowland Oak Hornbeam Forest

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3284
Author(s):  
Bernard Šiška ◽  
Mariana Eliašová ◽  
Ján Kollár
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Short And Long Term

Forest management practices and droughts affect the assemblages of carabid species, and these are the most important factors in terms of influencing short- and long-term population changes. During 2017 and 2018, the occurrences and seasonal dynamics of five carabid species (Carabus coriaceus, C. ulrichii, C. violaceus, C. nemoralis and C. scheidleri) in four oak hornbeam forest stands were evaluated using the method of pitfall trapping. The climate water balance values were cumulatively calculated here as cumulative water balance in monthly steps. The cumulative water balance was used to identify the onset and duration of drought. The number of Carabus species individuals was more than three times higher in 2018 than in 2017. Spring activity was influenced by temperature. The extremely warm April in 2018 accelerated spring population dynamics; however, low night temperatures in April in 2017 slowed the spring activity of nocturnal species. Drought negatively influenced population abundance, and the effect of a drought is likely to be expressed with a two-year delay. In our investigation, a drought in 2015 started in May and lasted eight months; however, the drought was not recorded in 2016, and 2016 was evaluated as a humid year. The meteorological conditions in the year influenced seasonal activity patterns and the timings of peaks of abundance for both spring breeding and autumn breeding Carabus species.

Activity Patterns of Carabidae and Staphylinidae in Centipedegrass in Georgia

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kristine Braman ◽  
Andrew F. Pendley
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Trapping Method

Pitfall traps were used to determine the carabid and staphylinid fauna in managed centipedegrass turf during 1989–1991. Twentyone species of carabids and 16 species of staphylinids were identified. The relative activity and species composition of the two families of beetles varied with year and site of study. Seasonal activity patterns, as indicated by the pitfall trapping method, for the most abundant species are presented.

scholarly journals Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ciężkowski ◽  
Tomasz Berezowski ◽  
Małgorzata Kleniewska ◽  
Sylwia Szporak-Wasilewska ◽  
Jarosław Chormański
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Weight Method

This study estimates rainfall interception losses from natural wetland ecosystems based on maximum canopy storage measurements. Rainfall interception losses play an important role in water balance, which is crucial in wetlands, and has not yet been thoroughly studied in relation to this type of ecosystem. Maximum canopy storage was measured using the weight method. Based on these measurements, daily values of interception losses were estimated and then used to calculate long term interception losses based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data for the 1971–2015 period. Depending mainly on the number of days with precipitation, the results show that total interception losses for the growing season as well as monthly interception losses are around 13% of gross rainfall. This value is similar to the values observed for some forests. Hence, interception losses should not be disregarded in hydrologic models of wetlands, especially because data trends in meteorological conditions (mainly number of days with precipitation) show that interception losses will increase in the future if those trends stay the same.

Disposal of Waste Material – Evaluation in the KHM Project of Short and Long-Term Effects

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janén Hartl ◽  
Tom Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Coal Wastes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Leachate Water

One of the main objectives of the Swedish Coal-Health-Environment Project is to assess the short and long term effects of the disposal of coal wastes on the environment. The situation described below has been the basis for the discussions, laboratory leaching tests and field studies carried out in the KHM Project. The results of the laboratory works are reported to the conference in a paper by Liem et al, while this paper discusses the water balance and construction measures. Certain trace elements in coal wastes are found in greater concentrations than in normal soils and rocks. As a result of the mineral alteration in the combustion process the mobility of some of the constituents may be higher in the waste than in the coal (or in sediments in general). On the other hand the alkaline properties of the waste reduce the mobility of many elements. Due to the continuous leaching out of buffering substances the pH of the leachate water will vary with time. The construction of trace elements in the leachate from a waste dump, exposed to acid rain, is governed by several factors. Beside the trace element composition and the leaching characteristic of the waste, the buffering capacity, the time and the water balance of the dump are judged to be the main controlling factors.

scholarly journals Management Issues of SMEs in Turkey from the Perspective of Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nida Turegun ◽  
Orcun Turegun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Sustainability Concept ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Issues

Sustainability for SMEs is a process of development target to be achieved by increasing the competitiveness in theglobal market. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate the SMEs in Turkey within the framework ofmanagement issues and corporate governance viewpoint and to present an outline of possible solutions. Anotherpurpose of this study is to contribute management literature in terms of shedding lights on the relations ofsustainability and management practices on SMEs to raise awareness. In order to conduct this study method ofdetailed literature review is used. Detected management issues and solutions are examined into four main categories,which are (a) the lack of awareness of the sustainability and failure of implementation of this concept to themanagement practices, (b) lack of understanding of the relationship between the expectations of stakeholders onsustainability and company's future interests, (c) lack of the vision about sustainability and presence of unclearlydefined rules, roles and processes within the companies, (d) lack of skills to analyze the short and long term effects tothe company of not taking sustainability concept into decision making mechanisms.

scholarly journals Dynamical malaria models reveal how immunity buffers effect of climate variability

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (28) ◽  
pp. 8786-8791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Laneri ◽  
Richard E. Paul ◽  
Adama Tall ◽  
Joseph Faye ◽  
Fatoumata Diene-Sarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Entomological Inoculation Rate ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Short And Long Term

Assessing the influence of climate on the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria worldwide and how it might impact local malaria dynamics is complex and extrapolation to other settings or future times is controversial. This is especially true in the light of the particularities of the short- and long-term immune responses to infection. In sites of epidemic malaria transmission, it is widely accepted that climate plays an important role in driving malaria outbreaks. However, little is known about the role of climate in endemic settings where clinical immunity develops early in life. To disentangle these differences among high- and low-transmission settings we applied a dynamical model to two unique adjacent cohorts of mesoendemic seasonal and holoendemic perennial malaria transmission in Senegal followed for two decades, recording daily P. falciparum cases. As both cohorts are subject to similar meteorological conditions, we were able to analyze the relevance of different immunological mechanisms compared with climatic forcing in malaria transmission. Transmission was first modeled by using similarly unique datasets of entomological inoculation rate. A stochastic nonlinear human–mosquito model that includes rainfall and temperature covariates, drug treatment periods, and population variability is capable of simulating the complete dynamics of reported malaria cases for both villages. We found that under moderate transmission intensity climate is crucial; however, under high endemicity the development of clinical immunity buffers any effect of climate. Our models open the possibility of forecasting malaria from climate in endemic regions but only after accounting for the interaction between climate and immunity.

scholarly journals Management of Soil Constraints to Improve Crop Performance in Water-Limited Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2558
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽  
Edward G. Barrett-Lennard
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Current Challenge ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Soil Constraints ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Short And Long Term

One current challenge for agricultural production in water-limited environments is to develop agronomic management practices that can overcome soil constraints and provide an economic return to the grower in both the short and long-term [...]

A comparison of external and internal attachments of radio transmitters on adult crested newts Triturus cristatus

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Berg ◽  
Jon Arnemo ◽  
Jon Skei ◽  
Morten Kraabøl ◽  
Børre Dervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractTelemetry studies of newt species demand small transmitters. Two types of external attachments (sutured to epidermis and backpack) and traditional implanting in the peritoneal cavity were tested between groups of 5 adult individuals of the crested newt Triturus cristatus (mass 6-15 g) held in terrariums under controlled environmental conditions. The newts were anaesthetized with 1.5 g l–1 MS222, delivered in water and buffered to pH 6.9 by Na2CO2. Surgical plane of anaesthesia was achieved after 5-12 minutes and lasted for 30-60 minutes. External tagging proved unsuitable because transmitters became entangled in vegetation, and all animals shed their transmitters shortly after tagging, except for one that died. Transmitters that were surgically implanted in the peritoneal cavity were more successful. By the fourth day following surgery, the animals that had undergone surgery behaved similarly to control animals with respect to the use of cover. Two of the newts died, however, without showing any signs of illness in advance, and the cause of death could not be established. Based on the present experiments and published studies, implantable transmitters appear to be the best method for radiotagging small and medium sized urodele species such as T. cristatus, to gain crucial information on spatio-temporal terrestrial activity patterns, habitat utilization and hibernation sites. Additional research is needed to evaluate both short and long term effects on activity, behaviour and survival.

Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert ◽  
Mariéthoz ◽  
Pache ◽  
Bertin ◽  
Caulfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term
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