scholarly journals Simulation of Water-Use Efficiency of Crops under Different Irrigation Strategies

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2930
Author(s):  
Mathias Kuschel-Otárola ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Eduardo Holzapfel ◽  
Niels Schütze ◽  
Patricio Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Use Efficiency

Irrigation management is a key factor in attaining optimal yields, as different irrigation strategies lead to different yields even when using the same amount of water or under the same weather conditions. Our research aimed to simulate the water-use efficiency (WUE) of crops considering different irrigation strategies in the Central Valley of Chile. By means of AquaCrop-OS, we simulated expected yields for combinations of crops (maize, sugar beet, wheat), soil (clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, and silty loam), and bulk density. Thus, we tested four watering strategies: rainfed, soil moisture-based irrigation, irrigation with a fixed interval every 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and an algorithm for optimal irrigation scheduling under water supply constraints (GET-OPTIS). The results showed that an efficient irrigation strategy must account for soil and crop characteristics. Among the tested strategies, GET-OPTIS led to the best performance for crop yield, water use, water-use efficiency, and profit, followed by the soil moisture-based strategy. Thus, soil type has an important influence on the yield and performance of different irrigation strategies, as it provides a significant storage and buffer for plants, making it possible to produce “more crop per drop”. This work can serve as a methodological guide for simulating the water-use efficiency of crops and can be used alongside evidence from the field.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Texture on Soil Leaching and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth under Combined Irrigation and Drainage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3614
Author(s):  
Dongwang Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Tingbo Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
T1 And T2

To further explore the effects of different soil textures on soil leaching and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth using a combined irrigation and drainage technique and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of saline alkali land in Xinjiang, we used a test pit experiment to test soil moisture, salinity, soil pH, permeability, cotton agronomic characteristics, cotton yield and quality, and water use efficiency in three soil textures (clay, loam, sand soil) under the combined irrigation and drainage (T1) and conventional drip irrigation (T2). We measured the soil moisture content in different soil layers of clay, loam and sandy soil under the T1 and T2 treatments. Clay and loam had better water retention than sandy soil, and the soil moisture under the combined irrigation and drainage treatment was slightly higher than that under conventional drip irrigation. Under T1, the average salt content and pH value in the 0–60 cm soil layer of clay, loam and sandy soil decreased by 14.09%, 14.21% and 12.35%, and 5.02%, 5.85% and 3.27%, respectively, compared with T2. Therefore, T2 reduced the salt content and pH value of shallow soil. Under T1 and T2, the relative permeability coefficient (K/K0) values in different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were ranked as follows: sandy soil > loam > clay. Under T1, the K/K0 values for different soil textures at different growth stages of cotton were >1; therefore, T1 improved soil permeability. The yield and water use efficiency of seed cotton under T1 and T2 in different soil textures were ranked as follows: loam > clay > sand, and there were significant differences between the different treatments. In loam, the cotton yield and water use efficiency of the combined irrigation and drainage treatment were 6.37% and 13.70% higher than those for conventional drip irrigation treatment, respectively. By combining irrigation and drainage to adjust the soil moisture, salt, pH value and soil permeability of different soil textures, the root growth environment of crops can effectively be improved, which is of great significance to improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and promoting the growth of cotton.

scholarly journals Determination of optimum irrigation scheduling for sorghum in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
TM Lebiso ◽  
MM Mada
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Scarcity of water is the most severe constraint for sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Hence, novel irrigation water application systems need to be developed so that high crop yield and water productivity per unit of land can be increased. Thus, the field experiment was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of different soil moisture depletion levels on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop in Benna-Tsemay woreda at Enchete kebele, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2019-2020). It was arranged in RCBD with three replications and treatment was rated for five levels of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), where T1 = 60%, T2 = 80%, T3 = 100%, T4 = 120%, and T5 = 140% of ASMD. Analysis of variance has shown that yield and water use efficiency of sorghum crop was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by irrigation scheduling. As observed in this study, the most economically attractive and environmentally accepted for small scale farmers with tolerable cost of production and higher net benefit was obtained by application of T3 (100% ASMD) under conventional furrow irrigation system. Therefore, for this particular sorghum crop (teshale variety), it could be concluded that increased water saving and water productivity through irrigation at 100% ASMD under conventional furrow irrigation system can solve the problem of water shortage and would ensure the opportunity of further irrigation development in the study area and similar agro-ecology. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 95-102, Dec 2021

Effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching of cowpea on root characteristics, consumptive use and water use efficiency of upland rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
RA Aparna ◽  
V Jayakrishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiment was conducted in the farmer's field, Peringammala, Kalliyoor, Thiruvananthapuram during the Virippu 2017 to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching with cowpea on root and soil moisture characteristics of upland rice. The results revealed that root characters like root volume, root dry weight and root shoot ratio significantly increased under the irrigation treatment I1 [irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)]. The root length was the highest for rain fed control (I7). Among the mulches, live mulching with cowpea (M2) recorded the highest root length and root shoot ratio. The treatments and their interaction had a significant influence on soil moisture. Irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm CPE, live mulching with cowpea and their interaction recorded the highest consumptive use. The highest water use efficiency was recorded by the treatment irrigation at 2 cm depth at 20 mm CPE (I5) and live mulching with cowpea (M2).

Wheat Irrigation Management Using Multispectral Crop Coefficients: II. Irrigation Scheduling Performance, Grain Yield, and Water Use Efficiency

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2035-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hunsaker ◽  
G. J. Fitzgerald ◽  
A. N. French ◽  
T. R. Clarke ◽  
M. J. Ottman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Coefficients

scholarly journals Optimizing Et-Based Irrigation Scheduling for Wheat and Maize with Water Constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2053-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwang Ma ◽  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Shouhua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Deficit irrigation has been shown to increase crop water use efficiency (WUE) under certain conditions, even though the yield is slightly reduced. In this study, the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was first calibrated with measured data from a large weighing lysimeter from 1998 to 2003 at the Yucheng Experimental Station in the North China Plain for daily evapotranspiration (ET), soil water storage (0-120 cm), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass, and grain yield. The calibrated model was then used to explore crop responses to ET-based irrigation management using weather data from 1958 to 2015 and identify the most suitable ET-based irrigation schedules for the area. Irrigation amount was determined by constraining irrigation to a percentage of potential crop ET (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ETc) at the various growth stages of wheat [planting to before winter dormancy (P-D), green up to booting (G-B), booting to flowering (B-F), and flowering to maturity (F-M)] and of maize [planting to silking (P-S) and silking to maturity (S-M)], subject to seasonal water availability limits of 100/50, 200/100, 300/150, and 400/200 mm and no water limit for wheat/maize seasons, respectively. In general, wheat was more responsive to irrigation than maize, while greater influence of weather variation was simulated on maize than on wheat. For wheat with seasonal water limits, the highest average WUE was simulated with the highest targeted ETc levels at both the G-B and B-F stages and lower targeted ETc levels at the P-D and F-M stages. However, the highest average grain yield was simulated with the highest targeted ETc levels at all four growth stages for no water limit and the 400 mm water limit, or at both the G-B and B-F stages for the 300 and 200 mm water limits. For maize, lower targeted ETc levels after silking did not significantly affect maize production due to the high season rainfall, but irrigation of 60% ETc before silking was recommended. These results could be used as guidelines for precision irrigation along with real-time weather information. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Evapotranspiration, Growth stage, RZWQM, Water use efficiency, Wheat and maize.

Effect of soil moisture uncertainty on irrigation water use and farm profits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kelly ◽  
Timothy Foster ◽  
David Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

&lt;p&gt;Feeding the planet sustainably requires a substantial increase in agricultural water productivity. Water managers and policymakers often view digital technologies and big data as key solutions&amp;#160;for helping farmers to grow more food while reducing pressure on limited freshwater resources. Soil moisture probes, for example, could be used to improve the timing and efficiency of farmers&amp;#8217; irrigation management decisions. However, current adoption rates are low with most farmers, relying instead on the visual appearance of the crop or the feel of the soil to schedule irrigation decisions. These methods have potentially large uncertainties, which may lead farmers to schedule their irrigation sub-optimally. Despite the possible impact on water use and profits, little research to date has evaluated the effects of imperfect soil moisture information, and hence the value proposition to farmers and policy makers of investing in better information.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study we investigate the effect of soil moisture uncertainty on irrigation water use and farm profits. We focus our analysis on a case study of irrigated maize production in Nebraska, USA. Nebraska has the second largest number of irrigated acres by state in the United States, with almost all that water being pumped up from the High Plains Aquifer (HPA). The HPA has seen large decreases in groundwater storage over recent decades, resulting in mounting pressure for more efficient irrigation practices. Using a crop-water model (AquaCrop-OS) in combination with a particle swarm optimisation algorithm, we define an optimal irrigation schedule - represented by a set of soil moisture thresholds - that maximise average profits over a 30-year historic weather period. Under this perfect-information strategy, we assess the impact on profits and water use of adding random errors to the water-flux and soil-texture inputs to the model. These random errors result in a divergence between the true water content and the farmer&amp;#8217;s perception - potentially leading to irrigation being triggered too early or too late when compared with perfect information.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results show that increasing levels of uncertainty lead to decreasing water-use efficiency and profits. However, we also find that the effect of increasing water-flux and soil-texture error is not linear, and that there is diminishing returns to further reductions in uncertainty below a standard error of 15%. In contrast, reductions in water-use efficiency and profits due to sub-optimal selection of irrigation management strategies are much larger. This implies that improving the quality of irrigation scheduling could have more impact on agricultural water productivity than solely improving the accuracy of soil-water information. Our findings highlight the need for further research to evaluate different methods of irrigation scheduling by using models and optimisation techniques to develop irrigation strategies that incorporate information uncertainty.&lt;/p&gt;

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