scholarly journals Energy Efficient Rapid Removal of Arsenic in an Electrocoagulation Reactor with Hybrid Fe/Al Electrodes: Process Optimization Using CCD and Kinetic Modeling

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Ullah Khan ◽  
Izharul Haq Farooqi ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Farrukh Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Threats due to insufficient, inadequate and costlier methods of treating contaminants such as arsenic have emphasized the significance of optimizing and managing the processes adopted. This study was aimed at the complete elimination of arsenic from an aqueous medium with minimum energy consumption using the electrocoagulation process. Arsenic removal around 95% was rapidly attained for optimized conditions having a pH of 7, 0.46 A current intensity, 10 mg/L initial concentration and only 2 min of applied time duration using the energy of 3.1 watt-hour per gram of arsenic removed. Low values of applied current for longer durations resulted in the complete removal of arsenic with low energy consumption. Various hydroxide complexes including ferrous hydroxide and ferric hydroxide assisted in the removal of arsenic by adsorption along with co-precipitation. Surface models obtained were checked and found with a reasonably good fit having high values of coefficient of determination of 0.933 and 0.980 for removal efficiency and energy consumption, respectively. Adsorption was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Multivariate optimization proved it as a low-cost effective technology having an operational cost of 0.0974 Indian rupees (equivalent to USD 0.0013) per gram removal of arsenic. Overall, the process was well optimized using CCD based on response surface methodology.

A contribution to solve the arsenic problem in groundwater of Ganges Delta by in-situ treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Rott ◽  
H. Kauffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic in groundwater is a huge problem in numerous regions of the world. Many people are exposed to high arsenic concentrations and consequently risk getting ill or even die as a result of arsenic poisoning. There are several efficient technologies for the removal of arsenic but often these methods have disadvantages, e.g. high costs for installation and/or operation, the need for chemicals or the production of arsenic contaminated filter sludge. These disadvantages can make the application difficult, especially in poor regions. Under suitable ancillary conditions the subterranean (in-situ) treatment, which is often used for iron and manganese removal from groundwater, can also be applied for the removal of arsenic and can be a cost-effective treatment technology. A field trial was carried out with a low-cost in-situ treatment plant in West Bengal/India which is described in this paper, in order to investigate whether this treatment technology is also applicable under the boundary conditions there. As for the in-situ treatment technology besides oxygen no additives are required and no arsenic contaminated filter sludge is produced this technology could be a suitable method for arsenic removal especially in poor regions.

Arsenic removal from groundwater by Anjili tree sawdust impregnated with ferric hydroxide and activated alumina

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dhanasekaran ◽  
P. M. Satya Sai ◽  
C. Anand Babu ◽  
R. Krishna Prabhu ◽  
K. K. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic is a toxic element found naturally in groundwater. Due to its carcinogenicity, risk for heart diseases and diabetes, arsenic needs to be removed from groundwater for potable application. ‘Anjili’ tree sawdust was chemically modified with ferric hydroxide and activated alumina (SFAA) and used as an adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to study the pore structure and surface functional groups. Effect of contact time, initial concentration, pH, particle size and temperature was studied. Arsenic adsorbed by SFAA followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Maximum sorption of arsenic by SFAA adsorbent occurred at pH 6.5. Arsenic sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. The maximum sorption capacity at 303 K was found to be 54.32 mg/g for As(III) and 77.60 mg/g for As(V). Interference of other ions on the adsorption was in the order of PO43− > SO42− > HCO3− > NO3−.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Bioethanol Production by One Phase Transition Separation Based on Advanced Solid-State Fermentation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6301
Author(s):  
Hongshen Li ◽  
Hongrui Liu ◽  
Shizhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Vapor Permeation

To fulfill the consumption demand of low-cost fuel ethanol, an advanced process for feedstock fermentation and bioethanol extraction was required. This study proposed a process of combined continuous solid-state distillation and vapor permeation to extract ethanol from fermented sweet sorghum bagasse on the basis of advanced solid-state fermentation technology. Ethanol undergoes only one phase transition separation in the whole process, which drastically reduces energy consumption compared to the repeating phase transitions that occur in conventional bioethanol production. The mass balance and energy consumption of combining processes were simulated overall. A techno-economic evaluation was conducted on the flowsheet. Costs and profit of fuel ethanol produced by one phase transition separation bioethanol-producing technology were comprehensively calculated. The results of the present study show that the proposed process is an energy efficient and cost-effective alternative to conventional bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Review of the Performance of Low-Cost Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Karagulian ◽  
Maurizio Barbiere ◽  
Alexander Kotsev ◽  
Laurent Spinelle ◽  
Michel Gerboles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Reference Measurements

A growing number of companies have started commercializing low-cost sensors (LCS) that are said to be able to monitor air pollution in outdoor air. The benefit of the use of LCS is the increased spatial coverage when monitoring air quality in cities and remote locations. Today, there are hundreds of LCS commercially available on the market with costs ranging from several hundred to several thousand euro. At the same time, the scientific literature currently reports independent evaluation of the performance of LCS against reference measurements for about 110 LCS. These studies report that LCS are unstable and often affected by atmospheric conditions—cross-sensitivities from interfering compounds that may change LCS performance depending on site location. In this work, quantitative data regarding the performance of LCS against reference measurement are presented. This information was gathered from published reports and relevant testing laboratories. Other information was drawn from peer-reviewed journals that tested different types of LCS in research studies. Relevant metrics about the comparison of LCS systems against reference systems highlighted the most cost-effective LCS that could be used to monitor air quality pollutants with a good level of agreement represented by a coefficient of determination R2 > 0.75 and slope close to 1.0. This review highlights the possibility to have versatile LCS able to operate with multiple pollutants and preferably with transparent LCS data treatment.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective and Portable Optical Sensor System to Estimate Leaf Nitrogen and Water Contents in Crops

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibullah ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohebian ◽  
Raju Soolanayakanahally ◽  
Khan A. Wahid ◽  
Anh Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Water Contents

Non-invasive determination of leaf nitrogen (N) and water contents is essential for ensuring the healthy growth of the plants. However, most of the existing methods to measure them are expensive. In this paper, a low-cost, portable multispectral sensor system is proposed to determine N and water contents in the leaves, non-invasively. Four different species of plants—canola, corn, soybean, and wheat—are used as test plants to investigate the utility of the proposed device. The sensor system comprises two multispectral sensors, visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR), detecting reflectance at 12 wavelengths (six from each sensor). Two separate experiments were performed in a controlled greenhouse environment, including N and water experiments. Spectral data were collected from 307 leaves (121 for N and 186 for water experiment), and the rational quadratic Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm was applied to correlate the reflectance data with actual N and water content. By performing five-fold cross-validation, the N estimation showed a coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) of 63.91% for canola, 80.05% for corn, 82.29% for soybean, and 63.21% for wheat. For water content estimation, canola showed an R 2 of 18.02%, corn showed an R 2 of 68.41%, soybean showed an R 2 of 46.38%, and wheat showed an R 2 of 64.58%. The result reveals that the proposed low-cost sensor with an appropriate regression model can be used to determine N content. However, further investigation is needed to improve the water estimation results using the proposed device.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Iron Coated Chitosan Beads (ICCB) to remove Arsenic from Groundwater

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Chitosan Beads ◽  
Experimental Adsorption ◽  
The World ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

The current situation of Pakistan is reaching to an alarming situation in the context of polluting water bodies as well as groundwater due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, which can be foreseen for shortage and unavailability of safe and healthy drinking water for the population. The greater part of Pakistani individuals (almost 60%) living underneath the neediness line so they don't move toward perfect and safe drinking water supplies. Arsenic is one of the hazardous metals presents in various territories of Pakistan as well as in various zones of the world. Its essence strokes individuals' wellbeing by sullying the water. This experimental adsorption study emphasizes on the arsenic removal from drinking water by utilizing cost-effective adsorbent called "Iron Coated Chitosan Beads (ICCB)". This technique is more useful and effective when contrasted with different removal methodologies to remove arsenic from groundwater. ICCB was utilized and it was discovered a compelling and productive adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. From all clump tests, the removal level of arsenic is achieved from 79 % to 98%. These results demonstrated that ICCB can be utilized as a productive adsorbent material for the removal of arsenic from water.

A low cost technique of arsenic removal from drinking water by coagulation using ferric chloride salt and alum

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.T. Khan ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
M.F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Bleaching Powder ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

A variety of treatment processes have been used for arsenic removal from water. In a laboratory study using natural (tubewell) water, ferric chloride salt and alum were used, which are the most studied and widely used flocculents in water treatment due to their low price, comfortable availability and low risk usability. The solubility of arsenate(III) is much more than arsenite(V). Arsenate(III) was converted into arsenite(V) by proper oxidation using bleaching powder as an oxidizing agent before coagulation. The concentrations of ferric chloride salt and alum dose were varied from 10 mg/l to 200 mg/l, and pH was varied from 4 to 9. After intensive investigation, it was found that at pH 7 and for 100 mg/l to 125 mg/l dose of alum, the removal efficiency of arsenic and iron were around 82 to 86% and 92 to 95% respectively. Again, the optimum removal of arsenic and iron were around 90 to 93% and 97 to 100% respectively at pH 7 for 200 mg/l of ferric chloride salt. This research was carried out not only to observe the removal efficiency of arsenic, but also iron. Because most of the tubewells in Bangladesh, sometimes, contain higher amount of iron.

scholarly journals Arsenic (As) Removal Using Talaromyces sp. KM-31 Isolated from As-Contaminated Mine Soil

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam ◽  
Murugesan ◽  
Ryu ◽  
Kim
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Arsenic Tolerance ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

: Bioremediation is an environmentally-benign and cost-effective approach to removing arsenic from contaminated areas. A fungal strain hyper-tolerant to arsenic was isolated from soil from a mine site and used for the removal of arsenic. The isolated fungus was identified as Talaromyces sp., and its growth rate, arsenic tolerance, and removal rates were investigated for As(III) and As(V). Arsenic tolerance tests revealed that the fungus was highly resistant to arsenic, tolerating concentrations up to 1000 mg/L. Robust mycelial growth was observed in potato dextrose broth containing either As(III) or As(V), and there was no difference in growth between that in arsenic-free medium and medium amended with up to 300 mg/L of either arsenic species. The isolate showed relatively low growth rates at As(V) concentrations >500 mg/L, and almost no growth at As(III) concentrations >300 mg/L. Both arsenic species were effectively removed from aqueous medium (>70%) in tests of the biosorption of arsenic onto mycelial biomass. Surface modification of the biomass with Fe(III) (hydr)oxides significantly enhanced arsenic removal efficiency. The findings indicate that this soil fungal strain has promise for use in bioremediation strategies to remove arsenic from highly contaminated aqueous systems.

Adsorption and removal of arsenic from water by iron ore mining waste

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2301-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Van Trang Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Linh Pham ◽  
Saravanamuth Vigneswaran ◽  
Huu Hao Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Household Water ◽  
New Material ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Iron Manganese

There is a global need to develop low-cost technologies to remove arsenic from water for individual household water supply. In this study, a purified and enriched waste material (treated magnetite waste, TMW) from the Trai Cau's iron ore mine in the Thai Nguyen Province in Vietnam was examined for its capacity to remove arsenic. The treatment system was packed with TMW that consisted of 75% of ferrous-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and had a large surface area of 89.7 m2/g. The experiments were conducted at a filtration rate of 0.05 m/h to treat groundwater with an arsenic concentration of 380 μg/L and iron, manganese and phosphate concentrations of 2.07 mg/L, 0.093 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L respectively. The batch experimental results show that this new material was able to absorb up to 0.74 mg arsenic/g. The results also indicated that the treatment system removed more than 90% arsenic giving an effluent with an arsenic concentration of less than 30 μg/L while achieving a removal efficiency of about 80% for Mn2 +  and PO43−. This could be a promising and cost-effective new material for capturing arsenic as well as other metals from groundwater.

Removal of Arsenic from Landfill Leachate by Selected Low-Cost Sorbents: An Experimental Study at the Zixiaguan Landfill of Wuhan City, Central China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1427-1432
Author(s):  
Zhi Yan Lu ◽  
Qing Hai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Central China ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Sorption Model ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

The leachate from the Zixiaguan landfill of Wuhan City contains a lot of undesirable or toxic chemicals, among which arsenic may have the most serious threat to environment and human health. Lowering the arsenic concentration in the leachate is therefore of extreme importance. In this study, natural sediments obtained from Wuhan City, including clay, silty soil and silty sand, were used as low-cost sorbents to remove arsenic from solution. The results of the batch sorption experiments indicate that the sorption processes of clay and silty sand match well with linear isothermal sorption model, while that of silty soil is in good accordance with Langmuir isothermal sorption model. Among the three sorbents, clay has the best ability for arsenic removal from solution. Further experiments were carried out to determine the optimum sorption conditions for clay sorbent, the results showing that as the ratio of sorbent dosage to solution volume is 25.0 g/L, the reaction time is 120 min, and the pH of solution equals 7.0, the removal rate of arsenic from the leachate by clay sorbent reaches the highest value of 99.3 %.

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