scholarly journals A Complex Method for Estimation of Multiple Abiotic Hazards in Forest Ecosystems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2872
Author(s):  
Hana Středová ◽  
Petra Fukalová ◽  
Filip Chuchma ◽  
Tomáš Středa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Forest Stability ◽  
Level Of Risk

Forest ecosystems are faced with a variety of threats, including increasingly prolonged droughts and other abiotic stresses such as extreme high temperatures, very strong wind, invasive insect outbreaks, and the rapid spread of pathogens. The aim of the study was to define crucial abiotic stressors affecting Central Europe forest ecosystems and, with regard to their possible simultaneous effect, develop a universal method of multi-hazard evaluation. The method was then applied to the particular area of interest represented by part of the Czech Republic with forest land cover (12–19 ° E, 48–51 ° N). Based on National Threat Analysis, the most significant threats of natural origin with a close relationship to forest stability were identified as drought, high temperature, and wind gusts. Using suitable indicators, a level of their risk based on occurrence and consequences was estimated. The resulting combined level of risk, divided into five categories, was then spatially expressed on a grid map. The novelty of our paper lies in: (i) all relevant climatic data were combined and evaluated simultaneously with respect to the different level of risk, (ii) the developed methodological road map enables an application of the method for various conditions, and (iii) multiple hazards were estimated for the case study area.

scholarly journals Climate of submontane location Stará Lesná (1988–2013)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bíčárová ◽  
Jozef Mačutek ◽  
Dušan Bilčík
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Tatra Mts

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluation of climatic data obtained at Meteorological Observatory GPI SAS Stará Lesná according to the classical daily observations carried out for period 1988-2013. Location is situated at the foothills of the High Tatra Mts. and represents submontane climate zone favourable for temperate coniferous and mixed forest vegetation. According to observations climate of Star´a Lesná is characterized by average annual air temperature 5.9 °C that seasonally varies from -3.5 °C (DJF) to 15.2 °C (JJA). Air-temperature extremes range between -26.5 and 34.2 °C. Daily air temperature maxima and derived indices such as the number of summer days indicate moderate warming during last decade. Growing season length is about 195 days. Average annual precipitation is 744 mm, seasonal comparison shows nearly twice more precipitation amount in summer than winter half year. Snow depth is 35 cm on average, extraordinary over 50 cm. Relative air humidity is about 78%. Wet periods lasted from 5 to 13 consecutive wet days; substantially longer are dry periods from 14 to 39 days. Average sunshine duration is 1806 hours per year. The number of sunny days is clearly lower than the number of cloudy days. Surface air pressure 920.4 hPa relates to altitudinal position of site. Wind blows mostly from the more open southern side. Although average wind speed is rather low (2.1 m/s), occurrence of strong wind gusts above 40 m/s can cause such a spatial destruction of natural environment as in November 2004

scholarly journals Agroclimatic atlas - prototype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Jedlička ◽  
Pavel Hájek ◽  
Tomáš Andrš ◽  
Otakar Čerba ◽  
Jiří Valeš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Frost Free Period

<p><span>Our contribution presents a prototype of Agroclimatic atlas - a web map application, presenting agroclimatic factors: </span><span>Frost-free period, </span>Water balance, Total precipitation, Total solar radiation, Last date with soil temperature above 10 °C for nitrogen application, Number of days with growing temperatures for a crop, Number of days with optimal growing temperatures for a crop HSU - Heat stress units for a crop, <span>The factors are calculated based on algorithms described in </span><em><span>Calculation of Agro-Climatic Factors from Global Climatic Data</span></em><span> (Jedlička et al. 2021, doi:  </span><span>10.3390/app11031245</span><span>).</span></p><p><span>The agroclimatic atlas application aims to provide a comprehensive overview of agriculture-related climatic characteristics of an area of interest in a time retrospective.  The application can be used by both an individual farmer or a precision farming expert exploring a wider area.</span></p><p><span>The principal source of climatic variables (such as temperature, rainfall, evaporation, runoff, and solar radiation) used in the atlas is the </span><span>ERA5-Land dataset</span><span> (available as the </span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) at its Climate Date Store</span><span>). </span></p><p><span>The contemporary version of the Agroclimatic Atlas application is accessible from here https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1245#</span><span>. This version is in Czech only and portrays data from Czechia 10 years backward. However, the application is under ongoing development driven by the H2020 projects </span><span>Stargate</span><span>, </span><span>Sieusoil</span><span>, and </span><span>Smartagrihubs</span><span>. Therefore a newer version will be presented at the conference. The first design concepts can be seen in the figure below.</span></p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.475eafd0808065334309161/sdaolpUECMynit/1202SME&app=m&a=0&c=31dbfa2ddfd3719b82491d259ccc4117&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p>Figure 1. - Mockup of Agroclimatic atlas application, accessible from https://xd.adobe.com/view/65199b72-db2f-420a-aee2-bc90dc83aaea-304a/</p>

scholarly journals Smart management and irrigation demand monitoring in Cyprus, using remote sensing and water resources simulation and optimization

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Papadavid ◽  
D. Hadjimitsis ◽  
K. Fedra ◽  
S. Michaelides
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Irrigation Demand ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Micro Sensor ◽  
Daily Water

Abstract. This paper presents a research project which integrates technological tools for developing a complete system for monitoring and determining irrigation demand on a systematic basis in Cyprus. Such tools are multi-spectral remotely sensed data dynamic water budget simulation and optimization, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) models and micro-sensor technology. The main aim is to estimate ETc in Cyprus and, furthermore, to undertake the required measures for an effective irrigation water management in the future. Evapotranspiration is difficult to determine since it combines various meteorological and field parameters while in literature quite many different models for estimating ETc are put forward. The proposed wireless sensor network acts as a monitoring tool for providing measurements of the necessary parameters: meteorological, climatic data and other auxiliary parameters required by the irrigation model in order to determine the irrigation demand. Reflectance is determined directly from satellite images. Finally, using the WaterWare irrigation software, irrigation scheduling is planned for the area of interest in Paphos, Cyprus. This area is located at almost sea level and is characterized by mild micro-climate. The results of the paper refer to year 2009 and show the daily water requirements of the specific crop in study.

scholarly journals CLTS-Net: A More Accurate and Universal Method for the Long-Term Prediction of Significant Wave Height

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Peng Hao ◽  
Chengcheng Yu ◽  
Gengkun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Multiple Variables

Significant wave height (SWH) prediction plays an important role in marine engineering areas such as fishery, exploration, power generation, and ocean transportation. For long-term forecasting of a specific location, classical numerical model wave height forecasting methods often require detailed climatic data and incur considerable calculation costs, which are often impractical in emergencies. In addition, how to capture and use the dynamic correlation between multiple variables is also a major research challenge for multivariate SWH prediction. To explore a new method for predicting SWH, this paper proposes a deep neural network model for multivariate time series SWH prediction—namely, CLTS-Net. In this study, the sea surface wind and wave height in the ERA5 dataset of the relevant points P1, P2, and P3 from 2011 to 2018 were used as input information to train the model and evaluate the model’s SWH prediction performance. The results show that the correlation coefficients (R) of CLTS-Net are 0.99 and 0.99, respectively, in the 24 h and 48 h SWH forecasts at point P1 along the coast. Compared with the current mainstream artificial intelligence-based SWH solutions, it is much higher than ANN (0.79, 0.70), RNN (0.82, 0.83), LSTM (0.93, 0.91), and Bi-LSTM (0.95, 0.94). Point P3 is located in the deep sea. In the 24 h and 48 h SWH forecasts, the R of CLTS-Net is 0.97 and 0.98, respectively, which are much higher than ANN (0.71, 0.72), RNN (0.85, 0.78), LSTM (0.85, 0.78), and Bi-LSTM (0.93, 0.93). Especially in the 72 h SWH forecast, when other methods have too large errors and have lost their practical application value, the R of CLTS-Net at P1, P2, and P3 can still reach 0.81, 0.71, and 0.98. The results also show that CLTS-Net can capture the short-term and long-term dependencies of data, so as to accurately predict long-term SWH, and has wide applicability in different sea areas.

scholarly journals Forest ecosystems of the Šumava Mts. and their management

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. V Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Area Of Interest

The introductory presentation summarizes natural conditions of the area of interest, state of local forest ecosystems and consequent management rules in this National Park and Protected Landscape Area. It describes area delimitation, natural conditions (geology, geomorphology, hydrology and climat, soils, vegetation, forest stands, their dynamics, healthy status). All these syntheses are a basis for forest management and forestry in this region, respecting forest state and forestry aims, as well as the nature protection targets.

scholarly journals Quantification of the influence of Písek City Forests Ltd. on the local economy of the region

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Březina David ◽  
Hlaváčková Petra ◽  
Michal Jakub ◽  
Slováčková Hana ◽  
Meňházová Jitka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
University Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

The aim of this paper is to highlight the possible way of quantification of the impact of forest enterprise and forest management on the economic and social development of the territory by using the methodology of the local multiplier calculation and identifying potential cash flows associated with the implementation of socioeconomic functions of forest ecosystems. The economic indicators to be analysed are the local expenditures of Písek City Forests Ltd. on suppliers and employees in 2015. The local multiplier is a specific microeconomic indicator which enables quantification and evaluation of socioeconomic benefits of the selected operator for the local people and entrepreneurs. The results of the specific university research project of Mendel University in Brno with the title: Quantification of the Influence of the Selected Forestry Enterprise on the Local Economy of the Region will allow us to evaluate the effect of the special-purpose forest enterprise and forest management on the economic and social development as well as to identify the potential cash flows related to the fulfilment of socioeconomic functions of the forest ecosystems in the area of interest of Písek City Forests Ltd.

scholarly journals The Paths of Extratropical Cyclones Associated with Wintertime High-Wind Events in the Northeastern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Booth ◽  
Harald E. Rieder ◽  
Dong Eun Lee ◽  
Yochanan Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Cyclone Tracks ◽  
Wind Events

AbstractThis study analyzes the association between wintertime high-wind events (HWEs) in the northeastern United States and extratropical cyclones. Sustained wind maxima in the daily summary data from the National Climatic Data Center’s integrated surface database are analyzed for 1979–2012. For each station, a generalized Pareto distribution is fit to the upper tail of the daily maximum wind speed data, and probabilistic return levels at 1, 3, and 5 yr are derived. Wind events meeting the return-level criteria are termed HWEs. The HWEs occurring on the same day are grouped into simultaneous wind exceedance dates, termed multistation events. In a separate analysis, extratropical cyclones are tracked using ERA-Interim. The multistation events are associated with the extratropical cyclone tracks on the basis of cyclone proximity on the day of the event. The multistation wind events are found to be most often associated with cyclones traveling from southwest to northeast, originating west of the Appalachian Mountains. To quantify the relative frequency of the strong-wind-associated cyclones, the full set of northeastern cyclone tracks is separated on the basis of path, using a crosshairs algorithm designed for this region. The tracks separate into an evenly distributed set of four pathways approaching the northeastern United States: from due west, from the southwest, and from the southeast and storms starting off the coast north of the Carolinas. Using the frequency of the tracks in each of the pathways, it is shown that the storms associated with multistation wind events are most likely to approach the northeastern United States from the southwest.

scholarly journals The Road Map to Classify the Potential Risk of Wind Erosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Hana Středová ◽  
Jana Podhrázská ◽  
Filip Chuchma ◽  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Erodible Fraction ◽  
Relevant Factors

Environmental degradation, for example, by wind erosion, is a serious global problem. Despite the enormous research on this topic, complex methods considering all relevant factors remain unpublished. The main intent of our paper is to develop a methodological road map to identify key soil–climatic conditions that make soil vulnerable to wind and demonstrate the road map in a case study using a relevant data source. Potential wind erosion (PWE) results from soil erosivity and climate erosivity. Soil erosivity directly reflects the wind-erodible fraction and indirectly reflects the soil-crust factor, vegetation-cover factor and surface-roughness factor. The climatic erosivity directly reflects the drought in the surface layer, erosive wind occurrence and clay soil-specific winter regime, making these soils vulnerable to wind erosion. The novelty of our method lies in the following: (1) all relevant soil–climatic data of wind erosion are combined; (2) different soil types “sand” and “clay” are evaluated simultaneously with respect to the different mechanisms of wind erosion; and (3) a methodological road map enables its application for various conditions. Based on our method, it is possible to set threshold values that, when exceeded, trigger landscape adjustments, more detailed in situ measurements or indicate the need for specific management.

Representation of information in SEM by equal signal lines

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
E. Rau ◽  
N. Karelin ◽  
V. Dukov ◽  
M. Kolomeytsev ◽  
S. Gavrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic System ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Signal Value ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Scanning Line ◽  
Amplitude Analyzer

There are different methods and devices for the increase of the videosignal information in SEM. For example, with the help of special pure electronic [1] and opto-electronic [2] systems equipotential areas on the specimen surface in SEM were obtained. This report generalizes quantitative universal method for space distribution representation of research specimen parameter by contour equal signal lines. The method is based on principle of comparison of information signal value with the fixed levels.Transformation image system for obtaining equal signal lines maps was developed in two versions:1)In pure electronic system [3] it is necessary to compare signal U (see Fig.1-a), which gives potential distribution on specimen surface along each scanning line with fixed base level signals εifor obtaining quantitative equipotential information on solid state surface. The amplitude analyzer-comparator gives flare sport videopulses at any fixed coordinate and any instant time when initial signal U is equal to one of the base level signals ε.

Image registration with a computer driven S.T.E.M.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
A.M.H. Schepman ◽  
J.A.P. van der Voort ◽  
J.E. Mellema
Keyword(s):  
Spot Size ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Small Computer ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Specimen Area ◽  
On Line ◽  
Minimum Distances

A Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) was coupled to a small computer. The system (see Fig. 1) has been built using a Philips EM400, equipped with a scanning attachment and a DEC PDP11/34 computer with 34K memory. The gun (Fig. 2) consists of a continuously renewed tip of radius 0.2 to 0.4 μm of a tungsten wire heated just below its melting point by a focussed laser beam (1). On-line operation procedures were developped aiming at the reduction of the amount of radiation of the specimen area of interest, while selecting the various imaging parameters and upon registration of the information content. Whereas the theoretical limiting spot size is 0.75 nm (2), routine resolution checks showed minimum distances in the order 1.2 to 1.5 nm between corresponding intensity maxima in successive scans. This value is sufficient for structural studies of regular biological material to test the performance of STEM over high resolution CTEM.

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