scholarly journals Review of Artificial Downwelling for Mitigating Hypoxia in Coastal Waters

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2846
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Lige Zhao ◽  
Canbo Xiao ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Yong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Term Field

Hypoxia is becoming a serious problem in coastal waters in many parts of the world. Artificial downwelling, which is one of the geoengineering-based adaptation options, was suggested as an effective means of mitigating hypoxia in coastal waters. Artificial downwelling powered by green energy, such as solar, wind, wave, or tidal energy, can develop a compensatory downward flow on a kilometer scale, which favors below-pycnocline ventilation and thus mitigates hypoxia in bottom water. In this paper, we review and assess the technical, numerical, and experimental aspects of artificial downwelling all over the world, as well as its potential environmental effects. Some basic principles are presented, and assessment and advice are provided for each category. Some suggestions for further field-based research on artificial downwelling, especially for long-term field research, are also given.

Rituals with Music and Food, Food with Music and Rituals

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Gisa Jähnichen
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Offerings ◽  
Term Field

There is a number of human rituals that are accompanied by sacrifices of food and drinks. Ritual practices of different people are a huge resource of these habits that are found all over the world. This research paper will focus on the role of instrumental music in guiding these sacrifices among selected communities inhabiting Southeast Asia’s mainland. Through a multi-perspective observation this research aims at showing order principles, musical requirements, and their variability, which will be analysed and discussed. Long term field work and participant observation over a specific period of time are the basic preconditions for this research. In addition, this research is also to question basic principles of conveying research outcomes and the use of well-established research tools in order to categorize and identify types of musical and ritual behaviour. The perspective of food offerings may shift the focus from musicality within rituals to the focus on social digestion in the context of sustaining communities.

Long-term field experiments of the world

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Debreczeni ◽  
Martin Körschens
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The World ◽  
Term Field

The Art of Bread Production in Sardinia: Cultural Aspects and Issues of Classification

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Армандо Мажиа
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Technology Of Production ◽  
Term Field

В настоящей статье автор, преимущественно на материалах собственных многолетних полевых исследований, рассматривает в контексте современности малоизученную традиционную практику хлебопроизводства в Сардинии. Анализ особенностей этого древнейшего сектора локальной культуры он предваряет освещением специфики истории региона и принципов расселения в нем, значительно повлиявших на множественность разнообразных «типажей» хлеба, как повседневных, так и праздничных, показывает специфику их иконографии и декорирования, отличия их рецептуры и технологии производства, их «привязок» к конкретным поводам, событиям, верованиям и ритуалам. Помимо этнографической части, в исследовании присутствуют теоретико-методологические аспекты: автор задается вопросом о несовершенстве существующих систем классификации сардинских хлебов, о нерешенности вопроса их таксономирования и, апеллируя к примеру эмпирического материала Сардинии, предлагает иные пути и подходы к систематизации в антропологическом исследовании в целом, а в частности, переход от «монотетической» классификации к ретикулярной, ризоматической систематизации Based mainly on the author’s long-term field research, this article examines the littlestudied traditional practice of bread production in Sardinia in the context of modernity. The analysis of this, the oldest sector of local culture, is preceded by a history of the region and the nature of its settlement which influenced the multiplicity of various types of bread, both everyday and festive. The article explains the specifics of bread’s iconography and decoration, differences in recipes and technology of production, and its links to specific occasions, events, beliefs and rituals. In addition to ethnographic analysis, the study examines theoretical and methodological issues. The author considers problems with existing classification systems of Sardinian bread, discusses the unresolved issue of their taxonomy, and questions the general approach to systematization in anthropological research, and in particular, the transition from “monotheistic” classification to reticular, rhizomatic systematization. Key words: Sardinia, Mediterranean, bread, cooking technologies, species diversity.

scholarly journals PROTECTED AREAS OF THE WORLD – REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The subject of the paper is protected natural areas of the world and their regional differences. According to the IUCN, a protected natural area is “a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values”. States differ in their interpretations of the above definition. Very often, some of the sites that are protected areas in one country may not necessarily be considered protected in another country. In defining and management of protected areas, some countries have adapted their laws to international guidelines, while in other countries the legislation differs significantly from these guidelines. Therefore, the research aims to show regional differences in the identification and management process as well as in the total surface area and abundance of protected natural areas at the world level.

scholarly journals Field Research and Conservation

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 179-180
Author(s):  
Chuck Collis ◽  
Jennifer Adams
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Term Field

The Field Research & Conservation class emphasizes long-term field research experiences, examines ecosystem processes, and investigates the evolution of American perspectives about nature. Our time spent at the UW-NPS research station was divided between pursuing behavioral ecology research and exploring Grand Teton National Park and the surrounding area to gain understanding of how the region was shaped, both by geological and biological process as well as political processes that have been shaped by America’s ever-changing conservation ethic.

Ethics of Primate Fieldwork: Toward an Ethically Engaged Primatology

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin P. Riley ◽  
Michelle Bezanson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Field

Field primatologists have ethical responsibilities that extend beyond study subjects to the local human communities living near primate populations and their surrounding ecosystems. In this review, we explore the history of ethical discussions within anthropological primatology and examine the best practices for an ethically engaged primatology that should be followed and role-modeled by primatologists. An increasing number of primates are showing reduced population sizes and are in imminent danger of extinction; thus, we need to carefully consider the ethics of intervening to ensure the survival of remaining populations, the impact of anthropogenic factors (e.g., climate change), and whether long-term field research results in conservation outcomes that consider local human communities. Because best practices change over time as theoretical frameworks and methodological tools advance and scientific goals change, field primatologists must continually reflect on what constitutes ethical practice and consider how research influences the overlapping dimensions of fieldwork: primates, people, and ecosystems.

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