scholarly journals Mechanistic Study of Pb2+ Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Eggshells

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Hamouda ◽  
Haliemeh Sweidan ◽  
Munjed A. Maraqa ◽  
Hilal El-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predictive Relationship

This study investigates the impact of eggshell particle size and solid-to-water (s/w) ratio on lead (Pb2+) removal from aqueous solution. Collected raw eggshells were washed, crushed, and sieved into two particle sizes (<150 and 150–500 µm). Batch Pb2+ removal experiments were conducted at different s/w ratios with initial Pb2+ concentrations of up to 70 mg/L. The contribution of precipitation to Pb2+ removal was simulated by quantifying removal using eggshell water, whereas sorbed Pb2+ was quantified by acid digestion. Results indicated that eggshell particle sizes did not affect Pb2+ removal. High removal (up to 99%) of Pb2+ was achieved for low initial Pb2+ concentrations (<30 mg/L) across all s/w ratios studied. However, higher removal capacity was observed at lower s/w ratios. In addition, results confirmed that precipitation played a major role in the removal of Pb2+ by eggshells. Yet, this role decreased as the s/w ratio and initial concentration of Pb2+ increased. A predictive relationship that relates the normalized removal capacity of eggshells to the s/w ratio was developed to potentially facilitate the design of the reactor.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Limestone Cohesive Particle Model and Crushing Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Huaiying Fang ◽  
Dawei Xing ◽  
Jianhong Yang ◽  
Fulin Liu ◽  
Junlong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Crushing ◽  
Discrete Element Method Simulation ◽  
Impact Crushing ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effect of impact velocity and particle size on crushing characteristics. We use a discrete-element method simulation and construct cohesive limestone particles with internal microinterfaces and cracks for impact crushing experimentation. The simulation model follows the same process as the impact crushing experiment. Results show that, after crushing at impact velocities of 30 and 40 m/s, the simulated particle-size distribution curve matches experimental results as closely as 95%. For different particle sizes, results are more than 90% in agreement. These results indicate the feasibility of the cohesive-particle crushing simulation model. When the particle size is 15 mm, an approximate linear relationship exists on impact velocity and crushing ratio. For a constant impact velocity, the particle size of 18 mm results in the maximum crushing ratio.

scholarly journals Valorisation of brewers’ spent grain in different particle size in yogurt production

2021 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Joncer Naibaho ◽  
Emir Jonuzi ◽  
Nika Butula ◽  
Adam Figiel ◽  
Baoru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Lower Particle Size

The potential of brewers’ spent grain (BSG) as a functional food ingredient has been investigated for having high nutritional value. A high amount of dietary fiber of BSG shows a high ability to bind water; thus, it tends to solidify food mixture. This characteristic has a beneficial effect in the utilization of BSG as a filler and texturizer in yogurt. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the BSG addition in yogurt production and its quality. BSG was prepared in three different particle sizes, and an amount of 10% was added for yogurt fermentation. The impact of BSG addition was evaluated after 24 h of storage. The result shows that different particle sizes of BSG had no significant impact on pH and syneresis, while it significantly affected the amount of lactic acid and countable S. thermophilus. However, BSG increased the fermentation rate of yogurt, and had a positive impact on water holding capacity. A lower particle size had a higher amount of lactic acid and a lower S. thermophilus. The lower particle size lowered the lightness of the yogurt. Rheological analysis showed that a higher particle size of BSG increased the shear stress and viscosity of yogurt.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Residual Efficacy of Pyrethrin + Methoprene Aerosol on Two Dermestids: Impact of Particle Size, Species, and Temperature

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas K. Lanka ◽  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
James F. Campbell ◽  
Kun Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Developmental Index ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
The Impact

Residual effects of pyrethrin + methoprene aerosol dispensed at 4 and 16-µm particle sizes and an untreated control, was assessed against late-stage larvae of Trogoderma inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle, and T. variabile (Ballion), the warehouse beetle. Treated arenas were stored at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C and bioassays were conducted at 1, 3, or 6 weeks post-treatment. Larval development was monitored through adult emergence to compare the efficacy of treatments by using both the percentage of normal adult emergence and a developmental index as dependent variables. There was no overall effect of temperature on residual activity as measured using either adult emergence or developmental index values. Both the 4 and 16-µm particle sizes resulted in reduced adult emergence and low developmental index values compared to untreated controls. The insecticide was more effective on T. variabile than on T. inclusum. The impact of particle size varied between species, both particle sizes reduced adult emergence and developmental index in T. variabile, but only the 16-µm particle size resulted in reduction of adult emergence of T. inclusum. Furthermore, there was a reduction in activity of methoprene with residual exposure time. The variations in susceptibility of species to methoprene, differences in efficacy of particle sizes, and decrease in residual persistence at smaller particle sizes highlight the need for attaining optimal particle size to improve overall efficacy of aerosol mixtures containing methoprene.

scholarly journals The Impact of Equilibrium Gas Pressure and Coal Particle Size on Gas Dynamic Diffusion in Coal

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Nie ◽  
Tian ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Gas Desorption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Dynamic Diffusion

The diffusion coefficient of gases in coal varies with time. This study aims to develop an unsteady dynamic diffusion (UDD) model based on the decay of diffusion coefficient with time and the change of integral. This study conducted a series of gas desorption and diffusion experiments with three different combinations of particle sizes and gas pressures and compared the diffusion coefficients of the three models. The UDD model exhibited good fitting results, and both the UDD and bidisperse models fitted the experimental data better than the unipore model. In addition, the dynamic diffusion coefficient (DDe) decreased rapidly in the initial stage but gradually decreased to a stable level in the later stage. All the effective diffusion coefficients of the three models negatively correlated with the particle size. In the unipore model, the diffusion coefficient of coal samples with three particle sizes increased with gas pressure. In the bidisperse and UDD models, the diffusion coefficients (Dae, Die, and DDe) of 0.25–0.5 mm and 0.5–1.0 mm coal samples increased with gas pressure. However, DDe and Dae of 1.0–1.25 mm coal samples increased first and then decreased. Furthermore, Die decreased first and then increased, with no sign of significant pressure dependence. Finally, the correlation and significance between the constant and diffusion coefficient in the UDD model was investigated.

scholarly journals Adsorption of remazol red RR onto chitosan from aqueous solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Pabel Kabir ◽  
Md Manuarul Islam ◽  
Shah Md Masum ◽  
Md Mufazzal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Equilibrium Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Remazol Red

Chitosan has been used as an adsorbent to remove remazol red RR from aqueous solution by adsorption. The experiments have been conducted to study the effects of initial concentration of adsorbate, temperature, pH and particle size on dye adsorption. The kinetic data obtained have been examined using pseudo first- and pseudo second-order equations. The equilibrium adsorption data have been studied by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The best results have been achieved with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and with the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm model. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) of chitosan increases with increasing the initial concentration of dye, temperature and with decreasing particle size. However, the highest adsorption capacity has been found at a pH about 5.4. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity, qe = 155.72 mg/g has been found at the optimum conditions. The activation energy (Ea) of sorption kinetics is about 9.25 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (?G), enthalpy (?H) and entropy (?S) have also been evaluated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i2.22005 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(2), 111-118, 2014

scholarly journals Research to Develop a Promising Technology for the Joint Disposal of Man-made Wastes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Nikolaevich Tanutrov ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Sviridova ◽  
Sergey Anatolievich Lyamkin ◽  
Yriy Anatolievich Chesnokov ◽  
Lubov Andreevna Ovchinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The main components of RM are: Fe (35.7 %) in the form of hematite and complex hydroalumination, Ca (11.0 %) in the form of calcite and hydro-aluminosilicates, Al (6.8 %) and Si (4.7 %) in the composition of hydroalumination, Na (2.8 %) in the form of hydroalumination, carbonate and hydroxide, Ti (2.5 %) in the form of rutile. The main components of the OMS are: Fe (71 %) in the form of magnetite, wustite and hematite with a very small amount of fayalite. The contents of Si (in the form of quartz), Al and P (non-forming phases) are within 1–3 %. Granulometric composition of RM is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 1.6 μm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5–12 μm. Granulometric composition of OMS is characterized by complexity. With an average diameter of 8.6 μm, maxima of 0.9 μm and 15 μm and a minimum of about 1.2 μm are observed in the particle size distribution. The specific surface area of the materials is equal to RM 23.7 m2/g, and OMS – 1.9 m2/g. The change of waste properties after exposure to aqueous solutions of alkalis and acids neutralizing the effect of organic (OMS) and alkaline (RM) surface compounds was studied. Neutralization of aqueous suspension with HCl solution leads to removal of alkaline film from the surface. As a result of the impact of reagents, there is a decrease in the content of water-soluble components in the processing products. At the same time, the average particle sizes of RM and OMS increase to 2 and 14 μm, respectively, and the specific surface area to 25.7 and 2.3 m2/g. The distribution of particle size of RM is almost constant, and the OMS is approximately 5 and 10 % of the smoothed maximum and minimum in the area of at least 0.5 and 15 μm. Keywords: red mud, oiled mill scale, chemical, phase, granulometric, composition, specific surface

Stream habitat hydraulics: interannual variability in three reaches of Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J Giberson ◽  
Daniel Caissie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Substrate Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substrate Particle ◽  
Different Levels

The hydraulic habitat of 12 sites in a small salmon stream in central New Brunswick was investigated between 1992 and 1995 to determine patterns of habitat (substrate) stability between and within reaches. Stability was evaluated by measuring particle size distribution in replicated erosional and depositional sites in each reach and calculating the proportion of the bed predicted to be in motion at given flood flows. Erosional (riffle) sites in all reaches showed significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in substrate particle sizes from year to year, movement of embedded sediment samplers, and high predicted bedload mevement, even in small spates. In contrast, depositional sites (flats, some runs) appeared stable, showing no significant year-to-year differences in particle sizes, no movement of embedded samplers, and no increase in predicted bedload movement until high flow. The impact of the flood on the streambed depends heavily on the particle size distribution present during the flood, resulting in different levels of substrate disturbance during equal-magnitude floods in different years. Certain sites (e.g., flats) may be able to serve as hydraulic refugia to stream fauna during some floods. It is clear that year-to-year variations in substrate stability must be considered when evaluating habitat stability for stream fauna.

scholarly journals High efficient removal of phosphate in aqueous solution by eco-friendly materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ho Hong Quyen, Tran Vu Chi Mai Ho
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Main Component

The efficiency of phosphate removal in aqueous solution by CaO, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 has been studied in this work. Batch of experiments conducted with the initial phosphate concentrations from 5 to 1000 ppm have shown that CaCO3 could be applied for phosphate removal at low concentration with the maximum phosphate removal capacity at 4.0 mg/g. In contrast, the highest phosphate removal capacity of CaO and Ca(OH)2 was 287.36 mg/g and 235.21 mg/g at initial concentration of 500 ppm, and phosphate removal rate was 85% and 97% at initial concentration of 5 ppm. Crystalline hydroxylapatite was detected in the precipitate by XRD analysis. The molar ratio of P in the precipitate and Ca in the materials (CaO and Ca(OH)2) was 0.52 and 0.56 at initial concentration of 500 ppm, compared to P/Ca molar ratio of 0.6 in hydroxylapatite. Moreover, hydroxylapatite is the main component of fertilizer that can be applied for agriculture.

scholarly journals Effect of Conductivity of the Aqueous Solution on the Size of Printable Nanoparticle

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyun Oh ◽  
Nam-Soo Kim ◽  
Sun-Mee Kang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Writing Technology

Direct writing technology using nano/microsize particles in aqueous solution is currently one of the leading candidates to bring a substantial advancement to the technical arena. However, little is known about an effect of conductivity of the solution including metal ions on nanoparticle size for the direct writing technology. It is believed that conductivity of solution can influence the size of particles in reducing environmental of aqueous solutions. In this study parameters which affect electric conductivity in solution were characterized by changing concentration of copper ion, concentration of surfactants, and anion of metal compounds. The mobility of ion in aqueous media with respect to copper ion concentration was the most pronounced factor to control the size of created copper nanometals in water. However, due to the high reactivity on large surface area, the nanocopper metal was oxidized in water. The electric conductivity varied in the range of 7 to 360 mS/cm when Cu(NO3)2⋅3H2O dissolved in water from 0.03–3.0 mol/dm3. In this condition, the size of nano particles can vary from 10 to 500 nm. Various concentrations of surfactants and two anion Cu compounds used to vary the conductivity of the solution to verify the effect of electric conductivity of solution on the particle size. Decreasing the conductivity had a corresponding effect on the particle size. The electric conductivity was decreased from 67 to 56 mS/cm by adding surfactant from 0.1 to 0.5 mol/dm3consequently, the particle sizes were decreased from 89 to 21 nm. Copper nitrate and copper chloride were used to verify the anion effect on electrical conductivity and particle sizes. This effect was not dependent on the kind of ions chosen to change the conductivity. However, when Cu(NO3)2⋅3H2O was used, the size of the particles was 89 nm, while it was 91 nm when CuCl2⋅2H2O was used.

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

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