scholarly journals Optimization of the Biomonitoring Technique with the Aquatic Moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.: Selection of Shoot Segment Length for Determining Trace Element Concentrations

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2389
Author(s):  
María Dolores Vázquez ◽  
Carlos Real ◽  
Rubén Villares
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Fontinalis Antipyretica ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Aquatic Moss ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Bryophytes, including Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., are widely used for biomonitoring aquatic environments. However, some methodological aspects, such as the fraction of shoot analysed, have not yet been standardized. The main objective of this study was to establish the length of segments of F. antipyretica shoots that should be used for trace element determination in monitoring studies. For this purpose, we determined the concentrations of 12 different trace elements (11 metals and one metalloid) in five successive 1 cm-long segments of the shoots of F. antipyretica collected from four different locations. We found that the concentrations of most elements increased steadily towards the basal part of the shoots without becoming stable. Sometimes, these increasing trends were concealed by another underlying trend of increasing dry/fresh weight ratios, caused by morphological changes (leaf density, shoot thickness) related with shoot development. The concentration trends were due to factors such as the deposition of Mn oxides on the moss surface. This element showed the largest increases in concentration towards the basal part of the shoot and its concentrations were closely correlated with those of most of the other elements. Considering the results obtained, we recommend the use of 3 cm-long apical segments for determining trace element concentrations in F. antipyretica. This recommendation is based on the following: (1) The change in dry weight beyond this length of segment is small; (2) the workload and the quantity of material to collect in the river is acceptable; (3) Most previous studies have used shoot segments of similar lengths.

scholarly journals Using amphipods as bioindicators of metal pollution in the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Monique Francis Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Element Concentrations

<p>Heavy metals in the marine environment are a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability and their ability to accumulate and magnify in organisms. Increased human activity has caused higher inputs of heavy metals, resulting in escalated pressures on delicate coastal ecosystems. A means of assessing the natural environment and how it is changing in response to pollution and other environmental degradation is through the use of biological indicator or biomonitor species. These organisms provide information on the bioavailability of metals present in the environment. In recent years amphipods, a diverse order of small crustaceans, have been increasingly used as bioindicators of disturbed aquatic communities. They are widespread and important components of many food webs, and likely to be frequently exposed to metal contamination through both sediment and seawater. The aim of this research was two-fold: 1) to use amphipods to examine variation across sites and species in concentration of 20+ trace elements and 2) to examine whether the uptake of two metals, copper (Cu) and neodymium (Nd), is mediated by the presence of the other metal or an elevated seawater temperature.  To investigate variation of trace element concentrations across sites, the amphipod Eusiroides monoculoides was collected from three sites in the Wellington region, approximately 5 km apart: Oriental Bay, Evans Bay and Point Halswell. To investigate differences amongst species comparisons were made between Eusiroides monoculoides, Apohyale papanuiensis and Sunamphitoe mixtura when they occurred at the same site. Analysing the trace element concentrations of 36 metals was done using an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Overall, although these sites were not greatly distant from each other, there were differences among sites. Evans Bay in general had the highest concentration of trace elements. Further, there were also species-specific differences and S. mixtura was the species with the highest concentration of trace elements. There was also a size effect, where the average dry weight of S. mixtura was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  To assess the effects of heavy metals Cu and Nd in both an ambient (14 °C) and elevated (20 °C) temperature, an experiment was run at Victoria University’s Coastal Ecology Lab (VUCEL). Sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana, were collected from a single site in Wellington (Scorching Bay) and assigned to eight treatments: ambient and warm controls in raw seawater and ambient and warm seawater doped with Cu, Nd and Cu and Nd together. Amphipods from treatments with Cu and Nd added had significantly higher concentrations of these metals from the controls, however temperature had no effect, and neither was there an interaction between the metals. Similar to S. mixtura from the field study, dry weight of B. quoyana was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  Results from this work demonstrate that when using amphipods as bioindicator species it is important to consider species and size specific effects. This thesis also provides baseline data for 20+ elements from three Wellington sites and demonstrates that there can be unexpected variation across relatively small spatial scales. The laboratory experiment did not yield results that coincided with the consensus of the literature. The experiment showed that at least in this case, temperature did not mediate the uptake of metals and there was a negative relationship between size and metal uptake.</p>

scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of Essential Trace and Toxic Elements in Healthy and Disease-Affected Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Yolanda Cedeño ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Inmaculada Orjales ◽  
Carlos Herrero-Latorre ◽  
Maruska Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Element Concentrations

This study was designed (i) to establish reference ranges for the essential trace element and background levels of toxic element exposure in the healthy/normal dog population, and (ii) to evaluate whether trace element concentrations vary in dogs suffering from different pathologies. Blood serum samples were collected from 187 healthy and diseased dogs at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (northwest Spain). The samples were acid digested, and the concentrations of trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This enabled us to establish reference ranges for the essential trace elements and the level of toxic element exposure in dogs, and to identify several clinical situations associated with variations in trace elements in serum. Relative to concentrations in healthy control dogs, statistically significant differences were observed in the concentrations of Cu (significantly higher in hepatic, inflammatory/infectious and oncological categories), Mo (significantly higher in renal category), Se (significantly lower in gastrointestinal category) and Zn (significantly lower in gastrointestinal, inflammatory/infectious and renal categories). Trace element concentrations can be a cause or consequence of disease, and the study findings indicate that trace element determination in serum provides useful information on the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Further research on the serum concentrations of trace elements, particularly in relation to other biochemical parameters and diagnostic tools, may provide valuable information for the diagnosis of diseases in dogs and the disease prognosis.

scholarly journals Using amphipods as bioindicators of metal pollution in the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Monique Francis Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Element Concentrations

<p>Heavy metals in the marine environment are a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability and their ability to accumulate and magnify in organisms. Increased human activity has caused higher inputs of heavy metals, resulting in escalated pressures on delicate coastal ecosystems. A means of assessing the natural environment and how it is changing in response to pollution and other environmental degradation is through the use of biological indicator or biomonitor species. These organisms provide information on the bioavailability of metals present in the environment. In recent years amphipods, a diverse order of small crustaceans, have been increasingly used as bioindicators of disturbed aquatic communities. They are widespread and important components of many food webs, and likely to be frequently exposed to metal contamination through both sediment and seawater. The aim of this research was two-fold: 1) to use amphipods to examine variation across sites and species in concentration of 20+ trace elements and 2) to examine whether the uptake of two metals, copper (Cu) and neodymium (Nd), is mediated by the presence of the other metal or an elevated seawater temperature.  To investigate variation of trace element concentrations across sites, the amphipod Eusiroides monoculoides was collected from three sites in the Wellington region, approximately 5 km apart: Oriental Bay, Evans Bay and Point Halswell. To investigate differences amongst species comparisons were made between Eusiroides monoculoides, Apohyale papanuiensis and Sunamphitoe mixtura when they occurred at the same site. Analysing the trace element concentrations of 36 metals was done using an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Overall, although these sites were not greatly distant from each other, there were differences among sites. Evans Bay in general had the highest concentration of trace elements. Further, there were also species-specific differences and S. mixtura was the species with the highest concentration of trace elements. There was also a size effect, where the average dry weight of S. mixtura was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  To assess the effects of heavy metals Cu and Nd in both an ambient (14 °C) and elevated (20 °C) temperature, an experiment was run at Victoria University’s Coastal Ecology Lab (VUCEL). Sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana, were collected from a single site in Wellington (Scorching Bay) and assigned to eight treatments: ambient and warm controls in raw seawater and ambient and warm seawater doped with Cu, Nd and Cu and Nd together. Amphipods from treatments with Cu and Nd added had significantly higher concentrations of these metals from the controls, however temperature had no effect, and neither was there an interaction between the metals. Similar to S. mixtura from the field study, dry weight of B. quoyana was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  Results from this work demonstrate that when using amphipods as bioindicator species it is important to consider species and size specific effects. This thesis also provides baseline data for 20+ elements from three Wellington sites and demonstrates that there can be unexpected variation across relatively small spatial scales. The laboratory experiment did not yield results that coincided with the consensus of the literature. The experiment showed that at least in this case, temperature did not mediate the uptake of metals and there was a negative relationship between size and metal uptake.</p>

scholarly journals Trace element concentrations in wild mussels from the coastal area of the southeastern Adriatic, Montenegro

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Danijela Joksimovic ◽  
Slavka Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Mediterranean Mussel ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Biomonitoring Agent ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the present investigation was to quantify the levels of trace elements (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd and total Hg) in the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis (L.). Based on their levels, the quality of Montenegro seawater for future mussel farming was estimated. The mussel M. galloprovincialis (L.) was collected from four sites in the Montenegrin costal area in the period of two years to determine trace element concentrations and to classify the quality of the coastal water and possible health risks from its consumption. The mean metal concentrations in the mussels ranged from 133.5-205.9 for Zn, 7.50-14.5 for Cu, 4.42-13.3 for As, 4.70-12.9 for Pb, 1.73-2.41 for Cd and 0.07-0.59 for total Hg in mg/kg dry weight. The levels of toxic metals (except for Pb) in the mussels were within the maximum residual levels prescribed by the laws of Montenegro, the EU and the USFDA. In addition, the trace metal concentrations found in the mussels in this study were similar to regional data using this mussel as a biomonitoring agent of seawater quality.

ASSESSMENT OF TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FARMINGTON RIVER, HARTFORD COUNTY, CT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Costa ◽  
◽  
Carley M. Cavanaugh ◽  
Oluyinka Oyewumi
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Element Concentrations

Trace element concentrations in ambient air as a function of distance from road

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Silva ◽  
Shaodan Huang ◽  
Joy Lawrence ◽  
Marco A.G. Martins ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Element Concentrations
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