scholarly journals A GIS-Based Fit for the Purpose Assessment of Brackish Groundwater Formations as an Alternative to Freshwater Aquifers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Karim ◽  
Marangely Gonzalez Cruz ◽  
Elma A. Hernandez ◽  
Venkatesh Uddameri
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Freshwater Aquifers ◽  
Intended Use

A fit for purpose (FFP) framework has been developed to evaluate the suitability of brackish water resources for various competing uses. The suitability or the extent of unsuitability for an intended use is quantified using an overall compatibility index (OCI). The approach is illustrated by applying it to evaluate the feasibility of the Dockum Hydrostratigraphic Unit (Dockum-HSU) as a water supply alternative in the Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas. The groundwater in Dockum-HSU is most compatible for hydraulic fracturing uses. While the water does not meet drinking water standards, it can be treated with existing desalination technologies over most of the study area, except perhaps near major population centers. The groundwater from Dockum-HSU is most compatible for cotton production, but not where it is currently grown. It can be a useful supplement to facilitate a smoother transition of corn to sorghum cropping shifts happening in parts of the SHP. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), sodium, sulfate, and radionuclides are major limiting constituents. Dockum-HSU can help reduce the freshwater footprint of the Ogallala Aquifer in the SHP by supporting non-agricultural uses. Greater regional collaboration and more holistic water management practices are however necessary to optimize brackish groundwater use.

Sodic soil reclamation: Modelling and field study

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Almost Continuous

Reclamation of sodic soils has traditionally been undertaken using calculation of gypsum or Ca requirement assuming 100% exchange efficiency and neglect of the contribution of calcium carbonate in the profile. The UNSATCHEM model is reviewed and then evaluated for its ability to predict field reclamation of a sodic saline soil. The 40-ha field site was initially at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 50 dS/m and a sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 144 in the top 30 cm. After installation of a drainage system, 24 Mg/ha of gypsum was applied to a depth of 15 cm in the soil. Subsequently, 114 cm of water was applied by almost continuous ponding for 3 months. Model simulations were made based on infiltration of 70–80 cm of water, correcting for the estimated evaporation of 41 cm of water. These infiltration estimates are consistent with the good fit between the measured Cl concentrations after reclamation and the model predicted values after 70–80 cm of infiltrated water. Model predictions of EC and SAR after reclamation gave a satisfactory fit to the measured values. The effectiveness of mixing gypsum to various depths was evaluated in terms of the predicted SAR profiles. Alternative management practices of green manuring in presence of calcite were simulated and appeared feasible. In this instance it appears likely that the field could have been reclaimed either with less water or without the addition of gypsum.

scholarly journals Geo-Temporal Signatures of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Khulais Region—Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yawar Ali Khan ◽  
Mohamed El Kashouty ◽  
Waleed Gusti ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Ali Mohammad Subyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution ◽  
High Concentrations

Seawater has intruded into many of Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coastal aquifers, with varying degrees of extension depending on location, hydrogeology, and population density. This study aimed to evaluate and comprehend the processes that influence the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the coastal aquifer in Saudi Arabia’s Khulais region. Groundwater samples were taken from nineteen locations during the winter and summer of 2021, and data from major ions and trace elements were examined and interpreted using ArcGIS software. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranged between 480 and 15,236 mg/L and 887–18,620 mg/L in winter and summer, respectively. Groundwater TDS concentration was observed to be influenced by groundwater flow, lithogenic, anthropogenic, and seawater intrusion in this study (2021) when compared to 2016. The concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and strontium (Sr) in most samples exceeds the drinking guidelines. The occurrence of high concentrations of bromide (Br), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe) (winter and summer) and Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) (winter) was also exhibited and observed up to more than drinking and irrigation limits. The central part of the study area was affected by seawater intrusion. The hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil was measured, and it ranged from 0.24 to 29.3 m/day. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio, most aquifer samples were unsuitable for irrigation (SAR).

Soil and soil organic carbon effects on simulated Southern High Plains dryland Cotton production

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 105040
Author(s):  
Steven A. Mauget ◽  
Sushil K. Himanshu ◽  
Tim S. Goebel ◽  
Srinivasalu Ale ◽  
Robert J. Lascano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Southern High Plains

scholarly journals Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsiddig Eldaw ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽  
Yahaya Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Deep Aquifers

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical assessment of water quality for irrigation: A case study of the wetland complex of Guerbes-Sanhadja, North-East of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Hedjal ◽  
Derradji Zouini ◽  
Abdelwaheb Benamara
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
North East ◽  
The Status ◽  
Wetland Complex ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Irrigation Quality

AbstractThe wetland complex of Guerbes-Sanhadja (north-eastern Algeria), has experienced in recent years a certain economic expansion, particularly agricultural, about 47% of the useful agricultural area marked by several varieties of crops ranging from market gardening to speculative crops, requiring large quantities of water for irrigation purposes, however the swampy areas are the main sources used for irrigation purposes in this practice. It is therefore necessary for this water to have physicochemical properties adapted to plants, in particular the absence of salinity. This study was done to evaluate the status of the swamps areas quality and its suitability for irrigated agriculture. To achieve this objective, water samples from ten swamps areas water were collected from Guerbes-Sanhadja in February and June of 2016. The water quality of these swamps was estimated from different water quality parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC), the chemical parameters like Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, BOD5, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+ and PO43−. Based on the physico-chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (% Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH) were calculated. The results showed that the overall concentration of nitrate was very high. About 60 percent of the swampy areas had suitable water quality for chloride, and they had a concentration below the permissible limit for crop irrigation. From the Richards diagram, it is observed that most of the samples from the study area fall in the good to permissible classes for irrigation purpose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Cotton Yield using Cropsyst and Regression Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1433-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantazis Georgiou ◽  
Panagiota Koukouli
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production

The regional as well as the international crop production is expected to be influenced by climate change. This study describes an assessment of simulated potential cotton yield using CropSyst, a cropping systems simulation model, in Northern Greece. CropSyst was used under the General Circulation Model CGCM3.1/T63 of the climate change scenario SRES B1 for time periods of climate change 2020-2050 and 2070-2100 for two planting dates. Additionally, an appraisal of the relationship between climate variables, potential evapotranspiration and cotton yield was done based on regression models. Multiple linear regression models based on climate variables and potential evapotranspiration could be used as a simple tool for the prediction of crop yield changes in response to climate change in the future. The CropSyst simulation under SRES B1, resulted in an increase by 6% for the period 2020-2050 and a decrease by about 15% in cotton yield for 2070-2100. For the earlier planting date a higher increase and a slighter reduction was observed in cotton yield for 2020-2050 and 2070-2100, respectively. The results indicate that alteration of crop management practices, such as changing the planting date could be used as potential adaptation measures to address the impacts of climate change on cotton production.

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