scholarly journals Elucidation of the Mechanism of Blockage in Sewer Pipes by Fatty Acid Deposition and Suspended Solid

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Otsuka ◽  
Hiroshi Yamazaki ◽  
Eriko Ankyu ◽  
Tofael Ahamed ◽  
Martin Anda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Fog Deposition ◽  
Simulated Wastewater

The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which blockages occur in sewer pipes following the deposition of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) and suspended solids (SS). In this study, a simulated wastewater flow experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of sewer pipe blockage using lauric acid as fatty acid and florisil to simulate FOG and SS blockages, respectively. Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes (ϕ = 50 mm) with a flow speed of 2 L/min and 1% inclination were used in this experiment. In “Case L & F (lauric acid florisil),” the deposition of florisil and adhesion of solids increased at the bottom of the sewer pipe over a set period. After seven days, decreases in lauric acid concentration from 1000 to 57 mg/L and in Ca2+ concentration from 18 to 0.8 mg/L were observed. FOG deposits formed solids by the saponification of lauric acid and Ca2+ from tap water. In the simulated kitchen wastewater, either lauric acid or florisil exhibited solid deposition and adhesion. Based on these findings, the blockage mechanism was elucidated to confirm FOG deposition of and SS influenced by the combination of lauric acid, Ca2+, and florisil.

scholarly journals Pre-Filtering Mechanism Integrating Gis for Sewer Pipes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iheanyichukwu C. Nkwodinma ◽  
Mohd Kamarul Irwan Abdul Rahim ◽  
Wan Nadzri Osman ◽  
Che Azlan Taib
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Daily Water

Sewage system which is considered as a way of managing and transporting wastewater from its unhealthy and unhygienic state, treated and recycled to be used for the daily water source activities. It has always been considered that sewer pipe blockage, being a serious problem when it comes to sewage system therefore creating series of backdrop in the form of mosquitoes breeding which causes various diseases, unhealthy environment, and issues of backups in domestic, commercial and industrial buildings. Looking at the rise in population growth, it will prove more hectic and problematic if the sewer pipe blockages are not fully prioritized thereby finding proper ways of mitigating this unwanted catastrophe. In response to this situation, a new concept for mitigating, monitoring and observing the condition within and outside the sewer pipe is being introduced to systematically reduce the problem to a zero minimal tendencies of obstacles that can create a blockage or crack in sewer pipes. A lot of researches have made impacts in mitigating and locating these problems, but this research will be mainly focused on achieving a minimal to zero blockages. Within this context of study, the research is aimed at actualizing the systematic way at which sewer pipe blockage can be avoided or monitored by the use of an effective and efficient wastewater pre-filtering mechanism which the model will be tested to separate wastewater debris and at the same time reduce the FOG (Fat, Oil and Grease) sediments that can cause clogging and then blockage on the long run. The model will function in a way as to automatically deviate or move the waste water debris to a depositing space while the waste water liquid substance is transported via sewer pipe to the central waste water treatment zone integrating geographic information system (GIS) which is the use of spatial analysis in tracking and locating any form of roots or tree growth along the sewer pipe therefore minimising the issues of cracks due to root obstruction etc. Results of the study will be based on Malaysia as a case study.

Biological Mechanisms of H2S Formation in Sewer Pipes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Attal ◽  
M. Brigodiot ◽  
P. Camacho ◽  
J. Manem
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the biological phenomena involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide in urban wastewater (UWW) systems. It is found that the UWW itself naturally possesses the biomass needed to consume the sulfates. These heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria populations, though immediately active in strict anaerobic conditions, are present only in very low concentrations in the UWW. A concentration of them was studied within the pressure pipes, in the form of deposits, and this justifies the high concentrations of sulfides measured in certain wastewater networks. There are two reasons why the ferrous sulfate used as a treatment in any wastewater networks should not cause the production of additional sulfides. Firstly, the sulfate consumption kinetics are always too slow, relative to the residence time of the water in the pipe, for all of the sulfates to be consumed anyway. Secondly, the amount of assimilable carbon, soluble carbon, and carbon from suspended solid (SS) hydrolysis is insufficient.

Heme-Coordinating Analogs of Lauric Acid as Inhibitors of Fatty Acid ω-Hydroxylation

1997 ◽  
Vol 337 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lu ◽  
Michail A. Alterman ◽  
Chandra S. Chaurasia ◽  
Ramesh B. Bambal ◽  
Robert P. Hanzlik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology for Oily Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Zahraa N. Mahbouba ◽  
Abdulkhalik K. Mahmood ◽  
Musa H. Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Oil And Grease

Abstract Oil and gas sectors generate large amounts of oily wastewater, which is called produced water. In which, it contains high concentrations of hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants. This paper attempts to evaluate the performance and quality of using a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) to treat the produced water of Al-Ahdab oil field (Wassit, Iraq). 8 rectangular flat sheets of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were used. The area of each is 60 cm2 and pore size about 15 nm used in the experimental work. Prepared UFM is characterized by determining the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the UFM indicated high removal efficiency in all parameters and especially oil and grease and total suspended solid but in general it still less than the requirement of water reuse. The results showed that, a combination of a conventional treatment method and UFM technology have higher efficiency than using UFM only.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK CACING LAUT SIASIA (SIPUNCULUS, SP) DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI PULAU NUSALAUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Bernita Silaban
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Coastal Communities

Background: "Siasia" is a seaworm species in the phylum that includes Sipuncula Sipunculidea class. This animal has been consumed for generations by coastal communities Nusalaut Island, central mollucas but not yet universally known. Until now there has been obtained gisi complete composition. This study aimed to identify the composition of fatty acids contained in vain fresh seaworms. Methods: Seaworms vain taken from coastal waters of Negeri Titawaai and Nalahia Nusalaut Island, Central Moluccas in March 2014. The parameters analyzed include methods is sokhlet fat content and fatty acid by GC method. Results: The results showed fresh siasia fat content 1.12% of coastal waters Titawaai while 1.91% of coastal waters Nalahia. Fatty acids seaworms were identified from coastal waters Titawai  is  kaparat acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0), linolenic acid (C18: 3) acid and eicosapentaenoic (C20: 5) while the fatty acids of  seaworm vain of coastal waters Nalahia include is lauric acid (C12: 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid ( C16: 1), stearic acid (C18: 0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 3). Conclusion: The fat content of fresh siasia sea worms is 1.12% from the waters of Titawaai beach, while 1.91% of the waters of the coast of Nalahia.

scholarly journals Hydrophilic and lipophilic characteristics of non-fatty acid moieties: significant factors affecting antibacterial activity of lauric acid esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Min Park ◽  
Seon Joo Lee ◽  
Hyunjong Yu ◽  
Jun-Young Park ◽  
Ho-Sup Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Significant Factors

Carotinoide der Commelinacee Palisota barteri — ein neues β-Citraurin-Vorkommen

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Egger ◽  
Hella Kleinig-Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Fatty Acid

The deep red colour of the fruits of Palisota barteri results from a high content of Carotenoids. The main pigment now has been identified as β-Citraurin. It is esterified with the saturated fatty acids from C4, C6 ... up to C18. The main fatty acid is lauric acid. Minor pigments are Zeaxanthin and Cryptoxanthin, both esterified in the same manner as β-Citraurin, and β-Apo-8′-carotinal, β- and ξ-Carotin and a very small amount of Lycopin.

Physicochemical Properties, Lipid Oxidation, and Fatty Acid Composition of Sausage Prepared with Meat of Young Nellore Bulls Fed a Diet with Lauric Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 2000087
Author(s):  
Sergiane A. Araújo ◽  
Rebeca. D. X. Ribeiro ◽  
Anny. G. V. O. Lima ◽  
Thiago V. C. Nascimento ◽  
Jarbas M. Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lauric Acid

A Nano-SiO2 Form-Stable Phase Change Material for Building Thermal Energy Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Wei Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Time Service

A stable form-phase change materials (PCM), based on capric-lauric acid eutectic served as the absorption material and the support of nano-silica material to prepare by sol-gel method. The best ratio capric-lauric acid eutectic combination is determined for 60 wt. %. Capillarity because of the influence of the hydrogen bonding, fatty acid and eutectic can be fixed in the three dimensional network structure of the construction of the silicon atom bonds and O still so solid sample melting point composite heating more fatty acid eutectic. Form and chemical properties of the composite phase change the transmission electron microscope, semi and Fourier transform infrared method.- Differential scanning calorimetric hot method is used for measuring phase transition temperature and phase change of latent heat composite, value 19.57 and 71.28 J/g , respectively. At the same time, service performance and other composite material thermal stability and thermal conductivity coefficient test using thermo gravimetric analysis and transient hotline method, respectively.

In vitro ruminal methane suppression by lauric acid as influenced by dietary calcium

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Machmüller ◽  
C. R. Soliva ◽  
M. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Fiber Fermentation

The effect of Ca supplementation on the methane-suppressing effect of lauric acid was investigated in an experiment based on a 2 × 2-factorial arrangement using the in vitro system Rusitec. Additional Ca was supplemented at 1 g kg-1 diet in the form of compounds of relatively low solubility in rumen fluid. Lauric acid (C12:0), the predominant effective medium-chain fatty acid in coconut oil, was added at a level of 50 g kg-1. Adding C12:0 did not affect bacterial count, but eliminated ciliate protozoa from fermenters. Ammonia concentration in fermentation mixture declined and volatile fatty acid pattern changed with C12:0. The apparent degradation rate of total organic matter was not altered by C12:0, but fiber fermentation was depressed (P < 0.001). Effects of Ca on microbial counts and fermentation characteristics remained low. Without additional Ca, C12:0 reduced the average daily methane release (mmol g-1 organic matter degraded) by 76%. In comparison, C12:0 only reduced methane production by 47% when additional Ca was included in the diet (interaction of C12:0 and Ca, P < 0.05). The present results suggest that the dietary content of soap-forming Ca has to be kept low in order to achieve a high methane-suppressing effect of lauric acid. Key words: Methane, lauric acid, lipids, calcium, Rusitec, ruminants

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