scholarly journals Investigation of the Influence of Excess Pumping on Groundwater Salinity in the Gaza Coastal Aquifer (Palestine) Using Three Predicted Future Scenarios

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Seyam ◽  
Jawad S. Alagha ◽  
Taher Abunama ◽  
Yunes Mogheir ◽  
Augustine Chioma Affam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Water Management Strategy

The Gaza coastal aquifer (GCA) is the only source of water for about two million citizens living in Gaza Strip, Palestine. The groundwater quality in GCA has deteriorated rapidly due to many factors. The most crucial factor is the excess pumping due to the high population density. The objective of this article was to evaluate the influence of excess pumping on GCA’s salinity using 10-year predicted future scenarios based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANN-based model was generated to predict the GCA’s salinity for three future scenarios that were designed based on different pumping rates. The results showed that when the pumping rate remains at the present conditions, salinity will increase rapidly in most GCA areas, and the availability of fresh water will decrease in disquieting rates by 2030. Only about 8% of the overall GCA’s area is expected to stay within 500 mg/L of the chloride concentration. Results also indicate that salinity would be improved slightly if the pumping rate is kept at 50% of the current pumping rates while the improvement rate is much faster if the pumping is stopped completely, which is an unfeasible scenario. The results are considered as an urgent call for developing an integrated water management strategy aiming at improving GCA quality by providing other drinking water resources to secure the increasing water demand.

scholarly journals A system for modelling groundwater contamination in water supply areas: chloride contamination from road de-icing as an example

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Potential Groundwater ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Different Parts

A system for modelling groundwater contamination in water supply areas is presented, consisting of the flow and transport models, MACRO for the unsaturated zone and MOC for the groundwater zone, coupled to the geographical information system, IDRISI. A graphical user interface links the different parts of the system. The system was applied to a water supply area located close to a major road south of Stockholm. Chloride was used as an indicator in determining the risk for groundwater contamination from the road. The future chloride concentration in the aquifer was predicted and the effects of different pumping rates on the chemistry of the water supply well were tested. Modelling results showed that the chloride concentration in the aquifer will increase substantially due to road de-icing and that it will take decades to lower the chloride concentration down to the original background values after an end to the use of de-icing salt. The system may serve as a valuable tool in a planning context. Potential groundwater contamination scenarios can be simulated, and alternative groundwater management strategies can be evaluated.

An evaluation of alternative procedures using the Bou-Rouch method for sampling hyporheic invertebrates

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W Hunt ◽  
Emily H Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Sample Volume ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Larger Sample

This study assesses the influence of well design, pumping rate, and sample volume on hyporheic invertebrate density and richness estimates in three streams differing in sediment composition. A comparison of five well designs, i.e., temporary wells with no pores and with 4-, 6-, and 8-mm pores along the lower 15 cm and permanent wells with 6-mm pores, revealed no significant differences in either total invertebrate densities or taxon richness. Pumping rates, i.e., 1.5 versus 4 L·min-1, significantly affected density estimates at two streams and taxon richness at one of the three streams, shown by higher values at the faster pumping rate. A comparison of five sample volume sizes, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 L, indicated that smaller sample volumes produced significantly higher estimates of density, while larger sample volumes gave significantly higher estimates of taxon richness. These results underscore the importance of maintaining consistent pumping rates and sample volume sizes throughout the course of a study.

scholarly journals Impact on Gaza aquifer from recharge with partially treated wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami M. Hamdan ◽  
Abdelmajid Nassar ◽  
Uwe Troeger
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Impact

The Gaza Strip suffers from high pressure imposed on its water resources. There is a deficit of about 50 mm3 every year, which has led to a declination of groundwater level and deterioration of groundwater quality. New water resources are sought to fulfil the water deficit; among them is the artificial recharge of treated wastewater to groundwater. The impact of recharging partially treated wastewater in Gaza was tested through a pilot project implemented east of the existing wastewater treatment plant. The daily application of about 10,000 m3 of effluent to infiltration basins had an effect on the aquifer, which was monitored through the surrounding operating water wells over five years from 2000 until 2005. Although the monitored wells are operated for irrigation by farmers, impacts were clearly noticed. Groundwater levels improved and an increase in some areas of 0.6 m within three years was observed. The nitrate ion concentration also decreased in the groundwater due to nitrification processes. However, chloride ion, which indicates salinity, increased because the effluent has high chloride concentration. Boron levels increased in some areas to 0.5 mg/l, which could affect sensitive crops grown in the area.

The “short-cut” enhanced contamination of the Gaza Strip coastal aquifer

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1779-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Zoller ◽  
Lior C. Goldenberg ◽  
Abraham J. Melloul
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The Gaza Strip

scholarly journals Thermal-Plume fibre Optic Tracking (T-POT) test for flow velocity measurement in groundwater boreholes

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Read ◽  
V. F. Bense ◽  
O. Bour ◽  
T. Le Borgne ◽  
N. Lavenant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Average Flow Velocity ◽  
Pumping Rates

Abstract. We develop an approach for measuring in-well fluid velocities using point electrical heating combined with spatially and temporally continuous temperature monitoring using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). The method uses a point heater to warm a discrete volume of water. The rate of advection of this plume, once the heating is stopped, equates to the average flow velocity in the well. We conducted Thermal-Plume fibre Optic Tracking (T-POT) tests in a borehole in a fractured rock aquifer with the heater at the same depth and multiple pumping rates. Tracking of the thermal plume peak allowed the spatially varying velocity to be estimated up to 50 m downstream from the heating point, depending on the pumping rate. The T-POT technique can be used to estimate the velocity throughout long intervals provided that thermal dilution due to inflows, dispersion, or cooling by conduction do not render the thermal pulse unresolvable with DTS. A complete flow log may be obtained by deploying the heater at multiple depths, or with multiple point heaters.

scholarly journals Groundwater Evaluation and Management in Ain Sukhna, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Nabil El-Hazek ◽  
Neveen B. Abdelmageed ◽  
Hatem M. Mekhemer ◽  
Dalia H. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Groundwater Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
State Case ◽  
Good Agreement

Ain Sukhna has become one of the most important economic areas in Egypt recently. As a result of this economic development, the demand for water has increased, with special emphasis on groundwater. Therefore, in this paper, several scenarios are assessed in order to reach the best scenario for groundwater management giving the opportunity to achieve the development needs of that region.Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software is used to construct the solid model forsimulating the geometry of the aquifer layers. Then, a conceptual model is developed and calibrated in steady state case. The calibration results are satisfactory showing a good agreement between the calculated and observed heads. Finally, four scenarios are simulated with different pumping possibilities ranging from -25% to + 50% of the current pumping rates. The results show that it will be better if the current pumping rate is reduced by 25% which can make the drawdown values less than the other possibilities. It is also shown that the best recommended places to drill more wells can be in the east and south directions where the least drawdown values are found.

scholarly journals Effect of unconventional water resources interventions on the management of Gaza Coastal Aquifer in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Najjar ◽  
Gokmen Ceribasi ◽  
Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The non-conventional water resources of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and stormwater harvesting are promising water resources to enhance the water supply and to cope with the groundwater depletion of the Gaza Coastal Aquifer (GCA). In total, the current daily operation of the short-term low-volume (STLV) seawater desalination plants produces 36,000 m3 and on the large-scale perspective, the seawater desalination capacity is planned to lift from 150,000 to 300,000 m3 per day by the years 2025 and 2035, respectively. The wastewater treatment and reuse activities are processed through three wastewater treatment plants with a total daily capacity of 130,000 m3 which is proposed to be lifted to a capacity of 235,000 m3 by the beginning of 2025. The stormwater collecting and harvesting supply the water sector by about 550–820 cubic meters per day. The proposed stochastic and artificial intelligence model that was developed in this study to simulate the interactive conditions between the groundwater and the water intervention plan show proper performance in terms of (r) = 0.95–0.99 and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.09–0.21. The model outputs reveal that the annual groundwater abstractions will reach 192 million cubic meters by 2040 with an annual increasing rate of +3%. By applying the model, the optimum utilizing of the unconventional water resources contributes positively to the recovery of the GCA which is experiencing a decline hot spot in the water level reaches to −19 m below mean sea level (MSL) and is expected to drop to −28 m MSL by 2040. The impact of unconventional water resources interventions was investigated by simulating the water table trend using stochastic models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) through three scenarios. The first scenario which addresses the non-intervention status indicates that the groundwater table will decline by −1.5% in the northern governorates and by −51% in the southern governorates of the Gaza Strip within 2020–2040. The second scenario demonstrates the impact of the existing water interventions which reveals an interim recovery in the groundwater balance until 2025 where the water consumption tends to increase rapidly. The third scenario illustrates the impact of applying the full water management intervention plan where the depression cone in the groundwater level will be restored by about +10 m.

scholarly journals The Interrelations between a Multi-Layered Coastal Aquifer, a Surface Reservoir (Fish Ponds), and the Sea

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Tal ◽  
Yishai Weinstein ◽  
Stuart Wollman ◽  
Mark Goldman ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Surface Reservoir ◽  
Hydrogeological System

This research examines the interrelations in a complex hydrogeological system, consisting of a multi-layered coastal aquifer, the sea, and a surface reservoir (fish ponds) and the importance of the specific connection between the aquifer and the sea. The paper combines offshore geophysical surveys (CHIRP) and on land TDEM (Time Domain Electro Magnetic), together with hydrological measurements and numerical simulation. The Quaternary aquifer at the southern Carmel plain is sub-divided into three units, a sandy phreatic unit, and two calcareous sandstone (‘Kurkar’) confined units. The salinity in the different units is affected by their connection with the sea. We show that differences in the seaward extent of its clayey roof, as illustrated in the CHIRP survey, result in a varying extent of seawater intrusion due to pumping from the confined units. FEFLOW simulations indicate that the FSI (Fresh Saline water Interface) reached the coastline just a few years after pumping has begun, where the roof terminates ~100 m from shore, while no seawater intrusion occurred in an area where the roof is continuous farther offshore. This was found to be consistent with borehole observations and TDEM data from our study sites. The water level in the coastal aquifer was generally stable with surprisingly no indication for significant seawater intrusion although the aquifer is extensively pumped very close to shore. This is explained by contribution from the underlying Late Cretaceous aquifer, which increased with the pumping rate, as is also indicated by the numerical simulations.

scholarly journals Optimized Pumping Strategy for Reducing the Spatial Extent of Saltwater Intrusion along the Coast of Wadi Ham, UAE

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modou A. Sowe ◽  
Sadhasivam Sathish ◽  
Nicolas Greggio ◽  
Mohamed M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Pumping Rates

Many coastal aquifers are facing severe anthropogenic impacts such as urbanization, industrialization and agricultural activities are resulting in a saltwater intrusion. This establishes the need for a sustainable groundwater management strategy aimed to overcome the situation. Pumping of brackish/saline water to mitigate saltwater intrusion is a major potential approach to effectively control saltwater intrusion. However, this method has many challenges including selection of appropriate discharge rates under an optimum number of pumping wells and at specified wells distance from the shoreline. Hence, this study developed a Finite Element Flow and solute transport model (FEFLOW) to simulate three scenarios to assess the most appropriate pumping rates, number of wells and optimum well locations from the shoreline. These parameters were assessed and evaluated with respect to the change in groundwater saline concentration at different distance from the coastline. The 15,000 mg L−1 isosalinity contour line was used as a linear threshold to assess the progression of saltwater intrusion along three major locations in the aquifer. Scenario One was simulated with a constant number of wells and rate of pumping. Shifting of pumping wells to several distances from the shoreline was conducted. Scenario Two assessed the most appropriate number of pumping wells under constant pumping rates and distances from the shoreline and in scenario 3, the optimum pumping rates under a constant number of wells and distance from the shoreline were simulated. The results showed that the pumping of brackish/saline water from a distance of 1500 m from the shoreline using 16 pumping wells at a total pumping rate of 8000 m3 d−1 is the most effective solution in contrasting the saltwater intrusion in the Wadi Ham coastal aquifer.

Managing coastal aquifers in climate and socio-economic change: An indicator-based multi-criteria decision system approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Langmann ◽  
Hans Matthias Schöniger ◽  
Anke Schneider ◽  
Michael Sander
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Aquifer Management ◽  
Coastal Aquifer Management

<p>Worldwide, climate change as well as socio-economic changes are increasing pressure on water supply in coastal regions and lead to major changes in groundwater recharge as well as the regional water balance as parts of the hydrosystem. These changes are threatening water security and, thereby, impede the fulfillment of the SDG 6 targets, esp. SDG targets 6.2., 6.4. and 6.6 of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Thus, a modern water management demands innovative and profound methods and tools that comprehensively cover these complex changes. To address this challenge,  in the BMBF project "go-CAM" (Implementing strategic development goals in Coastal Aquifer Management) we took the methodological approach of developing new groundwater status indicators (e.g. chloride concentration in groundwater, position of saltwater/freshwater interface, freshwater volume) and corresponding target functions implemented in a new online-based management and evaluation tool called "CAM" (Coastal Aquifer Management). Both the physically based indicators as well as the target functions tackle economic as well as ecological issues. The groundwater status indicators are directly derived from the results of high-resolution, process-based (hydrological and hydrogeological) modeling of coastal hydrosystems. Due to their physical nature, the indicators are only applicable with appropriately designed climate and socio-economic scenarios for coastal water management if they are generated with models that also capture the system-relevant processes: Groundwater recharge, groundwater abstraction, discharge dynamics through drainage systems, sea level rise and groundwater discharge to the sea and saltwater intrusion.</p><p>The CAM platform is a tool that provides a way to make the results of the complex and extensive numerical modeling usable for a wider community and thus allow for a more efficient result exploitation. Building on the indicators and the selection of target functions and weighting factors the CAM tool uses Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis techniques (MCDA) to strengthen transparency and objectivity in decision-making processes and encourage communication between decision-makers in the water sector of coastal regions. In this way, the application of the CAM tool contributes to the establishment of an integrated water resources management and to derive and discuss future water management strategies as well as concrete measures.</p><p>Our methodological approach as well as the results are presented applied to a regional coastal groundwater study area in the northwestern part of Germany, the Sandelermöns region, which covers an area of about 1,000 km².</p>

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