scholarly journals A Screening Approach for Assessing Groundwater Quality for Consumption in Small Islands: Case Study of 45 Inhabited Islands in the Maldives

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Jaleel ◽  
Shaheeda Adam Ibrahim ◽  
Afsal Hussain ◽  
Mohamed Mustafa ◽  
Assela Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Alternative Water

The expense and logistical difficulties of groundwater assessment in geographically dispersed, small landmasses, prevent it from being widely applied in small island developing countries. We propose a survey-based approach for screening groundwater quality using crowd-sourced information. A household-level survey was conducted in 45 selected inhabited islands across 11 atolls of the Maldives. In each island, covering a sample size between 16 and 85 (median 50) households, use of groundwater, the perceived quality and household groundwater treatment methods applied, were surveyed. The respondents perceived groundwater as highly contaminated and non-potable, but due to the lack of alternative water resources, almost all respondents used it for non-potable purposes. Over 84% of the surveyed islands reported varying degrees of elevated salinity. The water quality indicators of odor, color, and debris were seen to be significantly correlated to each other, but salinity did not show such a correlation. Salinity increased with population density and decreased with the area of the island as well as the latitude. Household treatment of groundwater was rare. Due to the ease of deployment, rapidity of assessment, low cost, and good spatial coverage, crowd-sourced water quality screening can be a viable and important approach alongside detailed groundwater investigation studies.

Deterioration in water quality from supply chain to household and appropriate storage in the context of intermittent water supplies

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Elala ◽  
Pawan Labhasetwar ◽  
Sean F. Tyrrel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
The People ◽  
Good Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Safety Plan

Many water providers in urban developing country contexts have to supply the water intermittently due to the disparity between rapidly growing demand and investment in supply infrastructure. This can lead to water quality risks such as ingress of polluted groundwater and unsafe household storage. This study has investigated the common risks and possible alternative solutions down the supply chain in the Nagpur municipal piped network through quantitative and qualitative data collection. The water quality testing indicated a significant reduction in water quality between tap and point-of-use. Interviews and a sanitary survey indicated storage design, inappropriate extraction practice and children's access as the most frequent household storage risks. The people with socio-economically lower status were found to be in greatest need of interventions. The study leads to the following recommendations: there is a need for the evolution of a Water Safety Plan to enable supportive structures for good risk assessment which includes all stakeholders from source to point-of-use; community awareness of water quality risks needs to be raised; low cost ‘improved’ water storage at household level should be promoted; and the levels of residual chlorine should be investigated and adjustments made to assure potable water at point-of-use.

scholarly journals Interactive monitoring in reservoirs using NUSwan – preliminary field results

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Teong Beng Koay ◽  
Ashish Raste ◽  
Yen Hai Tay ◽  
YuSong Wu ◽  
Arun Mahadevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Sparse Samples ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Water quality monitoring of large freshwater bodies is usually slow and laborious, resulting in very sparse samples. This paper presents the design and preliminary field results from a network of low-cost mobile robots called NUSwan, a system aimed at addressing this issue. NUSwan robots can autonomously traverse a reservoir to provide real-time water quality data over the Internet, and allow users to modify the sampling missions interactively based on their interpretation of the data. The quality of measurements generated is comparable to that obtained from standard manual sampling. Moreover, the system incurs little logistics overhead while allowing higher monitoring frequency and spatial coverage. We present an example to show NUSwan's capability in detecting the emergence of water quality hotspots. Lastly, we demonstrate the potential of using data collected from a short mission carried out by NUSwan to rapidly assess the relationship between water quality indicators.

scholarly journals Assessment of Underground Water Quality in Karimunjawa Island, Central Java – Indonesia

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Joko Prihantono ◽  
Yulius Yulius ◽  
Semeidi Husrin ◽  
Muhammad Ramdhan ◽  
Wisnu A. Gemilang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All

As a small island and tourist destination, Karimunjawa municipal is need fresh water to support the tourist activity, mainly to supply drinking water. Unfortunately, freshwater on a small island is obtained from groundwater which is very limited and vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic activities. A groundwater assessment is necessary to receive up-to-date information on groundwater quality, to assess the groundwater feasibility for drinking water, and determine the pollutant source. The assessment was conducted by collected groundwater sampling from dug wells and swamp area in Karimunjawa municipal and then analyzed the samples in the laboratory to obtain the value of Nutrient (NO3-, NO2-, NH3-N); Heavy Metals (Cu, Fe, and Pb); and Salt (TDS, Cl-, Na+). These obtained parameters were compared with the quality standard of the minister of health regulation of the Republic of Indonesia about water quality standards for drinking water. In this study, 14 samples were collected and analyzed. The result shows that nutrient contaminant is low, but some groundwater sample was contaminated by ammonia. Heavy metal is undetectable, but almost all samples are contaminated by salt. Therefore, the groundwater in Karimunjawa municipal experienced seawater intrusion and not feasible to be consumed as drinking water.

scholarly journals Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Clean Water Supply in Pasaran Island, Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryadi Budi Wiyono ◽  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Public Baths

Pasaran is the only productive small island functioning as the anchovy and green clam production center in Bandar Lampung. Its water use has, however, increased since its designation as an economically fishery-based development area or minapolitan in 2012. This is due to the fact that groundwater resources in small island ecosystems surrounded by seawaters with a narrow diameter are easily affected by the insistence of seawater. Moreover, population pressure and land-use change are also feared to be affecting groundwater quality. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze and evaluate groundwater resource quality in Pasaran Island using five wells on the entire island as sampling points selected based on census. The samples were tested for physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the laboratory and compared with water quality standards (Minister of Health’s Regulation No. 32/2007). The results showed relatively low water quality because the samples contained up to 3900 μS/cm salinity, 3771.9 mg/l chlorides, 31.7–141.52 mg/l nitrates, and 6.8–170 MPN/100ml total coliform which exceed the standards for drinking water. Meanwhile, wells 1, 4, and 5 were found to be safe for sanitation-hygiene purposes and well 1 was suitable for public baths even though they are not of drinking quality. This means the groundwater quality generally met Class II-water requirements for clean water supplies.

scholarly journals Health gains from solar water disinfection (SODIS): evaluation of a water quality intervention in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Graf ◽  
Serge Zebaze Togouet ◽  
Norbert Kemka ◽  
Domitille Niyitegeka ◽  
Regula Meierhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

In developing countries, the burden of diarrhoea is still enormous. One way to reduce transmission of pathogens is by water quality interventions. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a low-cost and simple method to improve drinking water quality on household level. This paper evaluates the implementation of SODIS in slum areas of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Promoters trained 2,911 households in the use of SODIS. Two surveys with randomly selected households were conducted before (N = 2,193) and after (N = 783) the intervention. Using a questionnaire, interviewers collected information on the health status of children under five, on liquid consumption, hygiene and other issues. Prior to the intervention, diarrhoea prevalence amounted to 34.3% among children. After the intervention, it remained stable in the control group (31.8%) but dropped to 22.8% in the intervention group. Households fully complying with the intervention exhibited even less diarrhoea prevalence (18.3%) and diarrhoea risk could be reduced by 42.5%. Multivariate analyses revealed that the intervention effects are also observed when other diarrhoea risk factors, such as hygiene and cleanliness of household surroundings, are considered. According to the data, adoption of the method was associated with marital status. Findings suggest health benefits from SODIS use. Further promotional activities in low-income settings are recommended.

GEOPHYSICAL AND WATER QUALITY INDEX SURVEYS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AROUND UGBOR DUMPSITE IN BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4383-4393
Author(s):  
Osabuohien Idehen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vertical Electric Sounding ◽  
Geoelectric Layer

This study takes a look into groundwater quality at Ugbor Dumpsite area using water quality index (WQI), 2-Dimensional (2-D) geophysical resistivity tomography and vertical electric sounding (VES).The geophysical resistivity methods employed revealed the depth to aquifer, the geoelectric layers being made up of lateritic topsoil, clayed sand and sand. Along the trasverse line in the third geoelectric layer of lateral distance of 76 m to 100 m is a very low resistivity of 0.9 to 13 m from a depth range o f about 3 to 25 m beneath the surface- indicating contamination. Water samples were collected and analyzed at the same site during the raining season and during the dry season. The value of water quality index during the raining season was 115.92 and during the dry season was 147.43. Since values at both seasons were more than 100, it implies that the water is contaminated to some extent and therefore poor for drinking purpose. The Water Quality Index was established from important analyses of biological and physico-chemical parameters with significant health importance. These values computed for dumpsite area at Ugbor were mostly contributed by the seasonal variations in the concentrations of some parameters, such as, conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, nitrates, calcium,  phosphates, zinc, which showed significant differences (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in seasonal variation.

Innovative Tools for Water Quality Management and Policy Analysis: Desert and Streamplan

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Carlo De Marchi ◽  
Pavel Ivanov ◽  
Ari Jolma ◽  
Ilia Masliev ◽  
Mark Griffin Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Alternative Water

This paper presents the major features of two decision support systems (DSS) for river water quality modeling and policy analysis recently developed at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), DESERT and STREAMPLAN. DESERT integrates in a single package data management, model calibration, simulation, optimization and presentation of results. DESERT has the flexibility to allow the specification of both alternative water quality models and flow hydraulics for different branches of the same river basin. Specification of these models can be done interactively through Microsoft® Windows commands and menus and an easy to use interpreted language. Detailed analysis of the effects of parameter uncertainty on water quality results is integrated into DESERT. STREAMPLAN, on the other hand, is an integrated, easy-to-use software system for analyzing alternative water quality management policies on a river basin level. These policies include uniform emission reduction and effluent standard based strategies, ambient water quality and least-cost strategies, total emission reduction under minimized costs, mixed strategies, local and regional policies, and strategies with economic instruments. A distinctive feature of STREAMPLAN is the integration of a detailed model of municipal wastewater generation with a water quality model and policy analysis tools on a river basin scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽  
R. Meena ◽  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

<p>In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ram ◽  
S. K. Tiwari ◽  
H. K. Pandey ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Chaurasia ◽  
Supriya Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Quality Of Water

AbstractGroundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seasonal Groundwater Quality Changes Associated with Groundwater Pumping and Level Fluctuations in an Agricultural Area, Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kyoochul Ha ◽  
Eunhee Lee ◽  
Hyowon An ◽  
Sunghyun Kim ◽  
Changhui Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Groundwater Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal groundwater quality due to groundwater pumping and hydrochemical characteristics with groundwater level fluctuations in an agricultural area in Korea. Groundwater levels were observed for about one year using automatic monitoring sensors, and groundwater uses were estimated based on the monitoring data. Groundwater use in the area is closely related to irrigation for rice farming, and rising groundwater levels occur during the pumping, which may be caused by the irrigation water of rice paddies. Hydrochemical analysis results for two separate times (17 July and 1 October 2019) show that the dissolved components in groundwater decreased overall due to dilution, especially at wells in the alluvial aquifer and shallow depth. More than 50% of the samples were classified as CaHCO3 water type, and changes in water type occurred depending on the well location. Water quality changes were small at most wells, but changes at some wells were evident. In addition, the groundwater quality was confirmed to have the effect of saltwater supplied during the 2018 drought by comparison with seawater. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the water quality from July to October was confirmed to have changed due to dilution, and the effect was strong at shallow wells. In the study areas where rice paddy farming is active in summer, irrigation water may be one of the important factors changing the groundwater quality. These results provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for groundwater quality change in agricultural areas, particularly rice paddies areas, along with groundwater level and usage.

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