scholarly journals Contamination Status of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in Surface and Groundwater of the Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2187
Author(s):  
M.G.Y.L. Mahagamage ◽  
M.V.S.C. Pathirage ◽  
Pathmalal M. Manage
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Kelani River ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Waterborne diseases are a global problem that causes more than 2.2 million deaths annually. Therefore, the present study was focused on microbiological contamination of both ground and surface water by means of total coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Seventy two groundwater and 45 surface water sampling locations were selected to collect water from the head, transitional and meandering regions of the Kelani River Basin for a period of one year (both dry and wet seasons). The results of the study revealed that the entire Kelani River basin was contaminated with total coliform and E. coli bacteria and almost all the sampling locations exceed Sri Lanka Standards Institute (SLSI) guideline value given for drinking water (0 CFU/100 mL). Further, in groundwater, 17 locations were positive for Salmonella spp., whereas only 2 locations were positive for Campylobacter spp. In surface water, 26 and three sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp., respectively. In this study, 23 different human pathogenic serovars were isolated and the Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky was identified as the commonest type. Thus, the result of the study revealed that the consumption of raw water from the Kelani River Basin is unsafe and possible to cause gastrointestinal diseases.

scholarly journals Post harvest bacterial load in the gut of Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) from two fish markets of Brahmanbaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Tanjila Akter ◽  
Gawsia Wahidunnessa Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Shigella Spp

This study was conducted to enumerate the post harvest bacterial load in the gut of captured and cultured Ompok pabda by spread plate method using different selective culture media. The bateriological parameters, such as total viable bacterial counts (TVBC), total coliform counts (TCC), total fecal coliform counts (E. coli), pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp, Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were determined. Highest bacterial load was found in the month of July and lowest in January. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of gut microbes showed that TVBC of captured O. pabda were found 9.2 × 106, 7.0 × 107, 9.5 × 106 cfu/g and that of cultured fish were 1.56 × 107, 7.2 × 107 and 2.24 × 107 cfu/g during pre-monsoon, monsooon and post-monsoon, respectively. The bacteriological quality of fish from both captured and cultured sources did not comply with ICMSF standard. Pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were also detected from both captured and cultured O. pabda. The findings of this study indicated that the fish collected from the local fish markets were contaminated with different pathogenic bacteria that reflect the unhygienic conditions of the markets. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 243-251, 2019

scholarly journals Etiology of acute diarrhea among children in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Inês Cazentini MEDEIROS ◽  
Suzel Nogueira NEME ◽  
Paulo da SILVA ◽  
Divani Maria CAPUANO ◽  
Maria Clarice ERRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Positive samples were 22.8% (419) with 1.7% association of pathogens. Larger isolates were mainly from children 0 to 11 months old. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was most frequent (8.7%) with predominance of serogroup O119 (40.2%), followed by Shigella (6.2%), 63.6% of which S. sonnei.

scholarly journals Water quality and microbial contamination status of groundwater in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.Y.L. Mahagamage ◽  
Pavithrani S. Manage ◽  
Pathmalal M. Manage
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Locations

Abstract In Sri Lanka, among 2588 Salmonella positive cases, the highest incidences were recorded from Jaffna peninsula during 2005 to 2013. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the microbiological and chemical contamination status of groundwater (40 well water) sources in Jaffna during November 2016. The total coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. along with some physico-chemical parameters of groundwater were studied. The results revealed that entire peninsula was contaminated with total coliform and E. coli bacteria and the parameters recorded were not within the WHO and SLS (Sri Lanka Standards) drinking water quality standards. 38% of sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and among them six sampling locations were being used for drinking purposes. The results of the study correlates with the statistics of typhoid cases recorded in Jaffna. Results of the study also revealed that around 80% of wells were not within the values specified in guidelines of the SLS for drinking water quality on electrical conductivity. Further, 15% of wells recorded greater than 10 mgꞏdm–3 nitrate, which is still below the SLS drinking water standards (45 mgꞏdm–3). According to the water quality data, PCA analysis showed that Jaffna town, Nallur, Tellippalai and Kopay DS divisions has similar characteristics for water quality.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter by multiplex Real-time PCR in stool culture samples in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Salfo Sawadogo ◽  
Birama Diarra ◽  
Cyrille BIsseye ◽  
Tegwindé Rebeca Compaore ◽  
Florencia W. Djigma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACT:Background: Bacteriological diagnosis of Campylobacter spp, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp could be necessary in the case of infectious gastroenteritis syndrome.The objective of this study was to diagnose concomitantly the three enteropathogenic bacteria by multiplex Real-Time PCR in stool culture samples in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from February 5th to March 9th, 2013. Two hundred stool samples were received during the study period. The bacteria were identified by bacterial culture following by multiplex Real-Time PCR.Results: Shigella spp and Campylobacter spp were sought by culture in all 200 samples. Enteropathogenic E. coli was sought only in 37 samples from all children under 2 years old. The bacterial culture was positive in 12 stool samples. Shigella spp and Salmonella spp. were isolated respectively in 5 (2.5%) and 3 samples (1.5%). Enteropathogenic E. coli was isolated in 10.8% (4/37) of the samples tested.The multiplex real-time PCR identified bacteria in 20 patients, including 17 cases of Shigella spp., 1 case of Salmonella spp. and 2 cases of Campylobacter spp.Conclusions: This study has highlighted the low frequency of 3 sought bacterial genera in stool samples. It has also demonstrated a significant difference between the culture and the multiplex Real-Time PCR method in the diagnosis of Shigella.

scholarly journals Microbiological evaluation of lettuce produced by conventional and organic systems in farms of Londrina, PR

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Harumi Niguma ◽  
Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo ◽  
Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Organic System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Production Practices

The aims of this study were to evaluate the contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), produced in Londrina, Paraná (PR), with total coliform, coliform at 45 °C, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.; and to determine the E. coli contamination of irrigation water used at the farms studied. Four farms were evaluated, of which three produced lettuce using a conventional system and one using an organic system. An evaluation of the production practices of the farms was also carried out. A total of 111 samples were analyzed, 71 lettuce samples from the conventional system and 40 samples from the organic system. A total of eight irrigation water samples were collected for analysis. Coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated by Brazilian legislation were observed in 2.8% (2/71) of conventionally grown lettuce samples, and Salmonella spp. was isolated in 1.4% (1/71) of those samples. In the organic lettuce samples, 12.5% (5/40) had coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated and Salmonella spp. was not detected. Irrigation water samples from three farms were unsatisfactory, with counts higher than 102MPN of E. coli per 100mL. The results of this study demonstrate that most conventionally grown lettuce samples show good sanitary conditions in production, and that lettuce contamination is not related to contamination found in irrigation water samples. The results also showed that the organic production practices required by Brazilian certification agencies should be applied to ensure that contamination of produced lettuce remains controlled.

Microbiological Quality of Retail Imported Unprepared Whole Lettuces: A PHLS Food Working Group Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LITTLE ◽  
D. ROBERTS ◽  
E. YOUNGS ◽  
J. de LOUVOIS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Natural Microflora ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

A study of imported unprepared whole lettuces sampled from supermarkets, greengrocers, shops, and market stalls found that all were of acceptable microbiological quality. Twenty-seven out of 151 (18%) imported lettuce samples had Enterobacteriaceae levels of 104 CFU/g or more. However, these bacteria that constitute part of the natural microflora of unprepared vegetables may also be derived from the soil and/or by poor handling. The pathogens, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, and also Escherichia coli, an indicator of fecal contamination, were not detected in any imported lettuces, indicating that hygiene, harvesting, and production practices were good. Imported lettuces with Enterobacteriaceae levels of 104 CFU/g or more varied with type of retail premises and the temperature at which the lettuces were displayed. Samples from greengrocers, shops, and market stalls were more likely to contain Enterobacteriaceae at levels in excess of 104 CFU/g than those from supermarkets.

scholarly journals Norovirus Is the Most Frequent Cause of Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients in Monterrey, Mexico

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Néstor Casillas-Vega ◽  
Fernanda Flores-Rodríguez ◽  
Israel Sotelo-Coronado ◽  
Magda Elizabeth Vera-García ◽  
Aldo García-Heredia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Little information is available regarding the pathogens that cause diarrhea in hospitalized patients who also have various clinical problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of pathogens in fecal samples of hospitalized patients all suffering diarrhea in addition to other problems in Mexico. Diarrheic stools from 240 patients were obtained in a third-level hospital in Monterrey, Mexico. PCR was used for the detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Aeromonas spp., Clostridioides difficile, and norovirus GI and GII. The presence of trophozoites, cysts of protozoa, eggs, and/or helminth larvae was determined by microscopic observation. Of the 240 patients analyzed, 40.4% presented at least one of the pathogens analyzed. Norovirus was the pathogen most frequently found (28.6%), followed by bacteria (11.7%), and parasites (8.3%). The majority of co-infections were parasites + norovirus, and bacteria + norovirus. Norovirus was detected mainly in children aged 0 to 10 years (9/15, 60%). Patients aged 0–20 years did not present co-infections. Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica were the most common parasites, (8/240), and Salmonella was the most prevalent bacteria (10/240). This information can help design specific strategies useful for hospitalized people with a compromised status.

Standardized Microbiological Sampling and Testing Procedures for the Beef Industry†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 778-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELLY J. KARR ◽  
ELIZABETH A. E. BOYLE ◽  
CURTIS L. KASTNER ◽  
JAMES L. MARSDEN ◽  
RANDALL K. PHEBUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Standardized microbiological sampling and testing procedures were developed that can be used throughout the beef slaughter and processing industry to facilitate the collection and any desired compilation of comparative data. Twenty samples each from carcasses (brisket, flank, and rump areas combined); subprimal cuts (clods); lean trim; and cutting and/or conveyor surfaces were collected in three slaughter and processing operations, with the first operation being a preliminary trial and resulting in no reported data. Microbiological analyses for Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, total coliforms, E. coli Biotype I, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria (aerobic plate count, APC) were performed on all samples by an outside laboratory. The procedures developed were effective in allowing samples to be collected, shipped, and analyzed in the same manner for all operations. From a logistical standpoint, approximately 20 samples each of carcasses, clods, lean trim, and surfaces could be taken within 4 to 6 h by five people. Forty samples each of carcass, clod, lean trim, and conveyor surfaces from two plants tested negative for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp., with the exception of L. monocytogenes being isolated from one carcass and one clod sample. APCs and total coliform counts were between 103 to 105 and 102 to 103 CFU/cm2 or CFU/g, respectively, for the 40 samples each of carcasses, clods, and lean trim. APCs for surface swab counts ranged from ≤ 10 to 103 CFU/cm2.

Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in Broilers Processed in Air-Chilled and Immersion-Chilled Environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS X. SÁNCHEZ ◽  
WADE M. FLUCKEY ◽  
MINDY M. BRASHEARS ◽  
SHELLY R. McKEE
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Carcass chilling is considered a critical step for inhibiting bacterial growth during poultry processing. The objective of this study was to compare microbiological loads and the incidence of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses subjected to immersion chilling and air chilling. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogen isolates were determined. The results of this study indicated that the incidence of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. tends to be significantly lower in air-chilled broilers, suggesting that cross-contamination may be more prevalent for immersion-chilled broilers. No significant differences were detected between chilling treatments for total aerobic populations or for generic E. coli or coliform counts. Psychrotrophic populations were significantly larger (P < 0.05) in immersion-chilled broilers than in their air-chilled counterparts. Campylobacter isolates from immersion-chilled broilers had a higher incidence of resistance to nalidixic acid (NAL) and related fluoroquinolones than isolates from air-chilled broilers did. Additionally, Campylobacter isolates from air-chilled broilers had a higher frequency of resistance to tetracycline than isolates from immersion-chilled broilers did. With regard to Salmonella, isolates from immersion-chilled broilers had a higher incidence of resistance to NAL than isolates from air-chilled samples did. No Salmonella isolates from immersion- or air-chilled broilers were resistant to the fluoroquinolonestested. The chilling method used during processing may influence the microbial profile of postchilled broilers.

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