scholarly journals Are Water User Associations Prepared for a Second-Generation Modernization? The Case of the Valencian Community (Spain)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
César González-Pavón ◽  
Jaime Arviza-Valverde ◽  
Ibán Balbastre-Peralta ◽  
José Miguel Carot Sierra ◽  
Guillermo Palau-Salvador
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Water User Associations ◽  
Water User ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Technological Transition ◽  
Large Irrigation

This work focuses on the situation of the technological transition to new technologies in drip irrigation in the Valencian Community (Spain). The study covers the last decade with data from interviews to managers of Irrigation Communities in 2010 and 2018. We analyze the main technological problems in seven topics: (i) Catchment & Pumping; (ii) Storage & Regulation; (iii) Treatment & Filtering; (iv) Transport & Distribution; (v) Maneuver, Regulation & Protection; (vi) Automation; (vii) Theft and Vandalism. We also have researched the influence of the performance of the Automation system, the presence of a technician in the Irrigation Community and the use of sensors or climatic data. Results show that problems related to technological maintenance of filtering systems or automation are very common and important and they are more important in large Irrigation Communities. We have also observed that mostly large ICs are using sensors or climatic data for their irrigation schedule. We can conclude that their current situation is focused in the daily maintenance of technological problems, inherited from the first modernization processes at the beginning of 21st century. Hence, they are far away from a second stage of modernization or the smart irrigation pushed by the new advances on technology.

Water user associations in Inner Mongolia: Factors that influence farmers to join

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghua Qiao ◽  
Lijuan Zhao ◽  
K.K. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Water User Associations ◽  
Water User

The question of inclusion and representation in rural South Africa: challenging the concept of water user associations as a vehicle for transformation

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kemerink ◽  
L. E. Méndez ◽  
R. Ahlers ◽  
P. Wester ◽  
P. van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Water User Associations ◽  
Water User ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
Rural South Africa

The promotion of local governance and the transfer of water management responsibilities to water user associations (WUAs) have been central in water reform processes throughout the world, including in the reforms that took place in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper reflects on the notions of inclusion and representation as put forward by the various actors involved in the establishment of a WUA in a tertiary catchment in the Thukela River Basin. The paper describes how the WUA in the study catchment came to be dominated by commercial farmers, despite the South African government's aim to redress the inequities of the past by the inclusion and representation of historically disadvantaged individuals. The authors argue that the notions of inclusion and representation as embedded in the concept of the WUA are highly contested and more aligned with the institutional settings familiar to the commercial farmers. The paper concludes that, unless the inherently political nature of the participatory process is recognized and the different institutional settings become part of the negotiation process of the ‘why’ and the ‘how’ of progressive collaboration at catchment level, the establishment of the WUA in the study catchment will not contribute to achieving the envisioned transformation.

scholarly journals COMPUTATIONAL AFFORDANCES, CONTEXT COLLAPSES AND OTHER CHALLENGES TO LINGUISTIC STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-600
Author(s):  
Vinícius Vargas Vieira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
21St Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Linguistic Practices

ABSTRACT With the increasing incorporation of digital media in 21st century societies, a paradigmatic phenomenon is occurring on the language issue: communicative practices have started being widely mediated by technology. Besides incorporating earlier technologies, such as radio and television, computers have enabled users, who were mere passive recipients, to become information emitters as well. Starting from the principle pointed out by Marshall McLuhan (1964) that the medium controls the scales and actions configured in language, this paper seeks to understand the scalar levels of new technologies contexts and how they reverberate on meditated linguistic practices. Digital media are considered here as their own computational designs, communication channels that, far from being neutral, are previously set by large computational companies and, therefore, present ideologies and already configured forms of interaction, stimulating semiotic and pragmatic dimensions of language, reflecting on aspects of culture and, consequently, on political life.

scholarly journals La socialización política en la sociedad del conocimiento / Socialization Policy in the Knowledge Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Campo Sánchez ◽  
José Manuel Mansilla Morales
Keyword(s):  
Political Socialization ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sociedad Del Conocimiento ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Political Units

ABSTRACTIn recent times, mankind has been able to optimize the scientific and technological advances exceptionally, trans-forming history as no other event had done since Neolithic times and ensuring the emergence of a new society "information-al", "technology" or "knowledge ". Technology has played a prominent role in these changesdynamic phenomena such as digital  globalization  has  changed  paradigms,  social  patterns  and  habits  of  millions  of  individual ́s  roles.  The  traditional mechanisms of political socialization are implemented by the emergence of new technologies in the population. In this con-text  we  propose  how  they  perform  the  processes  of  political  socialization  of  citizens  today.  The  plurality  of  languages  and sensibilities,  the  crisis  of  the  usual  paradigms,  and  the  integration  into  broader,  political  units  requires  us  to  explore  new spaces and forms of education / political socialization. In this paper we aim, firstly, to ask what's new in technological so-cialization and in the second stage, what implications this has on the construction of a new mode of political education.RESUMENEn los últimos tiempos la humanidad ha sabido optimizar los avances científicos y tecnológicos de manera excepcional, transformando la historia como ningún otro acontecimiento lo había hecho desde el Neolítico y procurando el advenimiento de una nueva sociedad “informacional”, “tecnológica” o del “conocimiento”. Las tecnológicas han jugado un papel destacado en estos cambios al dinamizar fenómenos tales como la globalización digital que han modificado paradigmas, patrones sociales y hábitos de millones de individuos. Los tradicionales mecanismos de socialización política se ven implementados por la irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías en la población. En este contexto planteamos cómo se realizan en la actualidad los procesos de socialización política de los ciudadanos. La pluralidad de lenguajes y de sensibilidades, la crisis de los paradigmas habituales, la integración en unidades políticas más amplias, nos obliga a analizar nuevos espacios y formas de educación / socialización política. En este artículo, en un primer momento, qué hay de novedoso en la socialización tecnológica y, en un segundo momento, qué implicaciones tiene en la construcción de un nuevo modo de educación política.

The Impact of New Technologies on Professional Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Sarah T. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
21St Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Effective Professional Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Support Students

Professional development in schools is not a new concept; however, the impact of new technologies in the past two decades has shown it is important to incorporate research-based strategies in order to be effective. While strategies for curriculum-focused trainings may have been effective in the past, technology-focused training must take a different approach in the 21st century. Effective professional development will positively impact student achievement and is critical for sustainable school reform. This chapter addresses the importance of developing a new learning environment conducive to supporting professional development in technology. Key strategies necessary to support students’ needs in the 21st century are explained. Without an emphasis on specific activities and opportunities throughout the phases of planning and implementation, professional development will not be sustainable and student achievement will not be impacted.

Development Trends in Economics of Distance Education from the Perspective of New Technologies

2014 ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Eren Kesim
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Education Services ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Access To Knowledge

New and developing technologies influence all societies in the 21st century in which the process of change is experienced intensely. Through the increased routes of access to knowledge and the increased importance of up-to-date information, the needs and expectations of individuals have become more varied. Countries with individuals equipped with new and current information in accordance with the needs of the age have an important competitive advantage in the global economy. The importance of education as a social institution grows every day in this process. In the 21st century understanding of education, which portrays the individual as a value to be developed, many sub-fields of expertise have emerged as educational sciences developed further. Studies in these fields allow for educational institutions to train and raise more qualified people. One area of expertise that guides national educational policies today is distance education. Distance education services provided by emerging technologies provide flexible learning opportunities for all individuals. An important aspect in providing distance education services is the economics of distance education. This chapter studies the economic aspects of distance education services through a general evaluation of emerging technologies with regard to the economics of distance education.

The World's Oldest Profession - Now and Then

2017 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Steven A. Cinelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Strategic Imperative

Modern banking found its roots during the Renaissance period casted by the European merchant banks. Their success was due in large part to their aggregation, absorption and deployment of information about borrowers, structures and markets. In the 21st century, banking again is being advanced due to insights developed by vast amounts of information and data, this time gathered and managed through new technologies and models, in quest of efficiency, improved risk management and improved portfolio performance. New entrants into the business of banking operate outside of existing regulatory structures, and may enjoy a level of competitive flexibility compared to existing commercial banks. Might this portend the end of the so-called modern commercial banking model, or might it serve as a strategic imperative for the banks to adapt to innovation?

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