scholarly journals Critical Water Geographies: From Histories to Affect

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daanish Mustafa ◽  
Sarah J. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
North America ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Critical Aspects

Water resource geography has undergone a considerable transformation since its original moorings in engineering and the pure sciences. As this Special Issue demonstrates, many intellectual and practical gains are being made through a politicized practice of water scholarship. This work by geographers integrates a critical social scientific perspective on agency, power relations, method and most importantly the affective/emotional aspects of water with profound familiarity and expertise across sub-disciplines and regions. Here, the ‘critical’ aspects of water resource geography imply anti-positivist epistemologies pressed into the service of contributing to social justice and liberation from water-related political and material struggles. The five papers making up this Special Issue address these substantive and theoretical concerns across South and West Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and North America.

scholarly journals High infectious disease burden as a basis for the observed high frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi ◽  
Augustina Frimpong ◽  
Frederica Dedo Partey ◽  
Helena Lamptey ◽  
Linda Eva Amoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization

Following the coronavirus outbreaks described as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, the world has again been challenged by yet another corona virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infections were first detected in a Chinese Province in December 2019 and then declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. An infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 may result in asymptomatic, uncomplicated or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fatal disease has been linked with the uncontrolled “cytokine storm” manifesting with complications mostly in people with underlying cardiovascular and pulmonary disease conditions. The severity of COVID-19 disease and the associated mortality has been disproportionately lower in Africa and Asia in comparison to Europe and North America in terms of number of cases and deaths. While persons of colour who live in Europe and North America have been identified as a highly susceptible population due to a combination of several socioeconomic factors and poor access to quality healthcare, this has not been the case in sub-Saharan Africa where inhabitants are even more deprived concerning the said factors. On the contrary, sub-Saharan Africa has recorded the lowest levels of mortality and morbidity associated with the disease, and an overwhelming proportion of infections are asymptomatic. This review discusses the most probable reasons for the significantly fewer cases of severe COVID-19 disease and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: A rapid study of nine countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmul Haider ◽  
Abdinasir Yusuf Osman ◽  
Audrey Gadzekpo ◽  
George O. Akpede ◽  
Danny Asogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
Health System ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Sub Saharan

Lockdown measures have been introduced worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19. This paper defines the term lockdown and describes the design, timing and implementation of lockdown in nine countries in Sub Saharan Africa: Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It also discusses the manner in which lockdown is enforced, the need to mitigate the harms of lockdown, and the association between lockdown and the reported number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. While there are some commonalities in the implementation of lockdown, a more notable finding is the variation in the design, timing and implementation of lockdown measures across the nine countries. We found that the number of reported cases is heavily dependent on the number of tests done, and that testing rates ranged from 9 to 21,261 per million population. The reported number of COVID-19 deaths per million population also varies, but is generally low when compared to countries in Europe and North America. While lockdown measures may have helped inhibit some community transmission, the pattern and nature of the epidemic remains unclear. Of concern are signs of lockdown harming health by affecting the functioning of the health system and causing social and economic harms. This paper highlights the need for inter-sectoral and trans-disciplinary research capable of providing a rigorous and holistic assessment of the harms and benefits of lockdown.

scholarly journals Prospects of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Water Scarcity Mitigation and Environmental Pollution Control in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Oluwatobi Idowu Alawode ◽  
Kola Ogedengbe ◽  
Ayodeji Fisayo Afolayan ◽  
Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper discusses wastewater and proven techniques for wastewater remediation and reuses from the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perspective. Water scarcity and polluted water sources contribute to the death of a large population of people daily; most of whom are living in SSA. The vast availability of non-recycled wastewater and poor waste management infrastructures in SSA is the major contributing factor to environmental degradation and water pollution. In this paper, the challenges confronting wastewater treatment and reuse towards improving water resource management in SSA are discussed. One major issue identified in this work is the socio-cultural perception of people in SSA to the emerging trend of wastewater reuse for water resource conservation and management. One recognized approach by which wastewater reuse can be encouraged in SSA is by validating the quality of the reclaimed water through public sensitization. Another method is by introducing incentives that will motivate public acceptability of recycled water from wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals The Global Trend of the Net Irrigation Water Requirement of Maize from 1960 to 2050

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Oumarou Abdoulaye ◽  
Haishen Lu ◽  
Yonghua Zhu ◽  
Yousef Alhaj Hamoud ◽  
Mohamed Sheteiwy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Sub Saharan

Irrigated production around the world has significantly increased over the last decade. However, climate change is a new threat that could seriously aggravate the irrigation water supplies and request. In this study, the data is derived from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). For the climate change scenarios, five Global Climate Models (GCMs) have been used. By using the CROPWAT approach of Smith, the net irrigation water requirement (IRnet) was calculated. For the estimation of the potential evapotranspiration (Epot), the method in Raziei and Pereira was used. According to representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5, these increases vary between 0.74% (North America) and 20.92% (North America) while the RCP 8.5 predict increases of 4.06% (sub-Saharan Africa) to more than 68% (North America). The results also show that the region of Latin America is the region with the large amount of IRnet with coprime value between 1.39 km3/yr (GFDL 4.5) and 1.48 km3/yr (CSIRO 4.5) while sub-Saharan Africa has the smallest IRnet amount between 0.13 km3/yr (GFDL 8.5) and 0.14 km3/yr (ECHAM 8.5). However, the most affected countries by this impact are those in sub-Saharan Africa. This study will probably help decision-makers to make corrections in making their decision.

An E-Classification of the World's Capital Cities

2011 ◽  
pp. 200-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Brunn
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Tourism Information ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
City States

The world’s capital cities perform various political functions for their populations, contain embassies, consulates, and missions of other governments, and serve as headquarters for major corporations, cultural, and humanitarian organizations. While social scientists have classified major cities based on population size, number of corporate headquarters, banks, and airline connections, the emergence of ICTs suggests additional criteria. I use the number of URL references to Web sites listed in the Google search engine for 199 world capitals and classify them into five distinct categories. Small, prosperous city-states and major capitals in Western Europe and North America have the most hyperlinks. The fewest are for capitals in poor, rural Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Capitals with multiple government offices, strong ICT economies and dominant tourist economies have the most hyperlinks per capita. These are mostly in wealthy Europe and North America. The lowest values are among African and Asian capitals in poor countries and those with repressive regimes. Major news items, embassy, financial, and tourism information are major themes on web pages. Additional research topics are suggested.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Jade S. Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Global South ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Sub Saharan

The concluding chapter turns to the questions and observations that initially motivated this project: the role of women in sub-Saharan Africa, whom population advocates claim to represent. It raises questions about the links between contemporary investment in global South girls, instrumental gender and climate change solutions, and sexual stewardship, demonstrating how development-led concepts of women’s agency elide the contexts of their everyday lives. It concludes, not by offering solutions, but by fretting over the role of youth population advocacy, the politics and possibilities of their engagements with this work, raising questions about whether and how young people can transform populationist ideas into something closer to the social justice they seek.

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