scholarly journals Multi-Biomarker Assessment in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) Liver after Acute Chlorpyrifos Exposure

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Stoyanova ◽  
Elenka Georgieva ◽  
Iliana Velcheva ◽  
Ilia Iliev ◽  
Tonka Vasileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The excessive use of pesticides at different stages of crop production can pose a great danger to the aquatic environment, and particularly to fish. The purpose of the present work was to assess the negative effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the liver histological architecture and the activities of marker enzymes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758), by applying a multi-biomarker technique. The tested insecticide is categorized as a priority pollutant in surface waters in terms of Directive 2013/39/EU. The carps were exposed to different and environmentally relevant CPF concentrations for 72 h (a short-term acute experiment). The results showed that the tested insecticide alters the liver histological structure, causing degenerative lesions, such as granular and vacuolar degeneration; necrobiotic alterations and necrosis, as well as changes in the circulatory system. In addition, CPF induces changes in the enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), cholinesterase (ChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). The results from such experimental set ups could be successfully used in the legislation related to the protection of water bodies from contamination, in areas with intensive application of plant protection products used in agricultural practices, and also in implementing the Water Frame Directive by using multi-biomarker approaches.

scholarly journals Which Is More Toxic? Evaluation of the Short-Term Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin on Selected Biomarkers in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758)

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Elenka Georgieva ◽  
Vesela Yancheva ◽  
Stela Stoyanova ◽  
Iliana Velcheva ◽  
Ilia Iliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Circulatory Disturbances ◽  
The Eu

The general aim of this study was to investigate the negative short-term effects of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP), based on the EU legislation (MAC-EQS) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) under laboratory conditions and to compare their toxicity. The fish were exposed to the pesticides for 96 h and then different histological and biochemical biomarkers were investigated in the gills and liver, and bioaccumulation analyses were conducted. The chemical studies showed increased pesticide concentrations in the gills as the first site for pollutants compared to the liver at the 96th hour. In addition, the histological analyses showed severe alterations in the gills and liver after exposure to both tested pesticides. In the gills, we found mainly intense proliferative and, to a lesser extent, degenerative changes and alterations in the circulatory system, such as necrosis and vasodilation. In the liver, regressive and progressive lesions, as well as circulatory disturbances and inflammation, were observed. The regressive lesions showed a higher degree of expression compared to the other changes. Furthermore, we found altered enzymatic activities—catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase—in the liver, compared to the control. Overall, both tested pesticides impacted the studied biomarkers in common carp, even at concentrations lower than those permitted by law. However, the results of the comparative analysis showed a relatively higher toxicity of CYP compared to CPF in the fish. Still, questions persist as to whether the observed changes are adaptive or entirely destructive. To avoid any danger or risk, these pesticides must be applied cautiously, especially near water bodies.

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