scholarly journals Physical Factors Impacting the Survival and Occurrence of Escherichia coli in Secondary Habitats

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Fritz Petersen ◽  
Jason A. Hubbart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Secondary Habitats ◽  
Primary Habitat

Escherichia (E.) coli is a fecal microbe that inhabits the intestines of endotherms (primary habitat) and the natural environment (secondary habitats). Due to prevailing thinking regarding the limited capacity of E. coli to survive in the environment, relatively few published investigations exist regarding environmental factors influencing E. coli’s survival. To help guide future research in this area, an overview of factors known to impact the survival of E. coli in the environment is provided. Notably, the lack of historic field-based research holds two important implications: (1) large knowledge gaps regarding environmental factors influencing E. coli’s survival in the environment exist; and (2) the efficacy of implemented management strategies have rarely been assessed on larger field scales, thus leaving their actual impact(s) largely unknown. Moreover, the persistence of E. coli in the environment calls into question its widespread and frequent use as a fecal indicator microorganism. To address these shortcomings, future work should include more field-based studies, occurring in diverse physiographical regions and over larger spatial extents. This information will provide scientists and land-use managers with a new understanding regarding factors influencing E. coli concentrations in its secondary habitat, thereby providing insight to address problematic fecal contamination effectively.

scholarly journals A Review of Environment Effects on Nitrate Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Controlled Environments

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Bian ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Steven Grundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Controlled Environments

Excessive accumulation of nitrates in vegetables is a common issue that poses a potential threat to human health. The absorption, translocation, and assimilation of nitrates in vegetables are tightly regulated by the interaction of internal cues (expression of related genes and enzyme activities) and external environmental factors. In addition to global food security, food nutritional quality is recognized as being of strategic importance by most governments and other agencies. Therefore, the identification and development of sustainable, innovative, and inexpensive approaches for increasing vegetable production and concomitantly reducing nitrate concentration are extremely important. Under controlled environmental conditions, optimal fertilizer/nutrient element management and environmental regulation play vital roles in producing vegetables with low nitrate content. In this review, we present some of the recent findings concerning the effects of environmental factors (e.g., light, temperature, and CO2) and fertilizer/nutrient solution management strategies on nitrate reduction in vegetables grown under controlled environments and discuss the possible molecular mechanisms. We also highlight several perspectives for future research to optimize the yield and nutrition quality of leafy vegetables grown in controlled environments.

scholarly journals Survival of fecal indicator bacteria in the grass philosphere when irrigated with livestock waste water

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-349
Author(s):  
O. Е. Chezlova ◽  
A. A. Volchak
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Significant Factors

In a field experiment, the dying off of sanitary-indicative bacteria in grasses when irrigating them with wastewater of a pig breeding complex was assessed. Watering was carried out with norms of 270, 180 and 90 m3/ha. Bacterial contamination of herbs was directly dependent on the rate of irrigation with wastewater. E. coli 10 days after watering with a wastewater norm of 270 m3/ha was preserved in plants, while at a rate of 180 and 90 m3/ha it was absent. After 21 days, this microorganism was absent in plants with all types of irrigation wastewater. For indicators of E. coli, the total microbial count (TBC), enterococci is adequate model of the exponential dying of bacteria in plants, depending on the time after watering wastewater. Microorganisms were distributed according to the rate of dying down as follows (in decreasing direction): E. coli (k = 0.48 day–1), TBC (k = 0.089–0.17 day–1), enterococci (k = 0.086–0.10 day–1). The time of a 10-fold reduction in the number of bacteria was smaller for E. coli – 4.76 days, for enterococci it varied from 22.91 to 26.69, for TBC – from 13.37 to 25.77 days. The obtained equations of multiple regression allowed to identify the most significant factors influencing the number of bacteria, as well as to predict it within the framework of the models created.

scholarly journals Improving Treatment Outcomes for Leprosy in Pernambuco, Brazil: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Retreatment Patients and their Carers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Khanna ◽  
Gilles de Wildt ◽  
Luiz Antonio Miranda de Souza Duarte Filho ◽  
Andrea Maia Fernandes de Araújo Fonseca ◽  
Mitali Bajaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract BackgroundBrazil has a high leprosy burden and poor treatment outcomes (TOs). Pernambuco, an impoverished Brazilian state suffering from notable geographical health inequalities, has ‘hyperendemic’ leprosy. Although current literature identifies the barriers and facilitators influencing leprosy treatment compliance, there is inadequate investigation into other factors influencing TOs, including carers’ roles. This qualitative study explores the experiences, perceptions and beliefs of leprosy patients and their carers in Pernambuco, Brazil; to identify location-specific factors influencing TOs, and consequently appropriately inform future management strategies.Methods27, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 patients and 13 carers. Participants were recruited using maximum variation and snowball sampling from three clinics in Petrolina, Pernambuco. Transcripts and field notes from both participant groups were separately analysed using conventional thematic and deviant case analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Birmingham Internal Research Ethics Committee and the Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Brazil. ResultsTwo homologous sets of four, primary, interdependent themes influencing leprosy TOs emerged: ‘personal factors’; ‘external factors’; ‘clinical factors’; and ‘the HCP-patient-carer relationship’. Poor participant knowledge and lack of symptomatic relief caused patients to distrust treatment. However, because participants thought HCP-led interventions were vital for optimal TOs, patients were effectively persuaded to adhere to pharmaceutical treatments. High standard patient and population education facilitated treatment engagement by encouraging evidence-based medicine belief, and dispelling health myths and stigma. Healthcare, on occasions, was perceived as disorganised, particularly in resource-scarce rural areas, and for those with mental health needs. Participants additionally experienced incorrect/delayed diagnoses and poor contact tracing. Leprosy’s negative socio-economic impact on employment – together with stigma, dependency and changing relationships – caused an altered sense of identity, negatively impacting TOs. Better dialogue between patients, HCPs and carers facilitated individualised patient support. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of: effective evidence-based leprosy education; communication between HCPs, patients and carers; state-funded support; and healthcare resource distribution. These findings, if prioritised on governmental scales, provide the valuable insight needed to inform location-specific management strategies, which are required to improve TOs. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these implementations. Failure to address these findings will hinder regional elimination efforts.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

An Investigation on Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Retention among Gen Y: A Study in Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic reward on retention among Gen Y employees in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The data was collected from 113 respondents worked in manufacturing companies located in Seri Kembangan, Selangor using questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed both extrinsic and intrinsic reward are the factors influencing retaining Gen Y in manufacturing companies. The discussion on the analysis, limitation of the study, recommendation for future research and conclusion were discussed at the end of this study. In a nutshell, it was proven extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward has contributed to the retention of Gen Y employees.

scholarly journals Environmental factors influencing the number of mosquitoes captured by C0_2 traps at residential areas in Tokyo and neighboring cities, Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
N Nihei ◽  
T Tsuda ◽  
H Kurahashi ◽  
Y Higa ◽  
O Komagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals A qualitative investigation of LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Town ◽  
Daniel Hayes ◽  
Peter Fonagy ◽  
Emily Stapley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Coping Methods ◽  
Group A

AbstractThere is evidence that young people generally self-manage their mental health using self-care strategies, coping methods and other self-management techniques, which may better meet their needs or be preferable to attending specialist mental health services. LGBTQ+ young people are more likely than their peers to experience a mental health difficulty and may be less likely to draw on specialist support due to fears of discrimination. However, little is known about LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health. Using a multimodal qualitative design, 20 LGBTQ+ young people participated in a telephone interview or an online focus group. A semi-structured schedule was employed to address the research questions, which focussed on LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health, what they perceived to stop or help them to self-manage and any perceived challenges to self-management specifically relating to being LGBTQ+ . Reflexive thematic analysis yielded three key themes: (1) self-management strategies and process, (2) barriers to self-management and (3) facilitators to self-management. Participants’ most frequently mentioned self-management strategy was ‘speaking to or meeting up with friends or a partner’. Both barriers and facilitators to self-management were identified which participants perceived to relate to LGBTQ+ identity. Social support, LGBTQ+ youth groups and community support were identified as key facilitators to participants’ self-management of their mental health, which merits further investigation in future research. These findings also have important implications for policy and intervention development concerning LGBTQ+ young people’s mental health.

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