scholarly journals Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction—Analytical Approach

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nawalany ◽  
Grzegorz Sinicyn ◽  
Maria Grodzka-Łukaszewska ◽  
Dorota Mirosław-Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Water Seepage ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Modelling of water flow in the hyporheic zone and calculations of water exchange between groundwater and surface waters are important issues in modern environmental research. The article presents the Analytical Hyporheic Flux approach (AHF) permitting calculation of the amount of water exchange in the hyporheic zone, including vertical water seepage through the streambed and horizontal seepage through river banks. The outcome of the model, namely water fluxes, is compared with the corresponding results from the numerical model SEEP2D and simple Darcy-type model. The errors of the AHF model, in a range of 11–16%, depend on the aspect ratio of water depth to river width, and the direction of the river–aquifer water exchange, i.e., drainage or infiltration. The AHF model errors are significantly lower compared to the often-used model based on vertical water seepage through the streambed described by Darcy’s law.

scholarly journals A hierarchical approach on groundwater-surface water interaction in wetlands along the upper Biebrza River, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 2329-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Anibas ◽  
B. Verbeiren ◽  
K. Buis ◽  
J. Chormański ◽  
L. De Doncker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Abstract. As recognized in the European Water Framework Directive, groundwater-dependent wetlands and their diverse ecosystems have important functions which need to be protected. The vegetation in such habitats is often dependent on quality, quantity and patterns of river discharge and groundwater-surface water interaction on a local or reach scale. Since groundwater-surface water exchange studies on natural rivers and wetlands with organic soils are scarce, more functional analysis is needed. To this end we combined different field methods including piezometer nests, temperature as tracer and seepage meter measurements. Some of these measurements were used as inputs and/or as validation for the numerical 1-D heat transport model STRIVE. In transient mode the model was used to calculate spatially distributed vertical exchange fluxes from temperature profiles measured at the upper Biebrza River in Poland over a period of nine months. Time series of estimated fluxes and hydraulic head gradients in the hyporheic zone were used to estimate the temporal variability of groundwater-surface water exchange. This paper presents a hierarchical approach for quantifying and interpreting groundwater-surface water interaction in space and time. The results for the upper Biebrza show predominantly upward water fluxes, sections of recharge, however, exist along the reach. The fluxes depend more on hydraulic gradients than on riverbed conductivity. This indicates that the fluvio-plain scale is required for interpreting the exchange fluxes, which are estimated on a local scale. The paper shows that a conceptual framework is necessary for understanding the groundwater-surface water interaction processes, where the exchange fluxes are influenced by local factors like the composition of the riverbed and the position of the measurement on a local scale, and by regional factors like the hydrogeology and topography on a fluvio-plain scale. The hierarchical methodology increases the confidence in the estimated exchange fluxes and improves the process understanding. The accuracy of the measurements and related uncertainties, however, remain challenges for wetland environments. Gaining quantitative information on groundwater-surface water interaction can improve modeling confidence and as a consequence helps to develop effective procedures for management and conservation of valuable groundwater dependent wetlands.

scholarly journals A hierarchical approach on groundwater-surface water interaction in wetlands along the upper Biebrza River, Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 9537-9585 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Anibas ◽  
B. Verbeiren ◽  
K. Buis ◽  
J. Chormański ◽  
L. De Doncker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Abstract. Groundwater-surface water exchange studies on natural rivers and wetlands dominated by organic soils are scarce. We present a hierarchical approach to quantitatively investigate and interpret groundwater-surface water interaction in space and time by applying a combination of different field methods including piezometer nests, temperature and seepage measurements. The numerical 1-D heat transport model of STRIVE is used in transient mode to calculate vertical fluxes from thermal profiles measured along the upper Biebrza River, Poland over a period of nine months. The calculated fluxes show no clear spatial pattern of exchange fluxes unless an interpolation of the point estimates on a reach scale is performed. Significance of differences in net exchange rates versus morphological features are investigated with statistical tests. Time series of temperature and hydraulic head of the hyporheic zone are used to estimate the temporal variability of the groundwater-surface water exchange. Seepage meter measurements and slug tests were used for cross validation of modelled fluxes. Results show a strong heterogeneity of the thermal and physical soil properties along the reach, leading to a classification of these parameters for modelling purposes. The groundwater-surface water exchange shows predominantly upward water fluxes, however alternating sections of recharge exist. The exchange fluxes are significantly different dependent on the position of the river in the valley floor and the river morphology where fluxes are more dependent on hydraulic gradients than on river bed conductivity. Sections of higher fluxes are linked to the vicinity of the morainic plateau surrounding the rivers alluvium and to meanders, indicating that a perspective on the fluvio-plain scale is required for interpreting the estimated exchange fluxes. Since the vertical component of the exchange fluxes cannot explain the magnitude of the change in river discharge, a lateral flow component across the alluvial plain has to be responsible. The hierarchical methodology increases the confidence in the estimated exchange fluxes and improves the process understanding, however the accuracy of the measurements and related uncertainties remain challenges for wetland environments.

scholarly journals Regional-scale identification of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3383-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Guggenmos ◽  
C. J. Daughney ◽  
B. M. Jackson ◽  
U. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Chemical Signature ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Abstract. Identifying areas of interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for effective environmental management, because this interaction is known to influence water quantity and quality. This paper applies hydrochemistry and multivariate statistics to identify locations and mechanisms of groundwater-surface water interaction in the pastorally dominated Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted using site-specific median values of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and electrical conductivity from 22 surface water sites and 246 groundwater sites. Surface water and groundwater monitoring sites were grouped together in three of the seven clusters identified by HCA, with the inference made that similarities in hydrochemistry indicate groundwater-surface water interaction. PCA indicated that the clusters were largely differentiated by total dissolved solids concentration, redox condition and ratio of major ions. Shallow aerobic groundwaters, located in close proximity to losing reaches of rivers, were grouped with similar Ca-HCO3 type surface waters, indicating potential recharge to aquifers from these river systems. Groundwaters that displayed a rainfall-recharged chemical signature with higher Na relative to Ca, higher Cl relative to HCO3 and an accumulation of NO3 were grouped with neighbouring surface waters, suggesting the provision of groundwater base flow to these river systems and the transfer of this chemical signature from underlying aquifers. The hydrochemical techniques used in this study did not reveal groundwater-surface water interaction in some parts of the study area, specifically where deep anoxic groundwaters, high in total dissolved solids with a distinct Na-Cl signature, showed no apparent link to surface water. The drivers of hydrochemistry inferred from HCA and PCA are consistent with previous measurements of 18O, water age and excess air. Overall, this study has shown that multivariate statistics can be used as a rapid method to identify groundwater-surface water interaction at a regional scale using existing hydrochemical datasets.

scholarly journals Regional-scale identification of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical methods, Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6443-6487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Guggenmos ◽  
C. J. Daughney ◽  
B. M. Jackson ◽  
U. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Chemical Signature ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction

Abstract. Identifying areas of interaction between groundwater and surface water is crucial for effective environmental management, because this interaction is known to influence water quantity and quality. This paper applies hydrochemistry and multivariate statistics to identify locations and mechanisms of groundwater-surface water interaction in the pastorally dominated Wairarapa Valley, New Zealand. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were conducted using site-specific median values of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and electrical conductivity from 22 surface water sites and 246 groundwater sites. Surface water and groundwater monitoring sites were grouped together in three of the seven clusters identified by HCA, with the inference made that similarities in hydrochemistry indicate groundwater-surface water interaction. PCA indicated that the clusters were largely differentiated by total dissolved solids concentration, redox potential and ratio of major ions. Shallow aerobic groundwaters, located in close proximity to losing reaches of rivers, were grouped with similar Ca-HCO3 type surface waters, indicating potential recharge to aquifers from these river systems. Groundwaters that displayed a rainfall-recharged chemical signature with higher Na relative to Ca, higher Cl relative to HCO3 and an accumulation of NO3 were grouped with neighbouring surface waters, suggesting the provision of groundwater base flow to these river systems and the transfer of this chemical signature from underlying aquifers. The hydrochemical techniques used in this study did not reveal groundwater-surface water interaction in some parts of the study area, specifically where deep anoxic groundwaters, high in total dissolved solids with a distinct Na-Cl signature, showed no apparent link to surface water. The drivers of hydrochemistry inferred from HCA and PCA are consistent with previous measurements of 18O, water age and excess air. Overall, this study has shown that multivariate statistics can be used as a rapid method to identify groundwater-surface water interaction at a regional scale using existing hydrochemical datasets.

USING GEOCHEMICAL METHODS TO TRACE GROUNDWATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronson McQueen ◽  
◽  
Elizabeth A. Avery ◽  
Junfeng Zhu ◽  
Alan Fryar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Surface Water Interaction
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