scholarly journals Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with Salvinia biloba: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Emiliani ◽  
Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce ◽  
C. Daniela Bergara ◽  
Lucas M. Salvatierra ◽  
Luís A. B. Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Floating Leaves ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Cost

The occurrence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater is unanimously considered a major concern since these pollutants cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and therefore have long residence times. Phytoremediation is one of the most widespread biotechnological applications worldwide, which consists in the use of plants to adsorb or accumulate a broad range of inorganic and organic contaminants from water, air, and soil. To improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of phytoremediation-based wastewater treatment systems, it is essential to use plants that are not only efficient in pollutants removal, but also abundant and easily accessible at the target site, requiring no-special culture conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the capacity of naturally-occurring aquatic macrophytes of the genus Salvinia (classified as Salvinia biloba) to phytoremediate water artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), or zinc (Zn) at equal molar concentrations (50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM), during 48 h. Additionally, photosynthetic and antioxidant pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), and soluble carbohydrate content was also measured in floating leaves of Salvinia specimens to appraise heavy metals phytotoxicity. Elemental analyses to plant tissue indicate that S. biloba was able to bioconcentrate all four metals analyzed, albeit with different degrees of affinity. In addition, the mechanisms of uptake and detoxification were dissimilar for each ion, resulting in greater removal of Cu and Pb (≥96%, at both concentrations), in comparison to Cd (79 ± 4% and 56 ± 2% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively) and Zn (77 ± 5% and 70 ± 4% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively). Accordingly, the assessment of the selected physiological parameters in floating leaves suggests that different response mechanisms are triggered by each metal in S. biloba to counteract the corresponding toxicological stress.

scholarly journals A review: Water pollution by heavy metal and organic pollutants: Brief review of sources, effects and progress on remediation with aquatic plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiuku Beniah Obinna ◽  
*Enyoh Christian Ebere
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Practical Applications

Heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Over the past 5 decades, many strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted water. Strategies involving aquatic plant use are preferable to conventional methods. In this study, an attempt was made to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for water resources with the following objectives: (1) to discuss the toxicity of toxic chemicals pollution in water to plant, animals and human health (2) to summarise the physicochemical factors affecting  removal of toxic chemicals such as heavy metals and organic contaminants in aqueous solutions by aquatic plants; (3) to summarise and compare the removal rates of heavy metals and organic contaminants in aqueous solutions by diverse aquatic plants; and (4) to summaries chemometric models for testing aquatic plant performance.

Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua O. Ighalo ◽  
Lois T. Arowoyele ◽  
Samuel Ogunniyi ◽  
Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽  
Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan from Dairy and Plant-Based Processing Coproducts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Thomas P. West
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Microbial Polysaccharide ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Condensed Distillers Solubles

This review examines the production of the microbial polysaccharide gellan, synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources have been tested to determine whether they can support bacterial gellan production, with several studies attempting to optimize gellan production by varying the culture conditions. The genetics of the biosynthesis of gellan has been explored in a number of investigations and specific genes have been identified that encode the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of this polysaccharide. Genetic mutants exhibiting overproduction of gellan have also been identified and characterized. Several dairy and plant-based processing coproducts have been screened to learn whether they can support the production of gellan in an attempt to lower the cost of synthesizing the microbial polysaccharide. Of the processing coproducts explored, soluble starch as a carbon source supported the highest gellan production by S. elodea grown at 30 °C. The corn processing coproducts corn steep liquor or condensed distillers solubles appear to be effective nitrogen sources for gellan production. It was concluded that further research on producing gellan using a combination of processing coproducts could be an effective solution in lowering its overall production costs.

Impact of metals bioleaching on the nutrient value of biological nutrient removal biosolids

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Pushpa Ginige
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Nutrient Value

The biosolids industry in Australia is evolving around the beneficial use of biosolids as a resource. Phosphorus rich biosolids from biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities are highly desirable for land application. However, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals and industrial organic contaminants may render the biosolids unsuitable for land application. The presence of toxic heavy metals has been identified by Local Authorities in Australia as a major constraint limiting the beneficial use of biosolids. The potential of off-site contamination due to the migration of nutrients is also a major concern especially when applying biosolids to acidic agricultural land. Accordingly, the relevant environment protection and conservation agencies are involved in either developing or finalising guidelines to control the beneficial use of biosolids products. Metals bioleaching is a process achieved through bio-acidification. Bio-acidification of biosolids prior to land application can be used to dissolve and remove a significant fraction of the heavy metals content of the product. However, the process also reduces the nutrients content of the resource. Bio-acidification of Loganholme (Queensland) BNR biosolids dissolved 76% of the total phosphorus and 38% of the TKN. The heavy metals solubilisation results reached 50% for Cr, 79% for Ni, 45% for Zn, 24% for Cu, 30% for Cd, and 82% for Pb.

scholarly journals Improvement of Spatial Modeling of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Ni in Soil Based on Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) and Geostatistics: A Case Study in East China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia ◽  
Hu ◽  
Shao ◽  
Xu ◽  
Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals ◽  
Metals Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution

To verify the feasibility of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) for rapidly analyzing, assessing and improving soil heavy metals mapping, 351 samples were collected from Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, in eastern China. Ordinary kriging (OK) and co-ordinary kriging (COK) combined with PXRF measurements were used to explore spatial patterns of heavy metals content in the soil. The Getis-Ord index was calculated to discern hot spots of heavy metals. Finally, multi-variable indicator kriging was conducted to obtain a map of multi-heavy metals pollution. The results indicated Cd is the primary pollution element in Fuyang, followed by As and Pb. Application of PXRF measurements as covariates in COK improved model accuracy, especially for Pb and Cd. Heavy metals pollution hot spots were mainly detected in northern Fuyang and plains along the Fuchun River in southern Fuyang because of mining, industrial and traffic activities, and irrigation with polluted water. Area with high risk of multi-heavy metals pollution mainly distributed in plain along the Fuchun River and the eastern Fuyang. These findings certified the feasibility of using PXRF as an efficient and reliable method for soil heavy metals pollution assessment and mapping, which could contribute to reduce the cost of surveys and pollution remediation.

scholarly journals A New Ex Vivo Model to Evaluate the Hair Protective Effect of a Biomimetic Exopolysaccharide against Water Pollution

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Claire Tubia ◽  
Alfonso Fernández-Botello ◽  
Jan Dupont ◽  
Eni Gómez ◽  
Jérôme Desroches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
The Impact

As an external appendage, hair is exposed to multiple stresses of different origins such as particles and gases in air, or heavy metals and chemicals in water. So far, little research has addressed the impact of water pollution on hair. The present study describes a new ex vivo model that allowed us to document the adverse effects of water pollutants on the structure of hair proteins, as well as the protective potential of active cosmetic ingredients derived from a biomimetic exopolysaccharide (EPS). The impact of water pollution was evaluated on hair from a Caucasian donor repeatedly immersed in heavy metal-containing water. Heavy metal retention in and on hair was then quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP/MS). The adverse effects of heavy metals on the internal structure of hair and its prevention by the EPS were assessed through measurement of keratin birefringence. Notably, the method allows the monitoring of the organization of keratin fibers and therefore the initial change on it in order to modulate the global damage in the hair. Results revealed an increasing amount of lead, cadmium and copper, following multiple exposures to polluted water. In parallel, the structure of keratin was also altered with exposures. However, heavy metal-induced keratin fiber damage could be prevented in the presence of the tested EPS, avoiding more drastic hair problems, such as lack of shine, or decrease in strength, due to damage accumulation.

scholarly journals Induction of Micronuclei, Base-pair Substitution Mutation and Excision-repair Deficient by Polluted Water from Asa River in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Anifowoshe T Abass ◽  
Oladipo S Olayinka ◽  
Adebayo O Mutolib ◽  
Eboh O Solomon ◽  
Abdussalam A Rasheedat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Base Pair Substitution ◽  
Peripheral Erythrocyte ◽  
Substitution Mutation

AbstractAsa river is a major river designated to supply millions of people of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria potable water for drinking but its managements is of grave concern due to anthropogenic activities. Thus, evaluation of genotoxicity of this river was carried out by subjecting the water samples and fish therein to three bioassays (Micronucleus (MN) assay, Ames test and SOS-chromo test). Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analysed at three different stations (Aliara (SI), Unity (SII) and Tuyil (SIII)) of the river. In SII, most of the heavy metals analysed were above the acceptable limits compare to SI and SIII. The peripheral erythrocyte of the fishes (Oreochromis niloticus, Synodontis batensoda, Synodontis eupterus, Clarias gariepinus and Clarias angullaris) at SI and SII stations showed a significant (p<0.05) induction of MN and different nuclear abnormalities (NA). Water samples from the three stations subjected to Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA100) and SOS chromotests (Escherichia coli PQ37) at 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations showed statistically significant (p<0.05) induction of DNA damage at all concentrations in the two tester strains, thus indicating base-pair substitution mutation and excision-repairdeficient, respectively, by the water samples. Therefore, drinking of this water and/or consumption of fish from this river should be taken with caution to avoid a carcinogenic risk.

scholarly journals Performance of composite mineral adsorbents for removing Cu, Cd, and Pb ions from polluted water

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Ri Lim ◽  
Sung Wook Kim ◽  
Chang-Han Lee ◽  
Eun-Kyeong Choi ◽  
Myoung Hak Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Kinetic Experiment ◽  
Pb Ions ◽  
Mineral Adsorbents

Abstract This study evaluated the efficiency of the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water via adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiments on two composite mineral adsorbents, CMA1 and CMA2. The developed CMA1 (zeolite with clinoptilolite of over 20 weight percent and feldspar of ~10 percent, with Portland cement) and CMA2 (zeolite with feldspar of over 15 weight percent and ~9 percent clinoptilolite, with Portland cement) were applied to remove Cu, Cd, and Pb ions. Based on the adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiments, the adsorbents CMA1 and CMA2 exhibited high removal efficiency for Cu, Cd, and Pb ions in solution compared to other adsorbents. In the adsorption kinetic experiment, CMA2 demonstrated better adsorption than CMA1 with the same initial concentration and reaction time, and Cu, Cd, and Pb ions almost reached equilibrium within 180 min for both CMA1 and CMA2. The results of the adsorption kinetic experiments with pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models indicated that the PSO model was more suitable than the PFO model. Comparing the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, the former showed a very slightly higher correlation coefficient (r2) than the latter, indicating that the two models can both be applied to heavy metal solutions on a spherical monolayer surface with a weak heterogeneity of the surface. Additionally, the adsorbents CMA1 and CMA2 demonstrated different removal abilities depending on which heavy metals were used.

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