scholarly journals Multipurpose Use of Artificial Channel Networks for Flood Risk Reduction: The Case of the Waterway Padova–Venice (Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Alvise Mel ◽  
Daniele Pietro Viero ◽  
Luca Carniello ◽  
Luigi D’Alpaos
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
And Control

Many rivers are increasingly threatened by extreme floods, and effective strategies for flood risk mitigation are difficult to pursue, especially in highly urbanized areas. A flexible and multipurpose use of the complex networks of artificial channels that typically cross these regions can play a role in flood risk mitigation. A relevant example concerns the possible completion of a waterway from Padova to the Venice Lagoon, in North-Eastern Italy. Once completed, the waterway can boost shipping (which is considerably more climate and environment friendly than road transport), can lead to a urban re-composition of the territory and, serving as a diversion canal for the Brenta River, can reduce hydraulic hazard as well. The goal of the present work was to assess this last point. To this purpose, the 2DEF hydrodynamic model was used to reproduce the complex Brenta–Bacchiglione river network. This network includes river reaches, diversion canals, bed sills, pump stations, and control structures that assures the proper operation of the system in case of flood events. The mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian, semi-implicit formulation of the model provided accurate and computationally efficient results for subcritical regimes. The model results showed that the waterway can divert a significant part of the Brenta floodwaters toward the Venice Lagoon, thus reducing flood hazard in the Brenta River downstream of Padova. The benefits also extend to the Bacchiglione River, whose floodwaters can be diverted into the Brenta River through an existing flood canal; indeed, the waterway withdrawal produces a drawdown profile in the Brenta River that allows diverting larger flow rates from the Bacchiglione River as well. Finally, by conveying the sediment-laden floodwaters of the Brenta River within the Venice Lagoon, the waterway could contribute to counteract the generalized erosion affecting the lagoon.

Do hazard maps mirror loss data? – A vulnerability assessment based on loss data and hazard maps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Mertin ◽  
Mattia Brughelli ◽  
Andreas Zischg ◽  
Veronika Röthlisberger ◽  
Matthias Schlögl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Flood Loss ◽  
Loss Data ◽  
First Results

<p>Implementing effective flood risk strategies is an essential task for policy-makers which will gain in importance as flood losses are expected to increase due to socio-economic and climatic drivers in near future. Flood risk mitigation incorporates structural and non-structural measures such as the declaration of flood hazard zones, both of which are associated with high financial expenses. Essential information to ensure maximum effectiveness and cost efficiency of flood protection measures is provided by quantitative flood loss analyses based, for example, on data from insurance claims.</p><p>This project aims to model the expected flood damage, thus the vulnerability to buildings by examining country-wide, empirical flood loss data of Switzerland of the past 35 years. The developed method includes several steps: First, the loss data are statistically analysed, second the spatial distribution of the loss data in the different hazard zones is assessed and third, vulnerability models for each hazard zone are developed including further parameters such as building values or building zones. A further objective is to provide an overview of possible methods which differ in complexity and data requirement and can be adapted for other applications outside of Switzerland. First results show that the extent of loss increases as the degree of hazard rises. In contrast, however, the number of damage events is highest in flood zones with a lower degree of hazard. Further possibilities how risk adaptation strategies can be supported or complemented by flood loss data are presented within this project.</p>

scholarly journals Towards dynamics in flood risk assessment

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3571-3587 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mazzorana ◽  
L. Levaggi ◽  
M. Keiler ◽  
S. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Flood Impacts

Abstract. As a consequence of flood impacts, communities inhabiting mountain areas are increasingly affected by considerable damage to infrastructure and property. The design of effective flood risk mitigation strategies and their subsequent implementation is crucial for a sustainable development in mountain areas. The assessment of the dynamic evolution of flood risk is the pillar of any subsequent planning process that is targeted at a reduction of the expected adverse consequences of the hazard impact. Given these premises, firstly, a comprehensive method to derive flood hazard process scenarios for well-defined areas at risk is presented. Secondly, conceptualisations of a static and dynamic flood risk assessment are provided. These are based on formal schemes to compute the risk mitigation performance of devised mitigation strategies within the framework of economic cost-benefit analysis. In this context, techniques suitable to quantify the expected losses induced by the identified flood impacts are provided.

scholarly journals Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. C. Nkwunonwo ◽  
M. Whitworth ◽  
B. Baily
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Flood

Abstract. Urban flooding has been and will continue to be a significant problem for many cities across the developed and developing world. Crucial to the amelioration of the effects of these floods is the need to formulate a sound flood management policy, which is driven by knowledge of the frequency and magnitude of impacts of these floods. Within the area of flood research, attempts are being made to gain a better understanding of the causes, impacts, and pattern of urban flooding. According to the United Nations office for disaster reduction (UNISDR), flood risk is conceptualized on the basis of three integral components which are frequently adopted during flood damage estimation. These components are: probability of flood hazard, the level of exposure, and vulnerabilities of elements at risk. Reducing the severity of each of these components is the objective of flood risk management under the UNISDR guideline and idea of “living with floods”. On the basis of this framework, the present research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968–2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, amongst other things, a lack of reliable data, a lack of awareness amongst the population affected, and a lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. It is the aim of this research to assess the current understanding of flood risk and management in Lagos and to offer recommendations towards future guidance.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions on Pluvial Flood Hazard Mitigation: The Case Study of the City of Eindhoven (The Netherlands)

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sandra Costa ◽  
Rik Peters ◽  
Ricardo Martins ◽  
Luuk Postmes ◽  
Jan Jacob Keizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Storm Intensity ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
The City

Urbanization leads to changes in the surface cover that alter the hydrological cycle of cities, particularly by increasing the impervious area and, thereby, reducing the interception, storage and infiltration capacity of rainwater. Nature-based solutions (NBS) can contribute to flood risk mitigation in urbanized areas by restoring hydrological functions. However, the effects of NBS on flood risk mitigation are complex and can differ substantially with the type of the NBS. Therefore, the effectiveness of NBS at the urban catchment scale is still subject to much debate, especially at the scale of urban catchments. In this study, the effects of different NBS on urban flood mitigation were evaluated for the city of Eindhoven in The Netherlands, as it has a history of urban flood events. To this end, various NBS scenarios were defined by municipal stakeholders and their impacts modelled with the numerical model Infoworks ICM. This was done for design storms with short, medium and long return periods (5, 10 and 100 years). Overall, the simulated NBS were effective in flood risk mitigation, reducing the flooded area as well as flood depth. The effectiveness of the individual NBS scenarios, however, depended strongly on the location and extension of the NBS, as well as on storm intensity. The effectiveness tended to increase with the increase in NBS surface area, while it tended to decrease with increasing storm intensity and, hence, return period. The NBS solution increasing street water storage was revealed to be more effective than those involving green car parks and green roofs. This study showed that numerical flooding models can be useful tools to assess the effects of NBS to reduce flood extent, water depth and/or velocity, providing insights that can support city planners to design and compare alternative strategies and plans for urban flood risk mitigation.

scholarly journals A review of modelling methodologies for flood source area (FSA) identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrie Singh ◽  
David Dawson ◽  
Mark Trigg ◽  
Nigel Wright
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
Flood Source ◽  
Modelling Approaches

AbstractFlooding is an important global hazard that causes an average annual loss of over 40 billion USD and affects a population of over 250 million globally. The complex process of flooding depends on spatial and temporal factors such as weather patterns, topography, and geomorphology. In urban environments where the landscape is ever-changing, spatial factors such as ground cover, green spaces, and drainage systems have a significant impact. Understanding source areas that have a major impact on flooding is, therefore, crucial for strategic flood risk management (FRM). Although flood source area (FSA) identification is not a new concept, its application is only recently being applied in flood modelling research. Continuous improvements in the technology and methodology related to flood models have enabled this research to move beyond traditional methods, such that, in recent years, modelling projects have looked beyond affected areas and recognised the need to address flooding at its source, to study its influence on overall flood risk. These modelling approaches are emerging in the field of FRM and propose innovative methodologies for flood risk mitigation and design implementation; however, they are relatively under-examined. In this paper, we present a review of the modelling approaches currently used to identify FSAs, i.e. unit flood response (UFR) and adaptation-driven approaches (ADA). We highlight their potential for use in adaptive decision making and outline the key challenges for the adoption of such approaches in FRM practises.

Assessment of renaturation measures for improvements in ecosystem services and flood risk mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 112743
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Strazzera ◽  
Rossella Atzori ◽  
Daniela Meleddu ◽  
Vania Statzu
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation

scholarly journals A Case Study of Flood Risk Evaluation Based on Emergy Theory and Cloud Model in Anyang Region, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Zening Wu ◽  
Yuhai Cui ◽  
Yuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Emergy Theory

With the progression of climate change, the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall have increased in many parts of the world, while the continuous acceleration of urbanization has made cities more vulnerable to floods. In order to effectively estimate and assess the risks brought by flood disasters, this paper proposes a regional flood disaster risk assessment model combining emergy theory and the cloud model. The emergy theory can measure many kinds of hazardous factor and convert them into unified solar emergy (sej) for quantification. The cloud model can transform the uncertainty in flood risk assessment into certainty in an appropriate way, making the urban flood risk assessment more accurate and effective. In this study, the flood risk assessment model combines the advantages of the two research methods to establish a natural and social dual flood risk assessment system. Based on this, the risk assessment system of the flood hazard cloud model is established. This model was used in a flood disaster risk assessment, and the risk level was divided into five levels: very low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk. Flood hazard risk results were obtained by using the entropy weight method and fuzzy transformation method. As an example for the application of this model, this paper focuses on the Anyang region which has a typical continental monsoon climate. The results show that the Anyang region has a serious flood disaster threat. Within this region, Linzhou County and Anyang County have very high levels of risk for flood disaster, while Hua County, Neihuang County, Wenfeng District and Beiguan District have high levels of risk for flood disaster. These areas are the core urban areas and the economic center of local administrative regions, with 70% of the industrial clusters being situated in these regions. Only with the coordinated development of regional flood control planning, economy, and population, and reductions in the uncertainty of existing flood control and drainage facilities can the sustainable, healthy and stable development of the region be maintained.

scholarly journals Coastal flood risk within a peri-urban area: SUSSEX Inlet district, SE Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Asbridge ◽  
D. Low Choy ◽  
B. Mackey ◽  
S. Serrao-Neumann ◽  
P. Taygfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Natural Resource Managers

AbstractThe peri-urban interface (PUI) exhibits characteristic qualities of both urban and rural regions, and this complexity has meant that risk assessments and long-term planning for PUI are lagging, despite these areas representing new developing settlement frontiers. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by modifying an existing approach to quantify and assess flood risk. The risk triangle framework was used to map exposure, vulnerability and biophysical variables; however, in a novel application, the risk triangle framework was adapted by presuming that there is a variation in the degree of exposure, vulnerability and biophysical variables. Within Australia and globally, PUIs are often coastal, and flood risk associated with rainfall and coastal inundation poses considerable risk to communities in the PUI; these risks will be further exacerbated should projections of increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events and accelerating sea-level rise eventuate. An indicator-based approach using the risk triangle framework that maps flood hazard, exposure and vulnerability was used to integrate the biophysical and socio-economic flooding risk for communities in PUI of the St Georges Basin and Sussex Inlet catchments of south-eastern Australia. Integrating the flood risk triangle with future scenarios of demographic and climate change, and considering factors that contribute to PUI flood risk, facilitated the identification of planning strategies that would reduce the future rate of increase in flood risk. These planning strategies are useful for natural resource managers and land use planners across Australia and globally, who are tasked with balancing socio-economic prosperity for a changing population, whilst maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services and values. The indicator-based approach used in this study provides a cost-effective first-pass risk assessment and is a valuable tool for decision makers planning for flood risk across PUIs in NSW and globally.

Ground Adaptability Characterization for Digging in Complex Geotechnical Conditions and Risk Mitigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1431-1434
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Yu ◽  
Xuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Methods Of Control

Characterization of geotechnical digging and control the dynamical settlement is very necessary to mitigate construction risk. The metro tunnels of being constructed access to each other or near to the ground is high risk and physically difficult and costly. The control method becomes imperative. Some cases of digging prediction of ground movements and assessment of risk of damage to above or adjacent constructions have become an important issue especially in urban projec. Ground adaptability characterization is the key of control the tunneling in complex geotechnical conditions both in rock and soft stratum. High and changed water-soil pressure also is risk factors to effect tunneling process. Beside discussion of risk mitigation associate to tunnel construction, the developing settlement control and simulations are given to describe the methods of control risk.

Pairwise Elicitation for a Decision Support Framework to Develop a Flood Risk Response Plan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MiguelAndres Guerra ◽  
Yekenalem Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Risk Response ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
Decision Making Framework

There are several ways of quantifying flood hazard. When the scale of the analysis is large, flood hazard simulation for an entire city becomes costly and complicated. The first part of this paper proposes utilizing experience and knowledge of local experts about flood characteristics in the area in order to come up with a first-level flood hazard and risk zoning maps, by implementing overlay operations in Arc GIS. In this step, the authors use the concept of pairwise comparison to eliminate the need for carrying out a complicated simulation to quantify flood hazard and risk. The process begins with identifying the main factors that contribute to flooding in a particular area. Pairwise comparison was used to elicit knowledge from local experts and assigned weights for each factor to reflect their relative importance toward flood hazard and risk. In the second part of this paper, the authors present a decision-making framework to support a flood risk response plan. Once the highest risk zones have been identified, a city can develop a risk response plan, for which this paper presents a decision-making framework to select an effective set of alternatives. The framework integrates tools from multicriteria decision-making, charrette design process to guide the pairwise elicitation, and a cost-effective analysis to include the limited budget constraint for any city. The theoretical framework uses the city of Addis Ababa for the first part of the paper. For the second part, the paper utilizes a hypothetical case of Addis Ababa and a mock city infrastructure department to illustrate the implementation of the framework.

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