scholarly journals Impacts of Hydrological Processes on Stream Temperature in a Cold Region Watershed Based on the SWAT Equilibrium Temperature Model

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Xinzhong Du ◽  
Greg Goss ◽  
Monireh Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Global Parameter ◽  
Lapse Rates

Variance in stream temperature from historical norms, which reflects the impacts from both hydrological and meteorological factors, is a significant indicator of the stream ecosystem health. Therefore, it is imperative to study the hydrological processes controlling stream temperature in the watershed. The impacts of hydrological processes on stream temperature in the cold region of Western Canada were investigated based on the previously developed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) equilibrium temperature model. The model was calibrated and validated for streamflow and stream temperature based on the observations and a global parameter sensitivity analysis conducted to identify the most important hydrological process governing the stream temperature dynamics. The precipitation and air temperature lapse rates were found to be the most sensitive parameters controlling the stream temperature, followed by the parameters regulating the processes of soil water dynamics, surface runoff, and channel routing. Our analysis showed an inverse relationship between streamflow volume and stream temperature, and different runoff components have different impacts on temporal regimes of stream temperatures. This study elaborates on the response of the stream temperature to changes in hydrological processes at the watershed scale and indicates that hydrological processes should be taken into account for prediction of stream temperatures.

scholarly journals Incorporation of the equilibrium temperature approach in a Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydroclimatological stream temperature model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhong Du ◽  
Narayan Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Darren L. Ficklin ◽  
Junye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Stream temperature is an important indicator for biodiversity and sustainability in aquatic ecosystems. The stream temperature model currently in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) only considers the impact of air temperature on stream temperature, while the hydroclimatological stream temperature model developed within SWAT model considers hydrology and the impact of air temperature in simulating the water-air heat transfer process. In this study we propose using the equilibrium temperature approach to model complex heat transfer processes at the water-air interface, which reflects the influences of air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and stream water depth on the heat transfer process. The thermal capacity of the streamflow is modelled by the variation of the stream water depth. An advantage of this equilibrium temperature model is the simple parameterization, with only two added parameters to model the heat transfer processes. The equilibrium temperature model is applied and tested in the Athabasca River Basin (ARB) in Alberta, Canada. The model is calibrated and validated at five stations throughout different parts of the ARB for which high-frequency observed stream temperature data are available. The results indicate that the equilibrium temperature model provided better and more consistent performances for the different regions of the ARB with the values of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (> 0.67) greater than those of the original SWAT model and the hydroclimatological model. Overall, the equilibrium temperature model uses existing SWAT meteorological data as input, can be calibrated using fewer parameters and less effort, and has an overall better performance for the simulation of daily stream temperatures. Thus, it can be used as an effective tool for predicting the change in stream temperature regimes under varying hydrological and meteorological conditions. In addition, the impact of the stream temperature simulations on chemical reaction rates and concentrations was tested. The results indicate that the improved performance of the stream temperature simulation could significantly affect chemical reaction rates and the simulated concentrations and the equilibrium temperature model could be a potential tool to model stream temperature for water quality simulations.

scholarly journals Incorporation of the equilibrium temperature approach in a Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydroclimatological stream temperature model

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2343-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhong Du ◽  
Narayan Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Darren L. Ficklin ◽  
Junye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Stream temperature is an important indicator for biodiversity and sustainability in aquatic ecosystems. The stream temperature model currently in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) only considers the impact of air temperature on stream temperature, while the hydroclimatological stream temperature model developed within the SWAT model considers hydrology and the impact of air temperature in simulating the water–air heat transfer process. In this study, we modified the hydroclimatological model by including the equilibrium temperature approach to model heat transfer processes at the water–air interface, which reflects the influences of air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and streamflow conditions on the heat transfer process. The thermal capacity of the streamflow is modeled by the variation of the stream water depth. An advantage of this equilibrium temperature model is the simple parameterization, with only two parameters added to model the heat transfer processes. The equilibrium temperature model proposed in this study is applied and tested in the Athabasca River basin (ARB) in Alberta, Canada. The model is calibrated and validated at five stations throughout different parts of the ARB, where close to monthly samplings of stream temperatures are available. The results indicate that the equilibrium temperature model proposed in this study provided better and more consistent performances for the different regions of the ARB with the values of the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) greater than those of the original SWAT model and the hydroclimatological model. To test the model performance for different hydrological and environmental conditions, the equilibrium temperature model was also applied to the North Fork Tolt River Watershed in Washington, United States. The results indicate a reasonable simulation of stream temperature using the model proposed in this study, with minimum relative error values compared to the other two models. However, the NSE values were lower than those of the hydroclimatological model, indicating that more model verification needs to be done. The equilibrium temperature model uses existing SWAT meteorological data as input, can be calibrated using fewer parameters and less effort and has an overall better performance in stream temperature simulation. Thus, it can be used as an effective tool for predicting the changes in stream temperature regimes under varying hydrological and meteorological conditions. In addition, the impact of the stream temperature simulations on chemical reaction rates and concentrations was tested. The results indicate that the improved performance of the stream temperature simulation could significantly affect chemical reaction rates and the simulated concentrations, and the equilibrium temperature model could be a potential tool to model stream temperature in water quality simulations.

Optimization of linear stream temperature model parameters in the soil and water assessment tool for the continental United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Giles ◽  
Meghna Babbar-Sebens ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
Darren L. Ficklin ◽  
Bradley Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals SESTET: A spatially explicit stream temperature model based on equilibrium temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Carraro ◽  
Marco Toffolon ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo ◽  
Enrico Bertuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Model Based

scholarly journals Hydrological process simulation in Manas River Basin using CMADS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 946-957
Author(s):  
Xinchen Gu ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Xinlin He ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Simulation Efficiency ◽  
Manas River Basin

AbstractThe inability to conduct hydrological simulations in areas that lack historical meteorological data is an important factor limiting the development of watershed models, understanding of watershed water resources, and ultimate development of effective sustainability policies. This study focuses on the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a high-altitude area with no meteorological stations and is located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, northern China. The hydrological processes were simulated using the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Simulated runoff was corrected using calibration/uncertainty and sensitivity program for the SWAT. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, parameter calibration, and verification, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), adjusted R-square ({R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}), and percentage bias (\text{PBIAS}) were selected for evaluation. The results were compared with statistics obtained from Kenswat Hydrological Station, where the monthly runoff simulation efficiency was \text{NSE}\hspace{.25em}=0.64, {R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}\hspace{.25em}=0.69, and \text{PBIAS}\hspace{.25em}=\mbox{--}0.9, and the daily runoff simulation efficiency was \text{NSE}\hspace{.25em}=0.75, {R}_{\text{adj}}^{2} = 0.75, \text{PBIAS} = −1.5. These results indicate that by employing CMADS data, hydrological processes within the MRB can be adequately simulated. This finding is significant, as CMADS provide continuous temporal, detailed, and high-spatial-resolution meteorological data that can be used to build a hydrological model with adequate accuracy in areas that lack historical meteorological data.

scholarly journals Modeling Landscape Change Effects on Stream Temperature Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoon Mustafa ◽  
Brad Barnhart ◽  
Meghna Babbar-Sebens ◽  
Darren Ficklin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Radiative Heat Exchange ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

Stream temperature is one of the most important factors for regulating fish behavior and habitat. Therefore, models that seek to characterize stream temperatures, and predict their changes due to landscape and climatic changes, are extremely important. In this study, we extend a mechanistic stream temperature model within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) by explicitly incorporating radiative flux components to more realistically account for radiative heat exchange. The extended stream temperature model is particularly useful for simulating the impacts of landscape and land use change on stream temperatures using SWAT. The extended model is tested for the Marys River, a western tributary of the Willamette River in Oregon. The results are compared with observed stream temperatures, as well as previous model estimates (without radiative components), for different spatial locations within the Marys River watershed. The results show that the radiative stream temperature model is able to simulate increased stream temperatures in agricultural sub-basins compared with forested sub-basins, reflecting observed data. However, the effect is overestimated, and more noise is generated in the radiative model due to the inclusion of highly variable radiative forcing components. The model works at a daily time step, and further research should investigate modeling at hourly timesteps to further improve the temporal resolution of the model. In addition, other watersheds should be tested to improve and validate the model in different climates, landscapes, and land use regimes.

scholarly journals Assessment of TMPA 3B42V7 and PERSIANN-CDR in Driving Hydrological Modeling in a Semi-Humid Watershed in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zhuohang Xin ◽  
Huicheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Estimation

Recent developments of satellite precipitation products provide an unprecedented opportunity for better precipitation estimation, and thus broaden hydrological application. However, due to the errors and uncertainties of satellite products, a thorough validation is usually required before putting into the real hydrological application. As such, this study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation on the performances of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7 and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), as well as their adequacies in simulating hydrological processes in a semi-humid region in the northeastern China. It was found that TMPA 3B42V7 showed a superior performance at the daily and monthly time scales, and had a favorable capture of the rainfall-intensity distribution. Intra-annual comparisons indicated a better representation of TMPA 3B42V7 from January to September, whereas PERSIANN-CDR was more reliable from October to December. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) driven by gauge precipitation data performed excellently with NSE > 0.9, while the performances of TMPA 3B42V7- and PERSIANN-CDR-based models are satisfactory with NSE > 0.5. The performances varied under different flow levels and hydrological years. Water balance analysis indicated a better performance of TMPA 3B42V7 in simulating the hydrological processes, including evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge and total runoff. The runoff compositions (i.e., base flow, subsurface flow, and surface flow) driven by TMPA 3B42V7 were more accordant with the actual hydrological features. This study will not only help recognize the potential satellite precipitation products for local water resources management, but also be a reference for the poor-gauged regions with similar hydrologic and climatic conditions around the world, especially the northeastern China and western Russia.

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