scholarly journals A Comment on Chinese Policies to Avoid Negative Impacts on River Ecosystems by Hydropower Projects

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Wu ◽  
Ang Chen ◽  
Xingnan Zhang ◽  
Michael E. McClain
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

The rapid economic development of river basins depends on the excessive use of water resources. China experienced a rapid development of hydropower projects in the last two decades and thus faces many ecological and environmental issues, especially in ecologically sensitive areas. Environmental flow is an important management tool that requires attention in the environmental impact assessment of hydropower projects. Environmental flows are of great significance for maintaining river structures and protecting the health of both aquatic ecosystems and human sustainable livelihoods. Although the government authorities have done much work in this area and attempted to consider technical requirements to address the negative externalities of hydropower projects, there are still defects in the basic procedures, calculation methods, and ultimately implementation process from policy to operationalization in terms of environmental flows. The official standards for environmental flows assessment mainly appear in two documents: 1. specification for calculation of environmental flow in rivers and lakes; and 2. code for calculation ecological flow of hydropower projects. This paper reviewed the overarching framework of the two documents and then summarized their fitness in terms of environmental flows implementation in hydropower projects. The research status of environmental flows and future directions for China were also proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals Policy Regulation of Tourism Development with Integrated Agriculture in Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Dalem Ariyudha ◽  
Simon Nahak ◽  
Ni Made Jaya Senastri
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Integrated Agriculture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts

Balinese agriculture as a culture that becomes Balinese cultural tourism identity should still receive protection in line with the rapid development of tourism. However, in reality, the rapid and uncontrolled development of tourism is accused of having a big impact on the conversion of agricultural land in Bali. The disharmony that occurs can be used as a sign that the existing regulations have not been able to complete and integrate tourism and agricultural development. In this case, tourism development is not accompanied by legislation to protect agricultural land. This study aims to examine the legal arrangements related to tourism development with integrated agriculture in Bali and to examine the efforts that the government can take to integrate tourism development with agriculture in Bali. Empirical legal research is the type of this study. In addition, the approach used in this study is legislation approach, legal concept analysis approach and facts approach. The results of this study revealed that 1) the existing regulations relating to tourism development and agricultural development in Bali have provided an opportunity for integration between tourism development and agriculture in Bali, however, the regulations have not been optimal in preventing and reducing the negative impacts of rapid and uncontrolled tourism development. 2) In the perspective of ius constituendum, Bali tourism development must continue to provide protection for living cultural values, one of which is agriculture because basically Bali tourism development is based on Balinese culture which is imbued with the values of Tri Hita Karana and Sad Kerthi.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental policy in Jordan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-162
Author(s):  
Adel Yacoub Shamaileh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of the environmental policy in Jordan. The article reviews laws, measures, instruments and the implementation process and evaluates their effectiveness in banning, removing and/or reducing negative externalities in Jordan. Data was collected by administration of questionnaires distributed to all key enforcement officials working in the Ministries of Environment, Agriculture, and Health. Additional sources were laws, regulations, official documents and reports issued by the government, international organizations, NGOs and media. The study shows that Jordan’s environmental policy relies solely on the command and control approach to mitigate negative externalities, while completely overlooking price-based and rights -based instruments. Such instruments are widely and increasingly employed in developed countries and have proved their efficiency and effectiveness in protecting the environment. The results of the study reveal that command and control measures are insufficient to achieve effective environmental policy and consequently are incapable of internalizing negative externalities in Jordan. The results may motivate government regulators to endorse price-based and rights-based measures, in addition to command and control measures.

scholarly journals Environmental Flows Assessments in the face of uncertainty: supporting the adaptive management of environmental flows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avril Horne ◽  
J Webb ◽  
Meghan Mussehl ◽  
Andrew John ◽  
Libby Rumpff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Face

Adaptive management has become the preferred approach for managing environmental flows globally, and successful implementation recognizes multiple dimensions of variability and complexity in socio-ecological systems. This paper outlines an environmental flow assessment methodology that explicitly addresses the uncertainty and change inherent in adaptively managing multiple values for management of environmental flows. While non-stationarity and uncertainty are well recognised in the climate literature, these have not been addressed within the structure of environmental flows methodologies. Here, we present an environmental flow assessment that is structured to explicitly consider future change and uncertainty in climate and socio-ecological values, by examining scenarios using ecological models. The environmental flow assessment methodology further supports adaptive management through the intentional integration of participatory approaches and the inclusion of diverse stakeholders. We present a case study to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, highlighting how this methodology facilitates adaptive management. Rethinking our approach to environmental flows assessments is an important step in ensuring that environmental flows continue to work effectively as a management tool under climate change.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0: AND THE IMPACT ON HUMAN RESOURCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Nova Jayanti Harahap ◽  
Mulya Rafika
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia began to face the Industrial 4.0 era, where all systems began to be connected digitally. This condition is inseparable from the rapid development of industrial scientific knowledge. Through a literature study, this paper aims to look at the data quality approach regarding how the emergence of Industry 4.0 is related to the development of industrial engineering science, what challenges are faced and how the government should direct the development of industry 4.0. The results of this study indicate that in its development, the 4.0 industrial revolution had an influence on human resources to evolve to the emergence of the idea of Industry 4.0. The idea brought the concept of combining digital technology and the internet with conventional industry which ultimately aims to increase productivity, efficiency and reduce the number of unemployed significantly. However, aside from that, some of the consequences faced are related to the negative impacts of Industry 4.0 in which impacts on human resources. This is where various challenges arise for the government. There are many roles that the government can play to face the challenges of the emergence of Industry 4.0. The main role is to focus on equipping human resources by expanding employment and also providing opportunities to be able to open entrepreneurship in various business places such as, in individual business centers and in the vicinity of franchise businesses.

EFFECT OF DIGITAL COMMUNITY TOWARDS DEMOCRACY PROCESS: DIGITAL PARTISIPATION ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alih Aji Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Digital Community ◽  
The Government

The world is entering a new phase of the digital era, including Indonesia. The unification of the real world and cyberspace is a sign, where the conditions of both can influence each other (Hyung Jun, 2018). The patterns of behavior and public relations in the virtual universe gave rise to new social interactions called the Digital Society. One part of Global Megatrends has also influenced public policy in Indonesia in recent years. Critical mass previously carried out conventionally is now a virtual movement. War of hashtags, petitions, and digital community comments are new tools and strategies for influencing policy. This paper attempts to analyze the extent of digital society's influence on public policy in Indonesia. As well as what public policy models are needed. Methodology used in this analysis is qualitative descriptive. Data collection through literature studies by critical mass digital recognition in Indonesia and trying to find a relationship between political participation through social media and democracy. By processing the pro and contra views regarding the selection of social media as a level of participation, this paper finds that there are overlapping interests that have the potential to distort the articulation of freedom of opinion and participation. - which is characteristic of a democratic state. The result is the rapid development of digital society which greatly influences the public policy process. Digital society imagines being able to participate formally in influencing policy in Indonesia. The democracy that developed in the digital society is cyberdemocracy. Public space in the digital world must be guaranteed security and its impact on the policies that will be determined. The recommendation given to the government is that a cyber data analyst is needed to oversee the issues that are developing in the digital world. Regulations related to the security of digital public spaces must be maximized. The government maximizes cooperation with related stakeholders.Keywords: Digital Society; Democracy; Public policy; Political Participation

E-Government : an exploratory study of online government procurement

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Maniam Kaliannan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Government Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Level

The quest to improve the government service delivery is becoming an important agenda for most governments. The introduction oflCT in the public sector especially E-Government initiatives opens up a new chapter in the government administration throughout the world. Governments have deployed ICT to serve their citizens in an efficient and effective manner. This paper presents an empirical investigation of Malaysian government's e-Procurement initiative (locally known as e-Perolehan). The aim of the paper is to examine factors that influence the current and future use of the system within the supplier community. These factors are grouped in three perspectives, (i) organizational perspective; (ii) technological perspective; and (Hi) environmental perspective. The general consensus amongst both the buyer and seller communities is that e-procurement will become an important management tool to enhance the performance of supply chain especially in the public sector. However, before this occurs, the findings suggest that several issues must be addressed by the relevant authorities in light of the three perspectives as mentioned above, to improve the procurement process at the federal government level.

scholarly journals Mapping the Sharing Economy in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6333
Author(s):  
Chan Liu ◽  
Raymond K. H. Chan ◽  
Maofu Wang ◽  
Zhe Yang
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Government ◽  
Idle Capacity

Harnessing the rapid development of mobile internet technology, the sharing economy has experienced unprecedented growth in the global economy, especially in China. Likely due to its increasing popularity, more and more businesses have adopted this label in China. There is a concern as to the essential meaning of the sharing economy. As it is difficult to have a universally accepted definition, we aim to map the sharing economy and demystify the use of it in China in this paper. We propose seven organizing essential elements of the sharing economy: access use rights instead of ownership, idle capacity, short term, peer-to-peer, Internet platforms mediated, for monetary profit, and shared value orientation. By satisfying all or only parts of these elements, we propose one typology of sharing economy, and to differentiate bona fide sharing economy from quasi- and pseudo-sharing economy. Finally, there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently in the real sharing economy from the perspective of the government, companies and individuals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of China’s Circular Agriculture Performance and Analysis of the Driving Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Yunting Feng ◽  
Xiqiang Xia ◽  
Mengjie Feng
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Evaluation Indicator ◽  
Evaluation Indicator System ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Along with industry upgrading and urbanization, the agricultural industry in China has been experiencing a stage of rapid development, on the bright side. On the other side, ecological environment deterioration and resource scarcity have become prevalent. Called by the current situation, circular agriculture arises as a direction for the industry to achieve sustainable development. This study develops an evaluation indicator system for circular agriculture using an entropy method, and evaluates factors that could drive the Chinese agricultural industry to achieve better performance. We employ the method using provincial data collected from the province of Henan, in which around 10% of the total grain in China is produced. It was found that agricultural technology and water resources per capita are positively related to circular performance in agriculture. In contrast, urbanization and arable land per capita are negatively related to circular performance. This article provides support to the government in policy-making related to the improvement of circular agricultural performance.

scholarly journals Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5858
Author(s):  
Kyumin Kim ◽  
Do-Hoon Kim ◽  
Yeonghye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Bioeconomic Model ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Levels

Recent studies demonstrate that fisheries are massive contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average Korean fishing vessel is old, fuel-inefficient, and creates a large volume of emissions. Yet, there is little research on how to address the GHG emissions in Korean fisheries. This study estimated the change in GHG emissions and emission costs at different levels of fishing operations using a steady-state bioeconomic model based on the case of the Anchovy Tow Net Fishery (ATNF) and the Large Purse Seine Fishery (LPSF). We conclude that reducing the fishing efforts of the ATNF and LPSF by 37% and 8% respectively would not only eliminate negative externalities on the anchovy and mackerel stock respectively, but also mitigate emissions and emission costs in the fishing industry. To limit emissions, we propose that the Korean government reduce fishing efforts through a vessel-buyback program and set an annual catch limit. Alternatively, the government should provide loans for modernizing old fishing vessels or a subsidy for installing emission abatement equipment to reduce the excessive emissions from Korean fisheries.

scholarly journals Decision-making process for introduction of maternal vaccines in Kenya, 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Otieno ◽  
Fauzia A. Malik ◽  
Stacy W. Nganga ◽  
Winnie N. Wairimu ◽  
Dominic O. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Maternal Immunization ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Maternal immunization is a key strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in mothers and their newborns. Recent developments in the science and safety of maternal vaccinations have made possible development of new maternal vaccines ready for introduction in low- and middle-income countries. Decisions at the policy level remain the entry point for maternal immunization programs. We describe the policy and decision-making process in Kenya for the introduction of new vaccines, with particular emphasis on maternal vaccines, and identify opportunities to improve vaccine policy formulation and implementation process. Methods We conducted 29 formal interviews with government officials and policy makers, including high-level officials at the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group, and Ministry of Health officials at national and county levels. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed the qualitative data using NVivo 11.0 software. Results All key informants understood the vaccine policy formulation and implementation processes, although national officials appeared more informed compared to county officials. County officials reported feeling left out of policy development. The recent health system decentralization had both positive and negative impacts on the policy process; however, the negative impacts outweighed the positive impacts. Other factors outside vaccine policy environment such as rumours, sociocultural practices, and anti-vaccine campaigns influenced the policy development and implementation process. Conclusions Public policy development process is complex and multifaceted by its nature. As Kenya prepares for introduction of other maternal vaccines, it is important that the identified policy gaps and challenges are addressed.

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