scholarly journals Effects of Rainfall Spatial Distribution on the Relationship between Rainfall Spatiotemporal Resolution and Runoff Prediction Accuracy

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Changhwan Kim ◽  
Dae-Hong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Spatial Moment ◽  
Runoff Prediction ◽  
Rainfall Spatial Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

We studied how rainfall spatial distribution affects the relationship between rainfall spatiotemporal resolution and runoff prediction accuracy under real field conditions. We gathered radar rainfall and discharge data for three rainfall events. These rainfall-runoff events were then reproduced using a kinematic wave model. Modeling accuracy was estimated quantitatively using the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient and peak discharge ratio. Normalized root-mean-square error ( nRMSE ), skewness ( S k ), and second scaled spatial moment of catchment rainfall ( δ 2 ) were employed to quantify rainfall spatial distribution characteristics. By relating the accuracy of modeling results to the rainfall spatial characteristics using various rainfall spatiotemporal resolutions, we found that the modeling results converged to a value as the nRMSE , | S k | and | 1 − δ 2 | decreased. That is, rainfall spatial distributions affect the relationship between lower limit of rainfall spatiotemporal resolution for runoff models and runoff prediction accuracy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Predicting The Spatial Distributions of Target Contaminants of a Coking Plant Based On Their Related Pollutants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengwei Qiao ◽  
Donglin Lai ◽  
Sucai Yang ◽  
Qianyun Zhao ◽  
Hengqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Coking Plant ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The prediction accuracy of the spatial distribution of soil pollutants at a site is relatively low. Related pollutants can be used as auxiliary variables to improve the prediction accuracy. However, little relevant research has been conducted on site soil pollution. To analyze the prediction accuracy of target pollutants combined with auxiliary pollutants, Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene were selected as the target pollutants for this study. Based on geostatistical analysis and spatial analysis, the following results were obtained. (1) The reduction rate of the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene with multivariable cokriging were 68.4%, 81.6%, and 81.2%, respectively, which are proportional to the correlation coefficient of the relationship between the auxiliary pollutants and the target pollutants. (2) The predicted results for Cu, phenanthrene, and toluene and their corresponding related pollutants are more accurate than the results obtained not using the related pollutants. (3) In the interpolation process, the RMSEs for Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene with multivariable cokriging basically increase as the neighborhood sample data increases, and then they become stable. (4) When 84, 61, and 34 sample points were removed, the RMSEs for Cu, toluene, and phenanthrene, respectively with multivariable cokriging were close to the RMSEs of the target pollutants based on the total samples. The results are of great significance to improving the prediction accuracy of the spatial distribution of soil pollutants at coking plant sites.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Correspondence Between Land Use Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Rail Transit Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongqi Wang ◽  
Qi Han ◽  
Bauke de Vries ◽  
Li Dai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe identification of the relationship between land use and transport lays the foundation for integrated land use and transport planning and management. This work aims to investigate how rail transit is linked to land use. The research on the relationship between land use and rail-based transport is dominated by the impacts of rail projects on land use, without an in-depth understanding of the reverse. However, it is important to note that issues of operation management rather than new constructions deserve greater attention for regions with established rail networks. Given that there is a correspondence between land use patterns and spatial distribution of heavy railway transit (HRT) services at such regions, the study area (i.e., the Netherlands) is partitioned by the Voronoi diagram of HRT stations and the causal relationship between land use and HRT services is examined by structural equation modeling (SEM). The case study of Helmond (a Dutch city) shows the potential of the SEM model for discussing the rail station selection problem in a multiple transit station region (MTSR). Furthermore, in this study, the node place model is adapted with the derivatives of the SEM model (i.e., the latent variable scores for rail service levels and land use characteristics), which are assigned as node and place indexes respectively, to analyze and differentiate the integration of land use and HRT services at the regional level. The answer to whether and how land use affects rail transit services from this study strengthens the scientific basis for rail transit operations management. The SEM model and the modified node place model are complementary to be used as analytical and decision-making tools for rail transit-oriented regional development.

scholarly journals Double parton distributions in the pion from lattice QCD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar S. Bali ◽  
Luca Castagnini ◽  
Markus Diehl ◽  
Jonathan R. Gaunt ◽  
Benjamin Gläßle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Lattice Qcd ◽  
Quark Mass ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Parton Distributions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We perform a lattice study of double parton distributions in the pion, using the relationship between their Mellin moments and pion matrix elements of two local currents. A good statistical signal is obtained for almost all relevant Wick contractions. We investigate correlations in the spatial distribution of two partons in the pion, as well as correlations involving the parton polarisation. The patterns we observe depend significantly on the quark mass. We investigate the assumption that double parton distributions approximately factorise into a convolution of single parton distributions.

scholarly journals Men's health: non-communicable chronic diseases and social vulnerability

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Natália Pacharone Bertolini Bidinotto ◽  
Janete Pessuto Simonetti ◽  
Silvia Cristina Mangini Bocchi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the relationship between absences in scheduled appointments and the number of non-communicable chronic diseases and to investigate the relationship between spatial distribution of these diseases and social vulnerability, using geoprocessing. Method: a quantitative study of sequential mixed approach by analyzing 158 medical records of male users to relate the absences and 1250 medical records for geoprocessing Results: the higher the number of absences in the scheduled medical appointments, the less were the number of non-communicable chronic diseases and the ones listed in the International Classification of Diseases in single men. There were 21 significant geostatistically cases of glucose intolerance in the urban area. Of these, 62% lived in a region with a social vulnerability rating of Very Low, Medium 19%, 14% Low and 5% High. Conclusion: it was observed that the older the men, the greater is the number of chronic diseases and the less they miss scheduled appointments. Regarding the use of geoprocessing, we obtained a significant number of cases of glucose intolerance in urban areas, the majority classified as Very Low social vulnerability. It was possible to relate the spatial distribution of these diseases with the social vulnerability classification; however, it was not possible to perceive a relationship of them with the higher rates of social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of sunflower cultivars and the relationship between growth features

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Pavinato ◽  
Leandro Homrich Lorentz ◽  
Renice Paula Zielinski ◽  
Rosana Refatti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Cloud Cover and Outgoing Longwave Radiation in the Southern of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Bui Thi Hop ◽  
Tran Dinh Linh ◽  
Vu Thanh Hang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Outgoing Longwave Radiation ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Based on the data that has the resolution is 1,00×1,00of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and the cloud cover from NCEP/NCAR in the 1981 – 2012 period, the relationship between the cloud cover and the OLR in the Southern of Vietnam wasinvestigated when analyze and compare the spatial distribution, temporal evolution and their correlation. The results show that the characteristics of the spatial distribution and the year cycle of cloud cover and OLR are inversely correlated. The region or time that the cloud cover is great, the OLR is small and vice versa. In the Southern of Vietnam, the OLR value isgreatest(or smallest) in the dry (or rainy) season and in the El-Nino (La-Nina) years. In addition, during the 1981-2012period, the OLR in this region shows a downward trend about 3.6 W/m2/decade, while the cloud cover tends to increase by 0.2%/decade. Keywords: Cloud cover, Outgoing Longwave Radiation, the Southern of Vietnam.

scholarly journals Correlation of environmental factors and spatial distribution of moluscs communities in mangrove reboisation areas of Seribu Islands, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrial Syahrial ◽  
Eryc Pranata ◽  
Hendri Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mangrove Reforestation

Mangrove reforestation is often carried out in various regions or regions, but information about the relationship of environmental factors and the distribution of fauna associations is still very minimal. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) study on the correlation of environmental factors and the spatial distribution of the molusks community in the Seribu Islands mangrove reforestation area was conducted in March 2014 with the aim of analyzing environmental factors for the diversity and presence of the molusks. Environmental factors are measured insecurely, while the moluccan community is collected by making line transects and plots measuring 10 x 10 m2 and in the size of 10 x 10 m2, a small plot of 1 x 1 m2 is made. The results of the study show that environmental factors are not so different between stations and do not exceed the quality standard for the lives of 4 species of mollusks, where the parameters of aquatic pH are the environmental factors that most influence their distribution.Keywords: environmental factors, distribution, mollusks community, mangrove reforestation, Seribu Islands

scholarly journals Units of chromosome replication and packing

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
A.M. Mullinger ◽  
R.T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fusion between mitotic and S-phase cells induces the formation of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) in the interphase partner. Viewed in the light microscope, S-phase PCC derived from the Indian muntjac appear to be fragmented and heterogeneous. In scanning electron micrographs prepared by an osmium impregnation technique, which avoids the need to sputter-coat the specimen, the S-phase fragments derived from an individual cell are resolved into about 1000 fibre aggregates, together with more dispersed fibres. Aggregates are roughly spherical and vary in diameter between about 0.25 and 1.6 micron. The spatial distribution of the aggregates shows some order: chains of single aggregates and, less commonly, duplicated chains occur. Regions of the PCC where the fibres are more dispersed are considered to be likely candidates for sites of replication at the time of fusion. The relationship between the condensed aggregate structure of the S-phase PCC and replication clusters is discussed, and also the assembly of aggregates to form metaphase chromosomes.

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