scholarly journals Calculation of Multiple Critical Depths in Open Channels Using an Adaptive Cubic Polynomials Algorithm

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Petikas ◽  
Evangelos Keramaris ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Compound Channel ◽  
Local Minima ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Cubic Polynomials ◽  
The Given

A method for the calculation of multiple critical depths in compound and natural channels, using an adaptive cubic polynomials algorithm (ACPA), is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on the approximation of the specific energy with multiple cubic polynomials. The roots of these polynomials’ derivatives are determined to calculate all local minima and maxima. These extremities yield the critical depths. Furthermore, the Froude number can be calculated at any elevation by applying a simple formula after calculating the derivative of the corresponding polynomial, which contains the given elevation. The algorithm developed was tested on various compound and natural channels. Its results were then compared with the results provided by the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – River Analysis System) computer program, proving that in some cases ACPA results were more accurate than those of HEC-RAS. This has to do with the fact that HEC-RAS algorithm determines a single critical depth and is better fitted to simple prismatic channels. On the other hand, the ACPA algorithm is able to calculate all critical depths of a natural or compound channel, providing thus more accurate results.

The acquisition of Hungarian recursive PPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Ágnes Langó-Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Functional Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Head ◽  
Experiment Subject ◽  
The Given

Abstract In this study an experiment is presented on how Hungarian children interpret two word orders of recursive PPs (subject-PP-verb and PP-subject-verb order). According to the research of Roeper (2011) and Hollebrandse and Roeper (2014), children tend to give conjunctive interpretation to multiple embedded sentences at the beginning of language acquisition. This interpretation later turns into an adult-like, recursive interpretation. Our aim is to discover (i) whether Hungarian children start with conjunction as well, and whether (ii) the apparently more salient functional head lévő appearing in Hungarian recursive PPs can help them to acquire the correct, recursive interpretation early. We also want to find out whether (iii) the word orders in recursive PPs have an influence on the acquisition of children. In this paper two experiments are presented conducted with 6 and 8-year-olds and adults, in which the participants were asked to choose between two pictures. One of the pictures depicted recursive and the other one depicted conjunctive interpretation of the given sentence. In the first experiment subject-PP-verb order was tested, but in the second one sentences were tested with PP-subject-verb order. We will claim that lévő, which is (arguably) a more salient Hungarian functional element than -i, does not help children to acquire the embedded reading of recursive sentences, because both of them are overt functional heads. However, the two types of word orders affect the acquisition of recursive PPs. PP-subject-verb order is easier to compute because the order of the elements in the sentences and the order of the elements in the pictures matches.

Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
F. Yamaguchi ◽  
Y. Suwa ◽  
Y. Urushigawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

Giving and Promising

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Lacoste ◽  
Oliver O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Present Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Given

Giving and promise must be thought together. Being-in-the world entails being-with the other, who is both “given” and bearer of a gift promised. But any disclosure may be understood as a gift; it is not anthropomorphic to speak of “self-giving” with a wider reference than person-to-person disclosure. Which implies that no act of giving can exhaust itself in its gift. Present experience never brings closure to self-revealing. Yet giving is crystallized into “the given,” the closure of gift. “The given” is what it is, needing no gift-event to reveal it. But the given, too, is precarious, and can be destabilized when giving brings us face to face with something unfamiliar. Nothing appears without a promise of further appearances, and God himself can never be “given.”

Development of Advanced CNC Interpolation Algorithm With Consideration of Command and Dynamic Errors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Shiun Tsai ◽  
Ying-Che Huang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Contour Error ◽  
Interpolation Algorithm ◽  
Interpolation Scheme ◽  
Error Equation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cnc Interpolation ◽  
Dynamic Errors ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Given

In this paper, an integrated acceleration/deceleration with dynamics interpolation scheme is proposed to confine the maximum contour error at the junction of linear junction. The dynamic contour error equation is derived analytically and then it is utilized for the interpolation design. Based on the derived formulations which could predict the command and dynamic errors, the advanced interpolation design could adjust the connecting velocity of the two blocks to confine the overall contour errors under the given tolerance. Simulation results validate the proposed algorithm can achieve higher accurate trajectory as compared to the other interpolation algorithm proposed in the past.

AKADEMSKI VOKABULAR: DA LI SU STUDENTI (U)OPŠTE OBRAZOVANI? O POTREBI ZA UKLjUČIVANjEM AKADEMSKOG VOKABULARA U KURIKULUME ZA SRPSKI JEZIK U SREDNjOJ ŠKOLI I NA UNIVERZITETU

Lipar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (73) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Jovana Milovanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Language ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic Vocabulary ◽  
High School Curriculum ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Entrance Exams ◽  
University Level ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Given

This article discusses reception and production of academic vocabulary among native speakers of Serbian language. Academic vocabulary is one of the key elements of academic language competence, and a modest lexicon and underdeveloped academic language competence can cause problems in both comprehension and production. In this research, we used a vocabulary test consisting of 12 items taken from general culture entrance exams used at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. The participants are BA students of French language at the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, years 1-4. The participants were instructed to provide a synonym or a definition for each item, as well as a sentence containing the given word. The aim of this research is to highlight issues in comprehension of academic vocabulary and establish the influence of factors such as word etymology or university level on the success of the participants. We analysed the results and classified them in three categories: correct, incorrect and unanswered. The majority of participants successfully identified just half of the given words (in order of success: poliglota 95,76%, bestseler 92,37%, pacifista 66,10%, suveren 58,47%, prototip 57,63%, elokventan 56,78%). The success level for the other half of the items from the test was below 50% (in order of success: erudita 49,15%, hipokrizija 39,83%, nepotizam 22,03%, skrupulozan 18,64%, šprahfeler 10,17%, eksproprijacija 8,47%). The influence of etymology was analysed through a comparison of the results for six items of French/Latin origin with the results for the other six items which did not originate from Romance languages. This analysis shows that the participants had similar results in both groups of items, with three words from each group having above 50% of correct answers (suveren, elokventan, pacifista; poliglota, bestseler, prototip). Lastly, we examined success levels from year 1, year 2, year 3 and year 4 students and determined that the median of correct answers for each year does vary, but that there is no strong linear progression (median year 1=5, year 2=6, year 3=7, year 4=6). The results indicate a lack of knowledge of academic vocabulary and difficulties in identifying and manipulating this type of lexis. We believe it is necessary to integrate academic language skills, including academic vocabulary, in high school curriculum and introduce Serbian language as a subject at university level.

A Model of Secure Functioning of Computer Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
A. V. Galatenko ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kuzovikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Finite Automaton ◽  
Nonnegative Integer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shannon Function ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Given

We propose an automata model of computer system security. A system is represented by a finite automaton with states partitioned into two subsets: "secure" and "insecure". System functioning is secure if the number of consecutive insecure states is not greater than some nonnegative integer k. This definition allows one to formally reflect responsiveness to security breaches. The number of all input sequences that preserve security for the given value of k is referred to as a k-secure language. We prove that if a language is k-secure for some natural and automaton V, then it is also k-secure for any 0 < k < k and some automaton V = V (k). Reduction of the value of k is performed at the cost of amplification of the number of states. On the other hand, for any non-negative integer k there exists a k-secure language that is not k"-secure for any natural k" > k. The problem of reconstruction of a k-secure language using a conditional experiment is split into two subcases. If the cardinality of an input alphabet is bound by some constant, then the order of Shannon function of experiment complexity is the same for al k; otherwise there emerges a lower bound of the order nk.

Influence of Food and Larval Age on the Defensive Chemistry of Satumia pyri

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Deml
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Defensive Chemistry ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

Abstract Scolus secretions and hemolymph of caterpillars of Satumia pyri fed with two different foodplants (Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa) were chemically analyzed and their chemical similarities determined. The secondary-compound patterns obtained for the two body fluids showed no significant differences when compared between the two groups of alterna­ tively fed last-instar larvae. Thus, the composition of these fluids of full-grown caterpillars is not influenced by the larval diet. However, younger larvae on P. spinosa revealed a diversity of compounds differing significantly from that of larger caterpillars fed with either C. mono­gyna (both body fluids) or P. spinosa (hemolymph only). This indicates that, on the one hand, the hemolymph composition is adapted to the changing physiological requirements of the given instars whereas, on the other hand, the defensive mixtures remain unaltered in the late larval instars due to a constant spectrum of potential enemies.

Multidimensional regular C-fraction with independent variables corresponding to formal multiple power series

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Dmytryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Power Series ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Classical Algorithm ◽  
Multiple Power ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Power Series

AbstractIn the paper the correspondence between a formal multiple power series and a special type of branched continued fractions, the so-called ‘multidimensional regular C-fractions with independent variables’ is analysed providing with an algorithm based upon the classical algorithm and that enables us to compute from the coefficients of the given formal multiple power series, the coefficients of the corresponding multidimensional regular C-fraction with independent variables. A few numerical experiments show, on the one hand, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and, on the other, the power and feasibility of the method in order to numerically approximate certain multivariable functions from their formal multiple power series.

scholarly journals Teachers’ oral presentation from students’ perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
Vera Radovic
Keyword(s):  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
The Given ◽  
Teaching Element

The paper presents the results of a study of the opinion of fourth- and eighth-grade primary school students (N=880) on the characteristics of teachers? oral presentation. The main goal is to take into account students? opinion in the new didactic grounding of the monologue teaching method. This implies appreciation of the proven values of applying the monologue method in teaching and its adaptation to suit the needs of modern teaching, first of all, the needs of students. In this context, we think that the perception of the monologue method from students? perspective is very significant in assessing the limitations and the possibilities of its application incurrent conditions. Students described the characteristics of teachers? oral presentation that they liked best and least and provided suggestions on methods of enhancing the oral presentation of teachers. Students gave the most positive assessments to oral presentations that were clear from the linguistic, logical and the didactic and methodological aspects. On the other hand, the majority of students? negative comments were related to inadequate behavior of some teachers as speakers and to ?incomprehensible oral presentation?. The results show that students gave very clear and specific statements on the positive and negative characteristics of teachers? oral presentation, which, in the given didactic context, can be very indicative for the enhancement of this teaching element both for teachers and the didactic experts.

scholarly journals SUVOKIAMO ATKARPOS ILGIO PRIKLAUSOMYBĖ NUO JOS ATVAIZDO VIETOS AKIES TINKLAINĖJE

Psichologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
A. Dzekevičiūtė ◽  
A. Daugirdienė ◽  
A. Švegžda ◽  
R. Stanikūnas ◽  
H. Vaitkevičius
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Line Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Magnification Factor ◽  
Extremum Point ◽  
Cortical Magnification ◽  
Cortical Magnification Factor ◽  
The Given

Tyrimo tikslas yra patikrinti, kaip keičiasi objekto dydžio suvokimas, kintant jo projekcijos padėčiai akies tinklainėje, ir kaip objekto dydžio suvokimas priklauso nuo akies tinklainės receptorių (kūgelių ir lazdelių) tankio. Tiriamieji, žiūrėdami viena akimi ir fiksuodami žvilgsnį, dalijo skirtingų ilgių atkarpas – nustatydavo suvokiamą vidurį. Atkarpos dalių santykio nuo atkarpos ilgio funkcija turėjo lūžio tašką (66,7 proc. tiriamiesiems, kai atkarpos ilgis 7 laipsniai, 23,33 proc. – 13 laipsnių, kiti neturėjo). Rezultatai aiškinami skirtingu kūgelių ir lazdelių tankiu akies tinklainėje ir skirtinga kūgelių ir lazdelių įtaka.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: dydžio suvokimas, žievinis didinimo veiksnys, fotoreceptorių tankis.Perceived Size of a Line Depending on Its Projection Place on the RetinaDzekevičiūtė A., Daugirdienė A., Švegžda A., Stanikūnas R., Vaitkevičius H. SummaryIt is known that objects located in the centre of the visual field are perceived as larger than the objects located in the periphery (Пиаже, 1978). The image of an object differs from its perception object. The perceived size of an object depends on the size of its image in the visual cortex. This stems from the so-called cortical magnification factor. It is assumed that the same quantity of receptors sends information to the same area of the cortex. But photoreceptors are different – rods and the cones. It is not clear whether the different type of receptors make a different influence on the above-mentioned distortion of mapping. Also, the image of the object on the retina is perceived differently, depending on its location on the retina. Our goal was to explore how this subjective expansion changes while moving away from the centre of the retina, because there are no data on this, phenomenon.Method. Thirty normal or corrected to normal vision adults participated in the study. Five different length lines (5, 7, 10, 13, 15 degrees) were represented on the computer’s monitor one line at a time. Participants had monoculary bisected lines into two subjectively equal parts fixating sight on a cross located at the given end of the line.Results. The ratio ρ (length of the line near the cross / length of the other part) was calculated. This ratio as a function of the length of the whole line was not monotonic: when the line was short, ρ decreased, but then it began to increase. Three groups of results were formed considering the ratio of the line length (where the function had the extremum point). The largest group (66.67%) had the extremum point when the line length was 7 deg. The second group (23.33%) had the extremum point when the line length was 13 deg. The last group (10%) had not clear extremum point and was excluded from the calculation. Changes of the ρ value cannot be explained by the perceptual instability of the length of the line (Brown, 1953). There could be a correlation between the value of ρ and the density of all receptors in the retina where the line was projected.Conclusions. Humans make a bias while monocular by bisecting a line: the part near the point of fixation is perceived as bigger than the other part. The function of the line size ratio changes not monotonically – it has an extremum point. Most often, the extremum point is observed when the line size is 7 deg. This point is near the point where the density of rods exceeds that of cones. Other subjects show the extremum point when line size is 13 deg., but the reasons for such a point shift remain unclear. Some subjects have no extremum point.Key words: size perception, cortical magnification factor, density of photoreceptors.

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