scholarly journals Rethinking the Framework of Smart Water System: A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiada Li ◽  
Xiafei Yang ◽  
Robert Sitzenfrei
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
System A ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Sensor Monitoring

Throughout the past years, governments, industries, and researchers have shown increasing interest in incorporating smart techniques, including sensor monitoring, real-time data transmitting, and real-time controlling into water systems. However, the design and construction of such a smart water system are still not quite standardized for massive applications due to the lack of consensus on the framework. The major challenge impeding wide application of the smart water network is the unavailability of a systematic framework to guide real-world design and deployment. To address this challenge, this review study aims to facilitate more extensive adoption of the smart water system, to increase effectiveness and efficiency in real-world water system contexts. A total of 32 literature pieces including 1 international forum, 17 peer-reviewed papers, 10 reports, and 4 presentations that are directly related to frameworks of smart water system have been reviewed. A new and comprehensive smart water framework, including definition and architecture, was proposed in this review paper. Two conceptual metrics (smartness and cyber wellness) were defined to evaluate the performance of smart water systems. Additionally, three pieces of future research suggestions were discussed, calling for broader collaboration in the community of researchers, engineers, and industrial and governmental sectors to promote smart water system applications.

scholarly journals The Importance of Implementing Cyber Physical Systems to Acquire Real-Time Data and Indicators

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Paula Morella ◽  
María Pilar Lambán ◽  
Jesús Antonio Royo ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Time Data

Among the new trends in technology that have emerged through the Industry 4.0, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) are crucial for the real-time data acquisition. This data acquisition, together with its transformation in valuable information, are indispensable for the development of real-time indicators. Moreover, real-time indicators provide companies with a competitive advantage over the competition since they enhance the calculus and speed up the decision-making and failure detection. Our research highlights the advantages of real-time data acquisition for supply chains, developing indicators that would be impossible to achieve with traditional systems, improving the accuracy of the existing ones and enhancing the real-time decision-making. Moreover, it brings out the importance of integrating technologies 4.0 in industry, in this case, CPS and IoT, and establishes the main points for a future research agenda of this topic.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Testbed Architectures: Requirements and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Babatunde Tobi Ajao ◽  
Brian K. Johnson ◽  
Hangtian Lei ◽  
Yacine Chakhchoukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data

The integration of improved control techniques with advanced information technologies enables the rapid development of smart grids. The necessity of having an efficient, reliable, and flexible communication infrastructure is achieved by enabling real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent and traditional electrical grid elements. The performance and efficiency of the power grid are enhanced with the incorporation of communication networks, intelligent automation, advanced sensors, and information technologies. Although smart grid technologies bring about valuable economic, social, and environmental benefits, testing the combination of heterogeneous and co-existing Cyber-Physical-Smart Grids (CP-SGs) with conventional technologies presents many challenges. The examination for both hardware and software components of the Smart Grid (SG) system is essential prior to the deployment in real-time systems. This can take place by developing a prototype to mimic the real operational circumstances with adequate configurations and precision. Therefore, it is essential to summarize state-of-the-art technologies of industrial control system testbeds and evaluate new technologies and vulnerabilities with the motivation of stimulating discoveries and designs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the advancement of CP-SGs with their corresponding testbeds including diverse testing paradigms has been performed. In particular, we broadly discuss CP-SG testbed architectures along with the associated functions and main vulnerabilities. The testbed requirements, constraints, and applications are also discussed. Finally, the trends and future research directions are highlighted and specified.

scholarly journals Usability in 4D AR: Visualising Multi-temporal Real-time Geo-data in Augmented Reality Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Resch ◽  
Andreas Wichmann ◽  
Nicolas Göll
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Time Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Information Density ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Multi Temporal

Even though advantages of 3D visualisation of multi-temporal geo-data versus 2D approaches have been widely proven, the particular pertaining challenge of real-time visualisation of geo-data in mobile Digital Earth applications has not been thoroughly tackled so far. In the emerging field of Augmented Reality (AR), research needs comprise finding the optimal information density, the interplay between orientation data in the background and other information layers, using the appropriate graphical variables for display, or selecting real-time base data with adequate quality and suitable spatial accuracy. In this paper we present a concept for integrating real-time data into 4D (three spatial dimensions plus time) AR environments, i.e., data with “high” spatial and temporal variations. We focus on three research challenges: 1.) high-performance integration of real-time data into AR; 2.) usability design in terms of displaying spatio-temporal developments and the interaction with the application; and 3.) design considerations regarding reality vs. virtuality, visualisation complexity and information density. We validated our approach in a prototypical application and extracted several limitations and future research areas including natural feature recognition, the cross-connection of (oftentimes monolithic) AR interface developments and well-established cartographic principles, or fostering the understanding of the temporal context in dynamic 4D Augmented Reality environments.

scholarly journals Transformation of the water system of the Education City in Doha into a smart water system

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Abdallah AL-NAEMI ◽  
Isam SHAHROUR
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Education City

This paper presents the transformation of the water system of the Education City in Doha (Qatar) into a smart water system. This city covers an area of 14 km2 and includes 80 buildings. The water system provides drinking, irrigation and fire protection services. It suffers from the use of fragmented management systems and from a lack of real-time monitoring, which result in a deterioration of efficiency of the water system and users’ information The paper describes the water system and then the architecture of the smart water solution and its use for leak detection, water quality control and operation safety.

scholarly journals Construction worker productivity in hot and humid weather conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Ammar Saeed Mohammed Moohialdin ◽  
Fiona Lamari ◽  
Marc Miska ◽  
Bambang Trigunarsyah
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper shows the effect of hot and humid weather conditions (HHWCs) on workers that has resulted in considerable loss in the construction industry, especially during the hottest periods due to decline in worker productivity (WP). Until the last few decades, there is very limited research on construction WP in HHWCs. Nevertheless, these studies have sparked interests on seeking for the most appropriate methods to assess the impact of HHWCs on construction workers. Design/methodology/approach This paper begins by reviewing the current measuring methods on WP in HHWCs, follows by presenting the potential impact of HHWCs on WP. The paper highlights the methodological deficiencies, which consequently provides a platform for scholars and practitioners to direct future research to resolve the significant productivity loss due to global warming. This paper highlights the need to identify the limitations and advantages of the current methods to formulate a framework of new approaches to measure the WP in HHWCs. Findings Results show that the methods used in providing real-time response on the effects of HHWCs on WP in construction at project, task and crew levels are limited. An integration of nonintrusive real-time monitoring system and local weather measurement with real-time data synchronisation and analysis is required to produce suitable information to determine worker health- and safety-related decisions in HHWCs. Originality/value The comprehensive literature review makes an original contribution to WP measurements filed in HHWCs in the construction industry. Results of this review provide researchers and practitioners with an insight into challenges associated with the measurements methods and solving practical site measurements issues. The findings will also enable the researchers and practitioners to bridge the identified research gaps in this research field and enhance the ability to provide accurate measures in HHWCs. The proposed research framework may promote potential improvements in the productivity measurements methods, which support researchers and practitioners in developing new innovative methods in HHWCs with the integration of the most recent monitoring technologies.

Nature of Sub-23-nm Particles Downstream of the European Particle Measurement Programme (PMP)-Compliant System: A Real-Time Data Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongqing Zheng ◽  
Thomas D. Durbin ◽  
Georgios Karavalakis ◽  
Kent C. Johnson ◽  
Ajay Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
System A ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Particle Measurement

scholarly journals The Pathways to Healthy Ageing: Evidence From Longitudinal Studies and Real-Time Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 469-469
Author(s):  
Terry Y S Lum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Real Time Data

Abstract The WHO has replaced its active ageing policy framework developed in 2002 with the new Healthy Ageing framework developed in 2015 and declared the decade between 2020 and 2030 as the Decade of Healthy Ageing. Healthy Ageing framework emphasizes the pivotal role of functional ability (FA) among older adults and conceptualizes that FA can be determined by intrinsic capacity (IC), environments (EN), and their interaction. WHO calls for global research to advance theoretical understanding of Healthy Ageing framework and translate the evidence into policy actions. This symposium provides the latest findings on Healthy Ageing from multi-country studies using real-time data and longitudinal study design. Dr. Röcke explored daily time-out-of-home and place visit diversity with daily emotional and stress processes in Zurich, using sensor-based and self-reported mobility and activity indicators to capture FA. Dr. Lu investigated the EN and 4-year trajectories of IC and their impact on FA trajectories among older adults in Hong Kong. Dr. Liu explored the longitudinal associations between neighborhood physical EN and depressive symptoms of older adults in Hong Kong and the moderating effects of terrain slope and declining daily activity of living. Dr. Guo investigated the relationship between perceived EN (environmental cognition) and mental health and the mediating roles of physical activity and place attachment. Dr. Chan explored neighborhood physical EN and cognition among older people and identified whether this association varies among different older age groups. Based on these findings, this symposium will discuss the future research direction on Healthy Ageing and its policy implication.

scholarly journals Open storm: a complete framework for sensing and control of urban watersheds

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bartos ◽  
Brandon Wong ◽  
Branko Kerkez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Watersheds ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Complete Framework

Leveraging recent advances in technologies surrounding the Internet of Things, “smart” water systems are poised to transform water resources management by enabling ubiquitous real-time sensing and control.

scholarly journals Photoacoustic image-guided interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumithra S Karthikesh ◽  
Xinmai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Current State

Photoacoustic imaging has demonstrated its potential for diagnosis over the last few decades. In recent years, its unique imaging capabilities, such as detecting structural, functional and molecular information in deep regions with optical contrast and ultrasound resolution, have opened up many opportunities for photoacoustic imaging to be used during image-guided interventions. Numerous studies have investigated the capability of photoacoustic imaging to guide various interventions such as drug delivery, therapies, surgeries, and biopsies. These studies have demonstrated that photoacoustic imaging can guide these interventions effectively and non-invasively in real-time. In this minireview, we will elucidate the potential of photoacoustic imaging in guiding active and passive drug deliveries, photothermal therapy, and other surgeries and therapies using endogenous and exogenous contrast agents including organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles, as well as needle-based biopsy procedures. The advantages of photoacoustic imaging in guided interventions will be discussed. It will, therefore, show that photoacoustic imaging has great potential in real-time interventions due to its advantages over current imaging modalities like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Impact statement Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality for use in image-guided interventional procedures. This imaging technology has a unique ability to offer real-time, non-invasive, cost-effective, and radiation-free guidance in a real-world operating environment. This is substantiated in this article which sums up the current state and underlines promising results of research using photoacoustic imaging in guiding drug delivery, therapy, surgery, and biopsy. Hence, this minireview facilitates future research and real-world application of photoacoustic image-guided interventions.

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