scholarly journals Optimizing Substrate Available Water and Coir Amendment Rate in Pine Bark Substrates

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Basiri Jahromi ◽  
Amy Fulcher ◽  
Forbes Walker ◽  
James Altland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchange Parameters ◽  
Plant Gas Exchange

Water resources can be used more efficiently by including sustainable substrate components like coir that increase water-holding capacity. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of coir amendment rate on plant available water and plant gas exchange, with the goal of optimizing substrate available water and determining the optimum coir amendment rate in a greenhouse environment. The second objective was to establish the optimum method of determining plant available water using either plant gas exchange parameters or substrate physical properties. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with Hydrangea paniculata ‘Jane’ (Little Lime® hardy hydrangea) potted with one of five different coir rates (0%, 10%, 25%, 40% and 65%) mixed with pine bark on a volume basis. Plant gas exchange parameters and substrate water content were measured daily over a range of increasingly drier substrate moisture contents. Actual photosynthetic rates increased with increasing coir amendment rate and were highest with 65% coir amendment. Amending pine bark with coir increased the water storage capacity, plant available water, and plant gas exchange parameters. Results suggest that 65% coir amendment rate was the optimum amendment rate among those tested in a greenhouse environment and plant photosynthetic rate was the better method of determining plant available water.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar and Soil Fertilization with New Products Based on Calcinated Bones on Selected Physiological Parameters of Maize Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Matlok ◽  
Małgorzata Szostek ◽  
Piotr Antos ◽  
Grażyna Gajdek ◽  
Józef Gorzelany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchange Parameters

This manuscript presents the effect of foliar and soil fertilizer produced from thermally processed bone waste on the initial growth and development of maize plants. The developed fertilizers were tested in three different doses in a pot experiment. Because nutrient deficiency interferes with plant physiological processes, the impact of the developed fertilizers on gas exchange parameters, relative chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assessed. Based on the conducted research, it was found that fertilization with developed foliar and soil fertilizers increased the relative content of chlorophyll in maize leaves and increased the value of gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence. All determined parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence showed a positive correlation depending on the dose of foliar fertilization used (average value r = 0.8414). In turn, the soil fertilization that was utilized during the experiment significantly correlated only with the content of chlorophyll (r = 0.6965). The tested fertilizers improvement of the physiological parameters of the plants, which indicates the fertilizing efficiency of the tested fertilizers.

scholarly journals A Field Study on the Influence of Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans on Gas Exchange of Potato

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. M. Saeed ◽  
Ann E. MacGuidwin ◽  
Douglas I. Rouse ◽  
Chris Malek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years to study the effects of low populations of Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans on leaf gas exchange of Russet Burbank potato. Treatments were P. penetrans, V. dahliae, the combination of the nematode with the fungus, and a no-pathogen control. Gas exchange was measured nondestructively on young, fully expanded, asymptomatic leaves one to three times per week starting the ninth week after planting. Infection with either pathogen alone had little or no effect on leaf gas exchange parameters. However, co-infection by both pathogens resulted in reduced leaf light use efficiency (mole of CO2 fixed per mole of photon), lower leaf stomatal conductance, lower leaf water use efficiency (mole of CO2 fixed per mole of water used), and increased intercellular CO2 compared with the no-pathogen control. These effects, additive relative to the impact of each pathogen alone, were first observed 9 weeks after inoculation in the first 2 years of the study and 15 weeks after inoculation in the third year.

Influence of Selected Endomycorrhizae from the Sonoran Desert and Glomus intraradices on Growth Response and Gas Exchange of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501d-501
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Egilla ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Six endomycorrhiza isolates from the Sonoran Desert of Mexico [Desert-14(18)1, 15(9)1, 15(15)1, Palo Fierro, Sonoran, and G. geosporum] were evaluated with a pure isolate of Glomus intraradices for their effect on the growth and gas exchange of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Leprechaun under low phosphorus fertility (11 mg P/L). Rooted cuttings of Hibiscus plants were inoculated with the seven mycorrhiza isolates and grown for 122 days. Gas exchange measurements were made on days 26, 88, and 122 after inoculation, and plants were harvested on day 123 for growth analysis. Plants inoculated with the seven isolates had 70% to 80% root colonization at harvest. Plants inoculated with G. intraradices had significantly higher leaf, shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf DM/area (P ≤ 0.05) than those inoculated with any of the six isolates, and greater leaf area (LA) than Desert-15(9)1 and 15(15)1. Uninoculated plants had significantly lower leaf, shoot, root DM, leaf DM/area and LA (P ≤ 0.05) than the inoculated plants. There were no differences among the seven isolates in any of the gas exchange parameters measured [photosynthesis (A) stomatal conductance (gs), the ratio of intercellular to external CO2 (ci/ca), A to transpiration (E) ratio (A/E)]. The relationship between inoculated and uninoculated plants in these gas exchange parameters were variable on day 122 after inoculation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Vegas Riffle ◽  
Nathaniel Palmer ◽  
L. Federico Casassa ◽  
Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length.

scholarly journals Alterations in Gas Exchange and Oxidative Metabolism in Rice Leaves Infected by Pyricularia oryzae are Attenuated by Silicon

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Pereira Domiciano ◽  
Isaías Severino Cacique ◽  
Cecília Chagas Freitas ◽  
Marta Cristina Corsi Filippi ◽  
Fábio Murilo DaMatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Performance ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is the most important disease in rice worldwide. This study investigated the effects of silicon (Si) on the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (net CO2 assimilation rate [A], stomatal conductance to water vapor [gs], internal-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio [Ci/Ca], and transpiration rate [E]); chlorophyll fluorescence a (Chla) parameters (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm], photochemical [qP] and nonphotochemical [NPQ] quenching coefficients, and electron transport rate [ETR]); concentrations of pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and lypoxigenase (LOX) in rice leaves. Rice plants were grown in a nutrient solution containing 0 or 2 mM Si (−Si or +Si, respectively) with and without P. oryzae inoculation. Blast severity decreased with higher foliar Si concentration. The values of A, gs and E were generally higher for the +Si plants in comparison with the −Si plants upon P. oryzae infection. The Fv/Fm, qp, NPQ, and ETR were greater for the +Si plants relative to the −Si plants at 108 and 132 h after inoculation (hai). The values for qp and ETR were significantly higher for the –Si plants in comparison with the +Si plants at 36 hai, and the NPQ was significantly higher for the –Si plants in comparison with the +Si plants at 0 and 36 hai. The concentrations of Chla, Chlb, Chla+b, and carotenoids were significantly greater in the +Si plants relative to the –Si plants. For the –Si plants, the MDA and H2O2 concentrations were significantly higher than those in the +Si plants. The LOX activity was significantly higher in the +Si plants than in the –Si plants. The SOD and GR activities were significantly higher for the –Si plants than in the +Si plants. The CAT and APX activities were significantly higher in the +Si plants than in the –Si plants. The supply of Si contributed to a decrease in blast severity, improved the gas exchange performance, and caused less dysfunction at the photochemical level.

scholarly journals Impact of elevated CO2 and O3 on gas exchange parameters and epidermal characteristics in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (369) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Lawson ◽  
Jim Craigon ◽  
Colin R. Black ◽  
Jeremy J. Colls ◽  
Geoff Landon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Elevated Co2 And O3 ◽  
Exchange Parameters
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