scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of Leakage Reduction Methods in Water Supply Networks

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Suvi Ahopelto ◽  
Riku Vahala
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
Reduction Methods

Reducing water loss from water supply systems is often regarded as one of the most important ways to improve the resource efficiency of water supply services. However, the costs and impacts of water loss reduction efforts need to be weighed against the benefits to define the optimal water loss target level. To this end, we conducted a cost–benefit analysis of three investment-based leakage reduction methods: district metering, pressure reduction, and pipe renovations. Furthermore, we conducted uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to determine the most relevant data for leakage analysis and policymaking on a national level. The results indicate that water loss management might not be directly cost-beneficial to utilities operating with moderate leakage levels. Neither leakage percentage nor the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) were suitable for leakage target setting for the Finnish utilities. The costs of investing in district metering or renovations were the most influential factors in the sensitivity analysis, but the results showed that the estimated values were sufficiently accurate for assessing leakage policies.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis under the DSM Model of Green Lighting

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Yanjiang GONG ◽  
Jiang LI ◽  
Wenshuang YU ◽  
Runbing YANG ◽  
Tiejun ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Cost

Based on the concept of DSM and the requirements of the demonstration project, the DSM model of green lighting was studied, carrying out the cost-benefit analysis. Combining the characteristics of the demonstration area, first of all, the cost-benefit of different interest subjects was analyzed. Secondly, the association rules algorithm was analyzed in detail, and the cost-benefit was analyzed by the association rules algorithm. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the key factors, affecting the cost and benefit of each interest subject, was done by using the algorithm. And it is concluded that the user subsidy rate and consumer electricity price are the key factors that affect the userТs willingness to use green lighting technology and power grid enterprises to implement DSM measures.

Economic cost benefit analysis of climate change adaptation for infrastructure

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Michael Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learnt

This paper explores the lessons learnt from the Optimising Adaptation Investment projects for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency–it includes coastal settlements, water supply and rail infrastructure case studies. These projects are the first of their kind in Australia and are considered internationally as a leading example of economic cost benefit analysis. They have been used effectively to inform decision making on specific adaptation responses to climate change risks to existing and new infrastructure. The lessons learnt will be explored for offshore platforms, ports, rail, road, drainage, tailings dams, mine facilities, water, and power supply, which includes the following elements: What decision makers require to make informed decisions under the uncertainty of climate change impacts. Reducing the uncertainty through economic modelling and cost benefit analysis. Optimising the right timing and scale of various adaptation options. Benefiting from oil and gas infrastructure adaptation opportunities. To further support the elements above, the applied process for integrating climate adaptation into infrastructure planning, design and operation will be illustrated by AECOM project experiences. AECOM has completed more than 60 significant climate change risk and adaptation projects for mines, ports, water supply and treatment, energy generation, transmission and distribution, rail, road, and coastal settlements in Australia, including the report: Climate Change Impacts to Infrastructure in Australia for the Garnaut Climate Change Review.

scholarly journals What cost decisiveness? A cost benefit analysis of the lockdown to contain COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Dutta ◽  
Zakir Husain
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Ball Point

AbstractOn 24th March, 2020 the Government of India announced a national level lockdown to contain the spread of COVID. The lockdown policy has generated considerable controversy, with critics arguing that it was done without adequate notice or planning, exposed vulnerable section of the population to a humanitarian crisis, and failed to contain the spread of COVID. In response, the Government has claimed that lockdown slowed the transmission process of COVID, thereby reducing the number of cases and deaths substantially. The consequent pressure on the health infrastructure was also much less. To judge between competing claims, this study has undertaken the first cost-benefit analysis of the world’s biggest lockdown. Although the data for a proper cost-benefit analysis is currently not available, we have made a ball point estimate of the net benefit of the lockdown under alternative scenarios. Our estimates reveal the net benefits of lockdown to be negative; moreover, the results are robust under all scenarios.

scholarly journals Water supply project feasibilities in fringe areas of Kolkata, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
K. Dutta Roy ◽  
B. Thakur ◽  
T. S. Konar ◽  
S. N. Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Standard Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Water supply management to the peri-urban areas of the developing world is a complex task due to migration, infrastructure and paucity of fund. A cost-benefit methodology particularly suitable for the peri-urban areas has been developed for the city of Kolkata, India. The costs are estimated based on a neural network estimate. The water quality of the area is estimated from samples and a water quality index has been prepared. A questionnaire survey in the area has been conducted for relevant information like income, awareness and willingness to pay for safe drinking water. A factor analysis has been conducted for distinguishing the important factors of the survey and subsequent multiple regressions have been conducted for finding the relationships for the willingness to pay. A system dynamics model has been conducted to estimate the trend of increase of willingness to pay with the urbanizations in the peri-urban areas. A cost benefit analysis with the impact of time value of money has been executed. The risk and uncertainty of the project is investigated by Monte Carlos simulation and tornado diagrams. It has been found that the projects that are normally rejected in standard cost benefit analysis would be accepted if the impacts of urbanizations in the peri-urban areas are considered.

Recycled construction and demolition waste material: a cost–benefit analysis under uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Shiou-Yun Jeng ◽  
Chun-Wei Lin ◽  
Ming K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Content Type

PurposeConstruction and demolition waste (CDW) continuously causes environmental and social problems. These formidable challenges lead to sustainable issues and are an increasingly urgent issue worldwide. Prior studies have neglected to link the triple bottom line (TBL) to a reliable estimation or empirical model for estimating CDW production performance and lack empirical sensitivity analysis in profit maximization. This study proposes an attribute analysis to build a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) to obtain profit maximization.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses fuzzy set theory to develop a cost and benefit analysis (CBA) model to assess the sensitivity analysis in terms of its performance on addressing the environmental, economic and social aspects. The model is used to weigh the sum of benefits such as financial gain and total costs of actions taken to mitigate the negative impacts.FindingsBased on the sensitivity analysis conducted, the environmental, economic and social mean scales were significantly changed, i.e. increased, and profits increased drastically. The results provide an insight into environmental legislation compliance, environmental investment and environmental impact as the cause attributes for the CDW recycling profit increase. The results prove that sensitivity analysis is viable to infer that a sustainable production performance can achieve more revenue and profit through an adequate selection of attributes regarding the TBL aspects to address the firm's uncertainty problem in multiple criteria analysis.Originality/valueThis study builds a CBA model to maximize profits for recycled CDW material by linking of environmental, economic and societal aspects for recycled CDW assessments. It considers a sustainability structure with criteria based on TBL aspects to assess production performance to realize the Sustainable Development Goals and presents fuzzy set theory and sensitivity analysis to solve the uncertainty problem in the construction industry.

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