scholarly journals Serious Sensor Placement—Optimal Sensor Placement as a Serious Game

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Arbesser-Rastburg ◽  
Daniela Fuchs-Hanusch
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Novel Approach

In this paper, we present a novel approach in water loss research combining two different topics: The optimal placement of pressure sensors to localize leaks in water distribution systems and Serious Gaming—games that are not only entertaining but that are also serving another purpose. The goal was to create a web interface, through which gamers could place sensors in a water distribution system model, in order to improve these sensor positions after they had been evaluated by a suitable algorithm. Two game objectives are to be pursued by the players: reaching a specified net coverage while not using more than a maximum number of sensors. For this purpose, an existing optimal sensor placement algorithm was extended and implemented, together with two hydraulic models taken from literature. The resulting Serious Game was then tested and rated in a case study. The results showed that human players are able to reach solutions that are similar regarding net coverage to those obtained by optimization, within in a short amount of time. Furthermore, it was shown that the implementation of the ideal sensor placement problem as a Serious Game motivates the players to get better and better results, while also providing them with an enjoyable gaming experience.

scholarly journals A conceptual index for benchmarking intermittent water supply in a water distribution system zone

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Loubser ◽  
Suzanne Esther Basson ◽  
Heinz Erasmus Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Intermittent Water Supply ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Temporal Measurement

Various challenges, such as limited freshwater resources, climate change impacts, rapid population growth, urbanisation and underinvestment in water supply infrastructure, have led to intermittent water supply (IWS) in potable water distribution systems. Earlier research has confirmed that IWS negatively impacts the consumers, the infrastructure and the water supply authorities.  Water supply authorities need tools to help understand IWS and the associated implications. A new indexing framework involving the causes and impacts associated with IWS is presented in this paper. In addition, a novel approach allows for quantification of the severity of IWS based on knowledge of a few readily available inputs. The severity quantification is based on two ratios: the intermittency ratio is a temporal measurement, accounting for supply duration; the connection ratio describes spatial aspects, using the number of service connections affected. The indexing framework and quantification tool could lead to improved understanding of IWS and could assist water supply authorities faced with IWS to make informed decisions. Improved planning of remedial actions to mitigate or avoid risks associated with IWS is aided. The tools presented in this paper could be used as basis for future development of a key performance indicator.

Optimal Placement of Power Factor Correction Capacitors Using Taguchi Optimization Method

2018 ◽  
pp. 777-812
Author(s):  
Abdelmadjid Recioui
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
Taguchi Optimization ◽  
Taguchi Optimization Method ◽  
Capacitor Placement

This chapter presents two methods to optimize the placement of capacitors in a distribution system and thus correcting power factor and reducing losses and costs. The first method uses ETAP software and its integrated algorithm of optimally placing power factor correction capacitors. The second uses the Taguchi Optimization method to solve the optimal capacitor placement problem in electric distribution systems. To test the efficiency of these methods, they were applied to various examples (different bus systems) and simulation results of the two methods are discussed.

scholarly journals Optimal Sensor Placement and Leak/Burst Localisation in a Water Distribution System Using Spatially-Constrained Inverse-Distance Weighted Interpolation

10.29007/37cp ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Boatwright ◽  
Michele Romano ◽  
Stephen Mounce ◽  
Kevin Woodward ◽  
Joby Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inverse Distance

Water loss from water distribution systems (WDS) is an ongoing problem which poses a significant risk to water resources around the world. This paper presents a novel combined sensor placement – leak/burst localisation methodology which forms, and analyses by using sc inverse-distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, a sensitivity matrix to determine, on average, how accurately each sensor configuration localises leaks/bursts modelled at all nodes in a WDS. For a given number of sensors, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm determines the optimal location of sensors to maximise the leak/burst localisation performance using the sc-IDW outputs in its objective function. Once the optimal sensor location is selected, the sc-IDW technique is used when new leaks/bursts occur in the WDS to determine their approximate location. A benchmark WDS was used to compare the leak/burst localisation performance against a baseline sensor placement technique. The comparison indicated that by using the sc-IDW technique for both the sensor placement and leak/burst localisation steps the leak/burst search area was reduced in size by between 9 and 26%. Reducing the leak/burst search area allows field teams to more quickly repair a leak/burst and reduce the impact that it has on water company operational efficiency and customer service.

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