scholarly journals Pilot Studies and Cost Analysis of Hybrid Powdered Activated Carbon/Ceramic Microfiltration for Controlling Pharmaceutical Compounds and Organic Matter in Water Reclamation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui M. C. Viegas ◽  
Elsa Mesquita ◽  
Margarida Campinas ◽  
Maria João Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Water Reclamation

This paper addresses the enhanced removal of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), a family of contaminants of emerging concern, and effluent organic matter (EfOM) in water reclamation by powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/cMF). Four chemically diverse PhCs are targeted: ibuprofen (IBP), carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and atenolol (ATN). Pilot assays (100 L/(m2 h), 10 mg Fe/L) run with PhC-spiked sand-filtered secondary effluent and 15 mg/L PAC dosed in-line or to a 15-min contactor. They showed no PAC-driven membrane fouling and +15 to +18% added removal with PAC contactor, reaching significant removals of CBZ and ATN (59%–60%), SMX (50%), colour (48%), A254 (35%) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 28%). Earlier long-term demo tests with the same pilot proved PAC/cMF to consistently produce highly clarified (monthly median < 0.1 NTU) and bacteria-free water, regardless of the severe variations in its intake. A detailed cost analysis points to total production costs of 0.21 €/m3 for 50,000 m3/day and 20 years membrane lifespan, mainly associated to equipment/membranes replacement, capital and reagents.

scholarly journals The membrane fouling mechanisms of the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process used to treat the secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Sun ◽  
Ning He ◽  
Xi Duan ◽  
Bingbing Yang ◽  
Cuimin Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Secondary Effluent

Abstract The combined processes of powdered activated carbon/biological powdered activated carbon- ultrafiltration (PAC/BPAC-UF) were used to treat secondary effluent. In this study, the effect of PAC and BPAC on membrane flux, membrane resistance and the removal of different molecular weight organic compounds were investigated. In addition, the structure characteristics of the microorganisms of the BPAC were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum dosage of PAC and BPAC was 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L respectively. The reversible membrane fouling resistance of BPAC-UF was higher than that of PAC-UF, and the two processes had the least irreversible resistance at the best dosage. The biodegradation of BPAC increased the concentration of small molecular weight organic matter up to 10,000 Da in the membrane effluent. So the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal effect of BPAC-UF process worsened. Microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and other microorganisms on the surface of the BPAC enhanced the removal of organic matter in water. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scans showed that there was net mucus membrane on the UF membrane surface before the backwashing of the BPAC-UF process which increased the proportion of reversible pollution resistance. The physical flushing effect of BPAC-UF was better than that of direct UF and PAC-UF processes.

Characterization and Source of Trihalomethane Formation in the Secondary Effluent by Sequencing Batch Reactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Chao Jie Zhang ◽  
Si Bo Li ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
By Products

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) may do harms to human beings. After disinfected by chlorine (amine), DOM can form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which can be mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. Characterization and source of trihalomethane precursors in the secondary effluent by sequencing batch reactors were investigated. CHCl3 was the primary DBPs. The results showed that the precursors of CHCl3 were mainly strongly hydrophobic DOM, while CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 were mainly formed from hydrophilic DOM. The effects of different powder media (activated carbon, zeolite) on removal of DOM were compared. The results showed that the dosing of powder media can promote the removal of DOM and the DBPs precursors.

Comparison of natural organic matter adsorption capacities of super-powdered activated carbon and powdered activated Carbon

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 4127-4136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Ando ◽  
Yoshihiko Matsui ◽  
Ryuji Kurotobi ◽  
Yu Nakano ◽  
Taku Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacities
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