scholarly journals Hypolimnetic Hypoxia Increases the Biomass Variability and Compositional Variability of Crustacean Zooplankton Communities

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Doubek ◽  
Kylie L. Campbell ◽  
Mary E. Lofton ◽  
Ryan P. McClure ◽  
Cayelan C. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Compositional Variability ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Biomass Variability ◽  
Copepod Biomass

In freshwater lakes and reservoirs, climate change and eutrophication are increasing the occurrence of low-dissolved oxygen concentrations (hypoxia), which has the potential to alter the variability of zooplankton seasonal dynamics. We sampled zooplankton and physical, chemical and biological variables (e.g., temperature, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a) in four reservoirs during the summer stratified period for three consecutive years. The hypolimnion (bottom waters) of two reservoirs remained oxic throughout the entire stratified period, whereas the hypolimnion of the other two reservoirs became hypoxic during the stratified period. Biomass variability (measured as the coefficient of the variation of zooplankton biomass) and compositional variability (measured as the community composition of zooplankton) of crustacean zooplankton communities were similar throughout the summer in the oxic reservoirs; however, biomass variability and compositional variability significantly increased after the onset of hypoxia in the two seasonally-hypoxic reservoirs. The increase in biomass variability in the seasonally-hypoxic reservoirs was driven largely by an increase in the variability of copepod biomass, while the increase in compositional variability was driven by increased variability in the dominance (proportion of total crustacean zooplankton biomass) of copepod taxa. Our results suggest that hypoxia may increase the seasonal variability of crustacean zooplankton communities.

Crustacean Zooplankton Communities of Acidic, Metal-Contaminated Lakes Near Sudbury, Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2282-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Yan ◽  
R. Strus
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Total Phytoplankton ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Crustacean zooplankton data for 1973 to 1978 from Clearwater Lake, an acidic, metal-contaminated lake near Sudbury, Ontario, are presented and compared with data from four other contaminated lakes near Sudbury and six uncontaminated lakes in the Muskoka–Haliburton Region of Ontario. Species richness and community biomass were reduced in the contaminated lakes, the latter because of reductions in numbers and average size of community dominants. The greatest reductions were observed in the lake with the highest metal levels, Hannah Lake. Cladocera were much more important contributors to total biomass in the contaminated lakes, forming, for example, 80–96% of the average biomass for the ice-free period in Clearwater Lake. An average of 89% of all adult Crustacea observed in Clearwater Lake were Bosmina longirostris (O. F. Müller). Zooplankton biomass in the contaminated lakes, excluding Hannah Lake, was not significantly correlated with pH, with Cu, Ni, or TP concentrations, or with total phytoplankton biomass. While similarities existed, community structure was different from that of acidic lakes in the La Cloche Mountains that were not contaminated with Cu or Ni. Hypotheses relating to how acidification alters typical phytoplankton–zooplankton interactions were constructed. The scarcity of quantitative data required to test such hypotheses is emphasized.

Cladoceran- and copepod-dominated zooplankton communities graze at similar rates in low-productivity lakes

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Copepod Biomass

Many studies suggest that the taxonomic composition of a zooplankton community should determine its grazing rate and selectivity for different types of particles. It is generally believed that copepod-dominated communities should (i) have lower grazing rates and (ii) consume larger particles than communities dominated by large cladocerans. I tested these hypotheses in situ by comparing zooplankton grazing in 19 communities from low-productivity lakes where the zooplankton ranged from >99% copepod biomass to >90% large cladoceran biomass (Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia spp.). The zooplankton grazed 1-14% of total chlorophyll per day and 0-17% of the chlorophyll in algae <35 µm per day. Grazing rates increased with increasing zooplankton biomass (r2 = 0.34, P < 0.01), but once the effect of zooplankton biomass was accounted for, similar grazing rates were found in copepod- and in cladoceran-dominated communities. The difference in grazing rates on small algae and on the whole phytoplankton assemblage, on the other hand, varied systematically with zooplankton taxonomic composition. Holopedium-dominated communities were most efficient at grazing algae <35 µm, Bosmina-dominated communities had similar grazing rates on algae <35 µm and on the whole phytoplankton assemblage, and copepod-dominated communities had similar or slightly higher grazing rates on the whole phytoplankton assemblage. Qualitative differences in grazing selectivity of different zooplankton taxa are observed in complex natural communities.

The differing crustacean zooplankton communities of Canadian Shield lakes with and without the nonindigenous zooplanktivore Bythotrephes longimanus

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Boudreau ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Harp Lake

The nonindigenous predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus is spreading rapidly among Canadian Shield lakes, but only one case study of its impacts exists. In Harp Lake, the abundances of several cladoceran and one cyclopoid species fell after the invasion, and far fewer species benefited. To determine if Harp Lake provides typical results, we compared the summer crustacean zooplankton communities of 17 invaded and 13 noninvaded (reference) lakes in Ontario. The communities of the two lake groups differed. Average species richness was 30% higher in the reference (15.3 species) vs. the invaded lakes (11.8 species). Total zooplankton biomass was significantly lower in the invaded lakes, mainly because of lower abundances of all common epilimnetic cladoceran species. As these results were quite similar to those of Harp Lake, it is apparent that current summer zooplankton communities of Canadian Shield lakes with Bythotrephes differ substantially from noninvaded lakes.

Changes in the crustacean communities of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie following the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Barbiero ◽  
Marc L Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Predatory Cladoceran ◽  
Leptodora Kindti ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The crustacean zooplankton communities in Lakes Michigan and Huron and the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie have shown substantial, persistent changes since the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes in the mid-1980s. A number of cladoceran species have declined dramatically since the invasion, including Eubosmina coregoni, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia retrocurva, Daphnia pulicaria, and Leptodora kindti, and overall species richness has decreased as a result. Copepods have been relatively unaffected, with the notable exception of Meso cyclops edax, which has virtually disappeared from the lakes. These species shifts have for the most part been consistent and equally pronounced across all three lakes. Responses of crustacean species to the Bythotrephes invasion do not appear to be solely a consequence of size, and it is likely that other factors, e.g., morphology, vertical distribution, or escape responses, are important determinants of vulnerability to predation. Our results indicate that invertebrate predators in general, and invasive ones in particular, can have pronounced, lasting effects on zooplankton community structure.

Dynamics of Cadmium-Stressed Plankton Communities

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Marshall ◽  
D. L. Mellinger
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Zooplankton Density ◽  
Plankton Communities

Structural and functional responses of plankton communities to cadmium stress were studied during 1977 in Lake Michigan using small-volume (8 L) completely sealed enclosures, and in Canada's Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) Lake 223 using large-volume (1.5 × 105 L) open-surface enclosures. In Lake Michigan, reductions of the average abundance of micro-crustaceans by cadmium were significantly greater in "light" or shallow epilimnetic incubations than they were in "dark" or deep epilimnetic incubations. Measurements of dissolved oxygen indicated that this interaction with light (depth) was an indirect effect due to a reduction of photosynthesis and primary production. Zooplankton density and species diversity were not significantly affected within 21 d by cadmium concentrations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Cd/L, respectively, whereas final dissolved oxygen concentration and percentage similarity (PS) of the crustacean zooplankton community were significantly reduced by [Formula: see text] Cd/L. In the ELA Lake 223 experiment, the reducing effect of cadmium on zooplankton density increased up to 31 d after Cd enrichment and then decreased, probably due to decreasing Cd concentrations in the water. Values of PS on day 24 for the ELA enclosures enriched with 1 and 3 μg Cd/L were within the 95% confidence limits for individual values predicted from a regression of PS on cadmium for the 21-d Lake Michigan experiments.Key words: plankton communities, zooplankton, phytoplankton, cadmium stress, Lake Michigan, Canadian Shield lakes

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