scholarly journals A Comparison of Three Types of Permeable Pavements for Urban Runoff Mitigation in the Semi-Arid South Texas, U.S.A

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiqul Alam ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud ◽  
Kim D. Jones ◽  
Juan César Bezares-Cruz ◽  
Javier Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Flow Attenuation ◽  
Semi Arid

This study examines the hydrologic and environmental performance of three types of permeable pavement designs: Porous Concrete Pavement (PCP), Permeable Interlocking Concrete (PICP), and Interlocking Block Pavement with Gravel (IBPG) in the semi-arid South Texas. Outflow rate, storage, Normalized Volume Reduction (NVR), Normalized Load Reductions (NLR) of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) were compared to results obtained from adjacent traditional pavements at different regional parking lots. A notable percentage of peak flow attenuation of approximately 31–100% was observed when permeable pavements were constructed and implemented. IBPG was capable to hold runoff from rainfall depths up to 136 mm prior to flooding. PCP was the most satisfactory in reducing surface runoff (NVR: 2.81 × 10−3 ± 0.67 × 10−3 m3/m2/mm), which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (98%) than the traditional pavement. PCP was also very effective in TSS removal (NLR: 244 × 10−5 ± 143 × 10−5 kg/m2/mm), which was an increase of over 80% removal than traditional pavement. IBPG (NLR: 7.14 × 10−5 ± 7.19 × 10−5 kg/m2/mm) showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher (46%) BOD5 removal over traditional pavement. These results demonstrate that the type of permeable pavement and the underlying media can significantly influence the runoff reduction and infiltration in this climatic region.

scholarly journals WinSLAMM Simulation of Hydrologic Performance of Permeable Pavements—A Case Study in the Semi-Arid Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, United States

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiqul Alam ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud ◽  
Kim D. Jones ◽  
Juan César Bezares-Cruz ◽  
Javier Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Lower Rio Grande ◽  
Hydrologic Performance

This study used the Source Loading and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM) to develop a set of calibrated hydrologic models for three types of regional permeable pavements—porous concrete pavement (PCP), permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP), and interlocking block pavement with gravel (IBPG). The objective was to assess the hydrologic performance of permeable pavements, including the runoff depth, peak discharge, percentage increment in runoff reduction of pavements as a function of rainfall depth, development area, and base aggregate porosity, respectively. The permeable pavements were monitored over a wide range of rainfall events in the semi-arid Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas. Data regarding rainfall intensities, source characterizations, runoff coefficients, and pavement design were initialized as WinSLAMM input. Validation results showed that the calibrated models could over or under-predict runoff reduction within a 30% error range. PCP and IBPG were very effective and could be capable of handling storms as large as 50-year frequency over a 24-h time period. The modeling results showed that PCP might require a 50–60% lesser footprint area as compared to PICP and IBPG, respectively. Additionally, PCP might be able to store 30% additional runoff if the porosity of base aggregates was increased by 40%.

scholarly journals Novel advanced porous concrete in constructed wetlands: preparation, characterization and application in urban storm runoff treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Tai Tang ◽  
Kannan Pakshirajan
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Urban Storm

Abstract Common porous concrete templates (CPCT) and advanced porous concrete templates (APCT) were employed in this study to construct wetlands for their applications in pollutant removal from storm runoff. The planting ability of the concrete was investigated by growing Festuca elata plants in them. Strength of the porous concrete (7.21 ± 0.19 Mpa) decreased by 1.8 and 4.9% over a period of six and 12 months, respectively, due to its immersion in lake water. The height and weight of Festuca elata grass growth on the porous concrete were observed to be 12.6–16.9 mm and 63.4–95.4 mg, respectively, after a duration of one month. Advanced porous concrete template based constructed wetland (APCT-CW) showed better removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (49.6%), total suspended solids (TSS) (58.9), NH3-N (52.4%), total nitrogen (TN) (47.7%) and total phosphorus (TP) (45.5%) in storm water, when compared with the common porous concrete template based constructed wetland (CPCT-CW) with 20.6, 29.8, 30.1, 35.4 and 26.9%, respectively. The removal of Pb, Ni, Zn by the CPCT-CW unit were 28.9, 33.3 and 42.3%, respectively, whereas these were 51.1, 62.5 and 53.8%, respectively, with the APCT-CW unit. These results demonstrate that the advanced porous concrete template in constructed wetland could be employed successfully for the removal of pollutants from urban storm water runoff.

scholarly journals Water quality performance of a permeable pavement and stormwater harvesting treatment train stormwater control measure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
Kristi Arend ◽  
Jay D. Dorsey ◽  
William F. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Stormwater Harvesting ◽  
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement ◽  
Treatment Train

Abstract Stormwater runoff from urban development causes undesired impacts to surface waters, including discharge of pollutants, erosion, and loss of habitat. A treatment train consisting of permeable interlocking concrete pavement and underground stormwater harvesting was monitored to quantify water quality improvements. The permeable pavement provided primary treatment and the cistern contributed to final polishing of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity concentrations (&gt;96%) and loads (99.5% for TSS). Because of this, &gt;40% reduction of sediment-bound nutrient forms and total nitrogen was observed. Nitrate reduction (&gt;70%) appeared to be related to an anaerobic zone in water stored in the scarified soil beneath the permeable pavement, allowing denitrification to occur. Sequestration of copper, lead, and zinc occurred during the first 5 months of monitoring, with leaching observed during the second half of the monitoring period. This was potentially caused by a decrease in pH within the cistern or residual chloride from deicing salt causing de-sorption of metals from accumulated sediment. Pollutant loading followed the same trends as pollutant concentrations, with load reduction improved vis-à-vis concentrations because of the 27% runoff reduction provided by the treatment train. This study has shown that permeable pavement can serve as an effective pretreatment for stormwater harvesting schemes.

scholarly journals Strength and Water Purification Properties of Environment-Friendly Construction Material Produced with the (D)PAOs and Zeolite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Il Jang ◽  
Byung-Jae Lee ◽  
Jong-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Optimal Mixing ◽  
P Removal

The goal of this study was to improve the water purification performance of secondary concrete products that can be used in rivers and streams. To this end, mortar and porous concrete were produced by adding both de-nitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms ((D)PAOs) and zeolite, and their mechanical properties and water purification performance were analyzed. The compression strength test results showed that the strength was the highest when the mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite were set to 10% and 5%, respectively. For better contaminant adsorption, however, the optimal mixing ratio of zeolite was determined to be 10%. When the mixing ratio of (D)PAOs was set to 10%, the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased by 57.9% and 89.9%, respectively, after seven days of immersion when compared to the initial concentrations. When compared to plain porous concrete, the total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) removal ratios of the develop concrete were 11.0% and 17.8% higher, respectively. When the mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite were set to 10% for both, the T-N and T-P removal ratios were determined to be 86.3% and 88.1%, respectively, while the BOD and COD concentrations were 2.668 mg/L and 16.915 mg/L, respectively. In simpler terms, the water purification performance was up to 17% higher in the concrete mixed with both 10% (D)PAOs and 10% zeolite than in the concrete mixed with 10% (D)PAOs only. Overall, the optimal mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite to maximize the water purification effect of secondary concrete products while maintaining their strengths equivalent to or higher than those of their corresponding plain concrete products are considered to be 10% for both.

Performance Evaluation of the Runoff Reduction with Permeable Pavements using the SWMM Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuguang Lin ◽  
◽  
SungWoo Ryu ◽  
Dae Geun Park ◽  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Swmm Model

scholarly journals Relationship Performance of Cylindrical Detention Pond (CDP) as Depression Storage and Runoff Reduction Under Fully Saturated Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546
Author(s):  
H. Maseri ◽  
O. S. Selaman ◽  
M. A. Mannan ◽  
S. N. L. Taib
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Detention Pond ◽  
Bottom Cover ◽  
Relationship Performance

Permeable pavements are a key Storm water management measure employed both to attenuate surface runoff in urban areas and to filter urban storm water pollutants. Existing permeable pavements (PP) are design with the specific percentage porosity whereby enabling excess rainwater to infiltrate through the system and acting as a depression storage at the same time. Depression storage basically refers to the volume of water trapped in the depression when the precipitation of a storm reaches the ground and filled up all the depression before it can flow over the surface. Cylindrical Detention Pond (CDP) is an alternative paving material that may alleviate many of the hydrological problems caused by urban runoff from developed areas. CDP consist of three basic component; top cover, bottom cover and hollow cylindrical at centre (300 mm thickness). The hollow cylindrical has approximate 50 percent porosity from the total solid of component, which is every 1 inch (25 mm) of pavement depth can hold 0.5 inches (12.5 mm) of rain in theoretical. In this study, the depression storage rate of CDP was investigated under three different rainfall intensity scenarios which are 77 mm/hr (low), 153 mm/hr (medium), and 230 mm/hr (heavy) respectively whereby it function to monitoring the analytical trend line. The experiment was conducted in model box in the laboratory under fully saturated condition. It found that the CDP can performed to detent the water until 180 min of excess rainfall for all 2 year ARI, 5 year ARI, 10 year ARI, 20 year ARI, 50 year ARI and 100 year ARI with different rates. CDP’s able to reduce the runoff up to 77% of the total rainfall volume. The result was proved the hollow cylindrical at centre of CDP very effective in runoff volume reduction according to the different ARI trend line projection.

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